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• VCHIU108

  Understand the relationship between language and culture, reflecting on how languages reflect values, belief systems and perspectives that may be differently interpreted by speakers of other languages

  Elaborations

  • identifying elements of Hindi that reflect cultural traditions and values, such as the use of forms of address that reflect status, age and relationship, for example, using the suffix ji when referring to elders or people who merit respect, forms of address such as नमस्कार, नमस्ते; आप कैसे हैं, तुम कैसे हो; the addition of श्री, श्रीमती for married women and the formal honorific कुमारी attached to forms of address to unmarried women
  • exploring how culturally defined concepts such as family, responsibility or hospitality influence forms of expression and patterns of interaction in Hindi, considering whether changes in cultural and social practices over time are translated into changes in language use
  • recognising Hindi words and expressions that reflect traditions, values and cultural priorities, such as forms of address like स्वामी जी for a religious leader, गुरु जी for a male teacher, बाबा जी for an older male person and राम राम as a mode of greeting in villages
  • reflecting on the dynamic nature of culture and on the relationship between language and culture, identifying visible and invisible elements of culture expressed in language that may be differently interpreted by speakers of other languages
  • discussing the cultural significance of expressions in Hindi that characterise more indirect forms of language compared to English, for example, by saying कोई बात नहीं, चलो जाने दो.
  • reflecting on how cultures influence ways of thinking about or acting in social, physical and temporal environments, for example, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander relationships with place, language and culture; the concept of non-linear time expressed in Hindi, as in कल – ‘yesterday/tomorrow’; परसों – ‘day before yesterday/day after tomorrow’; the concepts of अहिंसा and कर्म
  • identifying expressions used in news reports or sports commentaries that reflect traditional beliefs and include cultural allusions, such as references to gods and legendary heroes, for example, अगर इंद्रदेव मेहरबान हुए तो भारत बिना मैच खेले पहुँचेगा फाइनल में
  • finding examples of language and behaviours associated with Indian culture that are part of everyday life in Australia and around the world, for example, words and expressions associated with religion, yoga, dance, Bollywood, food, sport

  VCHIU108 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCHHK116

  The significant social, cultural, economic, environmental and political changes and continuities in the way of life and the roles and relationships of different groups in society

  Elaborations

  • Vikings
    • locating Viking lands in Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden)
    • describing the way of life of the Vikings, for example, living in a cold and harsh environment; the importance of farming and raids; the significance of honour in Viking warrior society
  • Medieval Europe
    • describing the structure of feudal society, for example, the role and responsibilities of the king, nobles, church, knights and peasants
    • using a selection of primary sources track changes to the way of life in medieval Europe across time or across locations
    • continuity and change in society in one of the following areas: crime and punishment; military and defence systems; towns, cities and commerce
  • Ottoman Empire
    • describing the way of life of people in the Ottoman Empire, for example, the role of the coffee house and bazaar or marketplace
    • using a selection of primary sources track changes to the way of life in the Ottoman Empire across time or across locations
    • explaining the power and responsibility of the Sultan to ensure that justice was served within society
  • Angkor/Khmer Empire
    • mapping the Khmer empire and its physical features and annotate how these significantly influenced everyday life
    • describing the way of life in the Khmer Empire through stone carvings and the writings of the Chinese Ambassador Zhou Daguan, for example, in relation to fishing, trading in markets, temple construction
  • Mongol Expansion
    • describing the nomadic nature of Mongol life and the rise of Temujin (Genghis Khan) who united all Mongol tribes in 1206 CE
    • describing the way of life in Mongolia and its incorporation into Chinese life, for example, agriculture (domestication of animals such as horses, camels and cattle), food (dried meat and yoghurt), and housing (yurts)
  • Japan under the Shoguns
    • describing the way of life in feudal Japan under the shoguns, for example, ‘bushido’, the chivalric code of conduct of the samurai that emphasised frugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honour
    • explaining reasons why the Shogun increased power
    • describing the relationship between the emperor, shogun, daimyo (lords) samurai (warriors), workers (for example farmers, artisans and traders)
  • Polynesian Expansion
    • describing the way of life in one Polynesian society, including social, cultural, economic and political features, such as the role of the ariki in Maori and in Rapa Nui society (Easter Island)
    • investigating the way of life of Easter Island society (Rapa Nui), for example, fishing by the men, links between the household and the extended clan through the exchange of goods, wives, and labour; the use of stone tools
  • Renaissance Italy
    • examining the way of life in Renaissance Italy (social, cultural, economic and political features) and the roles and relationships of different groups in society
    • mapping the political city states on the Italian peninsula. Annotate their significance
    • describing the way of life of people in Renaissance Italy, for example, the role of men in tending the fields or merchant shops,
    • explaining the influence of government in particular city-states, for example the monarchy of Naples or the Florentine republic
  • Spanish Conquest
    • describing pre-Columbian life in the Americas, including the social organisation of the Aztecs, (for example, nobility, slaves), their beliefs (for example, worship of a number of gods and the need to make human sacrifices to appease these gods), life in the capital city Tenochtitlan

  VCHHK116 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Middle Ages and early exploration

• VCASFC055

  Initiate and sustain interactions to share ideas and interests, report on experiences, offer opinions and connect with events in their school and local community

  Elaborations

  • exchanging opinions about topics such as food, sport, lifestyles, health, music or travel
  • participating in videoconferencing to compare and contrast aspects of their school experience, for example by communicating online with deaf students from different schools in another state/territory
  • discussing the relationship between events in their school or local community and interest groups they identify with by conducting an in-class survey
  • describing aspects of their school, community, home or social lives, for example:
    SCHOOL DS(5CLAW):located-at DS(C):l-shape…
    The school is located here, and then there’s a large L-shaped building on the right.
    WEEKEND, I VISIT HEARING FRIEND WE2 WATCH MOVIE OR DS:2-people-walk SHOPS OR SOMETIMES STAY HOME DS:press-console
    On the weekends, my hearing friend and I like to go to the movies or the shops, but sometimes we just play video games.
    
  • offering opinions about issues under consideration in their class or school community, such as their school policy on social media use
  • developing narrative and expressive skills by exchanging accounts of personally significant influences, experiences or milestones, identifying common experiences, such as describing their favourite holiday or their personal hero
  • comparing their experience of involvement in the Deaf community, and sharing their views on the importance of this experience in their lives by describing their relationships with deaf people outside of school

  VCASFC055 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC191

  Reflect on their intercultural interactions and experiences, for example by considering their responses when engaging with Auslan users or digital resources, and on how these responses reflect their own languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on their interactions in Auslan and with Deaf culture, for example, through face-to-face or online interactions with other Auslan learners or deaf people, visits to Deaf community places and events or interactions with visitors to the school, analysing these experiences in terms of their previous or existing perceptions, understandings or attitudes
  • analysing cultural assumptions they made prior to learning Auslan and considering if these have changed through the experience of learning the language and interacting with deaf people
  • reflecting on the labels deaf and hearing, what these may mean to different people and their implications in terms of status, access, opportunity and privilege
  • reflecting on the concepts of insider and outsider views of the Deaf community and on their own position as second language learners of Auslan
  • reflecting and reporting on how learning Auslan provides general insights into the nature of language and culture and on how their assumptions about deaf people and ways of reading the world are changing as a result of intercultural language learning
  • reflecting on general social attitudes and responses to differences in behaviours or communicative styles, such as those that characterise communication in Auslan
  • reflecting on their identity as ‘second language learners’ and considering whether the experience of learning an additional language/culture impacts on their aspirations, career considerations or social-networking opportunities
  • reflecting on how their own ways of communicating may be interpreted when interacting with deaf people, and on the need to modify elements of their behaviour, for example in relation to the use of eye contact, facial expression or body language

  VCASFC191 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCGRCE002

  Convey information and ideas about the daily life and attitudes of the ancient Greeks, in oral, written and digital forms, using Classical Greek as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • gathering, collating and presenting information about daily routine in the ancient Greek world, such as in posters or digital displays about family life, education, food, hygiene, exercise, with annotations in English or words and simple phrases in Classical Greek
  • reading stories about the daily lives of ancient Greeks, and recreating their everyday experiences, for example, through role-play or an imaginative animated cartoon
  • comparing details from different sources about where Greek people lived, such as in urban centres or rural settlements, for example, through dioramas or drawings with labels in English or Classical Greek, and discussing what they reveal about different lifestyles in the Classical period
  • researching the purpose and function of spaces in an ancient Greek home, for example, the ἀνδρών and γυναικών rooms, for an oral or digital presentation, using labels in English and Classical Greek
  • examining artefacts from the classical Greek period, such as those from ancient Athens, and discussing what they reveal about the everyday lives of ancient Greek people
  • collating and sharing information online about ancient Greek inventions, engineering and infrastructure, for example, the Antikythera Mechanism, the Hippodamian urban grid plan, Archimedes’ screw
  • researching the attitudes of ancient Greeks revealed in their myths and legends, and acting out stories, such as the labours of Heracles, to convey these attitudes
  • gathering and creating a class bank of information from texts about ancient Greek religious beliefs and practices, for example, Olympian deities, local festivals (Dionysia in Athens) and panhellenic festivals (Pythian Games at Delphi)
  • reading accounts of historical events, such as Aeschylus’ eyewitness account of the Battle of Salamis, and presenting information in new ways, for example, as a news report

  VCGRCE002 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 7 and 8 | Engaging with texts | Accessing the ancient Greek world through Classical Greek texts

• VCHIC060

  Interpret and compare representations of values, characters and events from a range of traditional and contemporary imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing themes and values represented in contemporary texts such as cartoons or video games with those conveyed in traditional fables, epic poems and legends
  • analysing cultural styles of humour in comedies or cartoons, for example, by comparing Hindi jokes about family relationships, such as mother-in-law/daughter-in-law and husband/wife jokes पति- पत्नी इत्यादि के चुटकुले, with humour around similar relationships in Australian English
  • identifying characters in fables and legends that embody particular qualities, values or defects that have come to represent recognisable character traits in everyday speech, for example, referring to a playful or naughty child as Krishna or Kahnaiyya, or to a late-sleeper as Kumbakaran
  • considering whether values and aspirations expressed in historical texts such as letters written during the freedom struggles in India might have relevance to their own lives
  • comparing style, creative effects and cultural values reflected in popular Hindi and Australian music by listening to music stations, reading print or online music magazines, classifying song titles or viewing clips from Bollywood films
  • comparing representations of traditions and beliefs across cultures through visual and performing arts, for example, by comparing different living traditions present in Australia, including cultural and artistic expression associated with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
  • providing a live commentary to a dance performance, interpreting movements, commenting on the significance of costume and interpreting messages conveyed through the performance

  VCHIC060 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCIDC095

  Interact with Indonesian peers and texts, noticing what and how language is being used, and considering own reactions and how these relate to own language and culture

  Elaborations

  • participating in intercultural experiences, including viewing (online) videos or television programs, noticing what is confusing, surprising or ‘strange’, for example, use of left hand for ‘unclean’ tasks, ‘soft’ handshake, how to say ‘please’
  • corresponding with peers in Indonesia, such as through email, shared digital spaces or video, comparing topics of interest, language choices and expressions
  • observing interactions between Indonesian speakers, noticing similarities and differences in politeness and etiquette, for example, use of permisi dulu; mandi dulu; mari; minta maaf
  • recording features of language use, such as by keeping a journal about how language reflects cultural concepts and values, for example, bersama, kita (to show community); jam karet (showing fluidity of time); elision of pronouns (not foregrounding self; Mau ikut?, Mau ke mana?); and use of gender-neutral terms (dia, pacar)
  • developing a language for describing personal reactions to and feelings about intercultural experiences, for example, suka/kurang suka/tidak suka, heran, bingung, benci, ikut/tidak ikut, sopan/tidak sopan

  VCIDC095 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAC163

  Interact with others to share interests and experiences, exchange information and express opinions and feelings

  Elaborations

  • engaging in face-to-face or online discussions with peers and other Japanese-speaking contacts about shared interests and experiences, such as sport, food, study or music, for example, からてをしますか。いいえ、でも好(す)きです。
  • expressing opinions such as サーフィンはかっこいいです。 えいがはたのしいです。
  • recounting experiences such as holidays, special events or celebrations through email or face-to-face conversations, for example, どこでパーティーをしましたか。だれときましたか。
  • sharing and comparing information about teenage life, daily routines and responsibilities, for example, わたしはうちからがっこうまであるきます。でも、友(とも)だちはバスで行きます。
    にねます。 いつも父(ちち)とそうじをします。
  • introducing themselves to other Japanese speakers, じこしょうかい, using appropriate formulaic expressions such as はじめまして、(school name) の　デニス　です。 and culturally appropriate gestures
  • using formulaic language spontaneously in interactions to express feelings, for example, あー、つかれた、 えー、むずかしい、たのしかった、できた
  • using cohesive devices such as conjunctions when sequencing or elaborating an account of experiences, for example, 土よう日にかいものに行きます。だから、はやくおきます。
  • sustaining and extending conversations by seeking additional information or asking additional questions, for example, しゅみはなんですか。

  VCJAC163 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCKOC172

  Initiate and sustain interactions with peers and adults by seeking and offering ideas, expressing thoughts and feelings and making connections across different areas of interest

  Elaborations

  • initiating conversations by using expressions such as 지금 뭐 해요? 어디 가요? and 어제 … 봤어요? as appropriate according to context and participants, and developing conversations on topics of mutual interest
  • exchanging information and opinions about various topics such as family, friends, teachers, subjects, entertainment, sport and leisure, travelling, for example, 왜 한국어를 배워요? 한국어는 과학적이에요. 그리고 배우기가 쉬워요
  • expressing hopes and feelings, describing personal plans (for example, plans for school holidays), giving reasons or background information, for example, 소라가 좋아서 한국어를 배웠어요; 방학 때 뭐 할 거예요? 한국에 갈 거예요; 시험이 끝나서 기분이 좋아요
  • usingcommunication strategies such as asking for clarification or repetition, or giving feedback to indicate concession/acceptance/satisfaction, for example, 무슨 뜻이에요?; 다시 말해 주세요; 괜찮아요
  • communicating with peers via online correspondence or social networking to seek or share information or ideas on social, cultural or environmental issues, for example, 한국에서 보통 쓰레기를 어떻게 버려요? 한강에서 언제나 물놀이를 할 수 있어요? 방학 때 뭐해요? 가끔 서핑을 해요
  • recounting significant events, special occasions and milestones, for example, 지난 주말에 학교 캠프에 갔어요, 거기에서…

  VCKOC172 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRC086

  Interact with peers and teacher to socialise, exchange information and opinions, talk about personal worlds

  Elaborations

  • using simple greetings relevant to the time of day, context or relationship, for example, Merhaba! Günaydın! Tünaydın! İyi günler! İyi akşamlar! İyi geceler! Hoşça kal! Güle güle! Hoş geldiniz! Hoş bulduk!, noticing differences between how they greet different people, such as teachers or family members, for example, Merhaba Ayşe! Nasılsın? Günaydın öğretmenim! Siz nasılsınız?
  • offering and responding to general wishes such as Afiyet olsun! Elinize sağlık! Teşekkür ederim. Bir şey deği! Çok yaşa! Sen de gör! and to wishes associated with significant events in their community such as Bayramınız kutlu olsun! Mutluluklar dilerim. Kınan kutlu olsun!
  • composing written or digital texts, such as emails, cards, letters or text messages, to invite, congratulate or thank someone, for example, Lütfen buyurun! Davetlisiniz. Gözün aydın! Güle güle oturun! Hayırlı ve uğurlu olsun! Tebrikler! Teşekkür ederim
  • describing and comparing accounts of social activities or special community celebrations or events, for example, Cumhuriyet Bayraminda ben şiir okudum, Ramazan Bayramında dedem bana harçlık verdi
  • talking about themselves and their families and expressing likes, dislikes and preferences, for example, Arkadaşlarımla sinemaya gitmeyi severim, Suyu gazoza tercih ederim
  • participating in online exchanges with sister schools in Turkey or other Turkish-speaking contexts, asking and answering questions about studies, interests and daily routines, for example, Kaçıncı sınıftasın? En sevdiğin ders hangisi? Okuldan sonra futbol oynuyorum, Akşamları saat onda yatıyorum, Cumartesileri bağlama kursuna gidiyorum
  • describing and comparing with others aspects of their cultural and communicative worlds, including the use of different languages at home, at school and in their social lives, and their involvement in different activities, for example, aile yaşamı, düğünler, spor, bayramlar, misafirperverlik

  VCTRC086 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRC055

  Access, collate and analyse information from different print, digital and visual sources to develop deeper understanding of events, personalities or circumstances

  Elaborations

  • researching, recording, comparing and representing statistics related to Turkish and Australian lifestyles, for example, nüfus and yüzölçümü, iklim, evcil hayvan edinimi, kadın ve erkeğin iş hayatındaki yeri, popüler faaliyetler
  • collating information from different sources about historical events or famous people to re-present in different formats, for example, an annotated timeline of events, such as Cumhuriyetin kuruluşu, Çanakkale Savaşları, Kıbrıs Barış Harekatı, or a multimedia profile of a famous Turk, such as Atatürk, Yunus Emre, Mimar Sinan, Sabiha Gökçen, Evliya Çelebi, Piri Reis
  • classifying details abstracted from a range of texts on a selected topic, such as schooling in Turkey or regional cultural celebrations, identifying terms and representations that have particular cultural significance, for example, bayramlar, sünnet düğünü, kınalar, köy düğünleri
  • collecting information from a range of print and online resources to build reference materials for their own project work or class discussion, classifying information according to topics or concepts
  • summarising and annotating information accessed via the internet, teen magazines and personal communications on youth-related issues and interests, such as müzik, sanal zorbalık, spor, sosyal medya, moda, seyahat
  • researching aspects of young people’s lifestyles across Turkish-speaking cultures and contexts, identifying and comparing the influence of factors such as geography, climate, social and community environments
  • analysing information that reflects different perspectives on the contribution of important figures from different times, such as the influence of Nene Hatun, Fatih Sultan Mehmet, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, İbni Sina

  VCTRC055 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCVIC002

  Participate in guided and shared activities, such as role-plays, performances and presentations, that involve planning, deciding, making arrangements and completing transactions

  Elaborations

  • politely accepting or declining an invitation, for example, Cảm ơn bạn. Được, tôi sẽ đến dự sinh nhật của bạn. Xin lỗi, tôi không đến được vì tôi bị bệnh
  • planning home and school events, such as a Mother’s/Father’s Day celebration, a birthday party or group presentation, and exchanging information about date, time, place, activities and participants, for example, Thứ Bảy tới là sinh nhật của con. Mẹ cho con mời mấy người bạn? Ba ơi, chủ nhật tới là ngày lễ Mẹ. Mình đưa mẹ đi ăn nhà hàng nha ba. Con sẽ gọi cho nhà hàng để đặt chỗ. Ba muốn đi nhà hàng nào? Mấy giờ mình đi?
  • participating in real or simulated scenarios such as asking for or giving directions, or providing assistance, for example, Tôi/Chúng mình bị lạc đường rồi. Làm ơn chỉ cho tôi/chúng tôi đường đi đến trạm xe lửa. Đi thẳng, đến ngã tư thứ hai quẹo trái
  • making transactions in authentic, simulated or online situations, such as purchasing goods, ordering food or requesting services, for example, Xin lỗi, cô cần gì ạ? Cái áo này bao nhiêu tiền? Có số nhỏ/lớn hơn không? Vé xe lửa đi City giá bao nhiêu? Ở đây có dạy thêm tiếng Anh cuối tuần không?

  VCVIC002 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCVIC158

  Engage in collaborative tasks and transactions in real or simulated contexts that involve solving problems and making decisions

  Elaborations

  • responding to invitations by accepting, declining or apologising, for example, Cám ơn bạn. Được, tôi sẽ đến dự sinh nhật của bạn. Xin lỗi, tôi không đến được vì bận đi đám cưới với gia đình
  • collaborating with peers to plan individual, family, class or school events such as a birthday party, housewarming, class excursion or school performance, taking the initiative, discussing alternatives and making decisions, for example, Tuần tới chúng mình sẽ tổ chức sinh nhật cho Minh ở trường nhưng Trang bận quá. Vậy Hùng email mời các bạn giùm, còn Lan và Hương sẽ mua bánh và quà cho Minh
  • commenting on the organisation of local community events and making suggestions for improvements, for example, Tết Trung Thu năm nay vui quá. Các cửa tiệm nên bán thêm nhiều lồng đèn hơn
  • participating in transactions in authentic, simulated or online situations, such as purchasing goods or services, for example, Cái áo này bao nhiêu tiền? Vé xe lửa/ xe buýt khứ hồi đi đến trung tâm thành phố bao nhiêu tiền? Có số nhỏ/lớn hơn cho cái quần này không?

  VCVIC158 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCVIC157

  Initiate and sustain interactions with peers and known adults on topics and issues related to social activities and personal interests

  Elaborations

  • initiating conversations, including face-to-face and online conversations, by asking peers about personal interests, for example, Lúc rảnh rỗi bạn thích làm gì? Bạn thích ăn mặc thế nào khi đi chơi?
  • sustaining conversations by further exploring peers’ perspectives on topics of discussion, for example, Ngoài âm nhạc ra bạn còn sở thích gì khác? Tại sao vậy? Tôi nghĩ đọc sách rất có ích. Bạn có đồng ý với tôi không?
  • exchanging opinions about a range of topics such as friends, family, lifestyles, celebrations, food and health, for example, Mình nên cẩn thận khi quen bạn ở trên mạng. Chúng ta nên ăn uống lành mạnh để có sức khỏe tốt
  • summarising different opinions in interactions, for example, Có bạn thì thích phim hành động, có bạn thì thích phim tình cảm
  • interacting with family and friends at school and home events, for example, Hôm nay đội bóng đá trường mình chơi hay lắm! Năm nay ngày hội đa văn hóa trường mình tổ chức vào ngày nào? Ba mẹ ơi, năm nay nhà mình đi chơi ở đâu/ăn Tết thế nào? Tết này cô chú và các em về Việt Nam ăn Tết à? Cho con gởi lời thăm ông bà và các cô chú ở Việt Nam

  VCVIC157 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC165

  Express opinions about how popular imaginative texts, including poems and 故事, reveal important cultural values

  Elaborations

  • describing how emotions, attitudes or intentions of a performer, author or character are conveyed through language, and analysing how emotions (for example, happiness, sadness, homesickness) are expressed in popular songs or TV programs
  • viewing popular TV programs designed for Chinese youth, sharing individual responses or reactions to forms of Chinese entertainment, and comparing features of performance across cultures
  • understanding how music, imagery and stereotypical representations of people, places and practices are used in contemporary youth media to influence audience responses
  • exploring regional and generational influences on popular culture of the Sinophone world (such as 港台流行歌曲； 港片), and identifying different concepts of ‘beauty’ in different eras, for example, 60年代流行…, 70年代流行…
  • comparing features of performance in different media (such as radio, television and online videos), and discussing how entertainment is changing with technology
  • producing creative texts in response to literary texts such as 《某某后传》, reflecting the literary styles and methods identified in such texts
  • reading a range of imaginative texts from other cultures, keeping a reading journal (读书笔记) to record understanding and own responses, and participating in class discussions about texts such as 《小王子》 and 《安徒生童话选》
  • discussing themes and meanings of traditional texts, including classical poems (for example,《静夜思》，《春晓》，《咏鹅》) and stories, fables and legends ( for example, 《孔融让梨》、《井底之蛙》、 《铁杵磨针》

  VCZHC165 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC055

  Translate texts for different audiences varying the language to explain key points for these different audiences

  Elaborations

  • identifying the challenges of translating some concepts (for example, ‘descendant of dragon’, 龙的传人), and developing strategies to overcome these challenges, for example: What is lost in translation? Why can’t we just translate word for word? Why does context matter?
  • translating short phrases or texts, noting culture-specific words and phrases and discussing alternatives, equivalence or non-equivalence
  • discussing reasons for producing different versions of texts for different audiences
  • describing the impact of subtle differences in language use and the way meanings are implied rather than explicitly stated, for example, the use of 吧 to indirectly reject or refuse others in 我能来看看你吗？ --- 不太好吧？
  • avoiding literal (word-for-word) translations when trying to convey the intended meaning, for example, mediating a response to a compliment such as 你的衣服真漂亮。 ---- 哪有啊?
  • reading bilingual signs in places such as restaurants, shops, pools, schools, hospitals and construction sites (for example, 出口 — ‘exit’, 入口 — ‘entrance’), determining the effectiveness of the English translations and analysing possible reasons for such interpretations
  • comparing word choices for warnings across languages, and discussing ways language is used to convey rules, expectations and permission, for example, comparing 闲人免进 to ‘Staff Only’
  • exploring a range of dictionaries, including online translation tools, and considering how these tools help or hinder in Chinese learning

  VCZHC055 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRU098

  Recognise and use key elements of Turkish grammar, such as word order, positions of adjectives, adverbs and postpositions and sentence structures, recognising how grammatical forms and functions are represented through agglutination

  Elaborations

  • understanding and responding to instructions by learning the subject–object–verb word order in simple and complex statements, imperatives and questions, such as Ali topu attı, Ali topu al ve at! and Ali topu Tarkan dan sonra bana atar mısın?
  • learning the conditions that apply to the use of familiar and formal second person singular forms -n and -n(ı)z, for example, yemeğin hazır, yemeğiniz hazır and second person pronouns, sen and siz as well as different honorifics, such as Teyze/Amca, Hanım/Bey, as in Serren Teyze and Doktor Hanım
  • using a range of common interrogative word endings and pronouns, for example, Haftada kaç kez … yapıyorsun? … hakkında ne düşünüyorsun? Lütfen kendinizi bize tanıtır mısınız? Bu sayfayı mı okuyacaktık? Bunu nasıl yapacağız? Tekrar eder misiniz?
  • recognising and using a range of common compounds such as çevre kirliliği, geri dönüşüm, Türk halıları in different sentences
  • recognising common idiomatic expressions and proverbs, for example, samanlıkta iğne aramak, kulak misafiri olmak, Bir lisan, bir insan, Bir elin nesi var, iki elin sesi var
  • recognising passive voice endings in simple instructions, for example, mektuba hitap ile başlanır, elektronik mesajda kısaltmalar kullanılır
  • applying the rule of great vowel harmony when adding nominal case endings -(e), -(i), -d(e), -d(e)n to different nouns, such as ev-e, ev-i, ev-de, ev-den
  • understanding and recognising simple verb tenses, using negation and affirmation and suffixes to form simple and compound sentences, for example, biliyorum/bilmiyorum, okur/okumaz, uyudu/uyumadı, geleceğim/gelmeyeceğim, gitmiş/gitmemiş
  • recognising and using appropriate endings and sentence structures for subject–verb agreement in simple and compound sentences, for example, Taylan yemeğini yedi, Defne yemekten sonra ödevini yaptı ve uyudu
  • recognising and using verbal conjugations and nominal declensions through common noun- and adjective-forming suffixes, such as -(a)l as in san-al, -(a)y as in dene-y, -(a)k as in sol-ak and kur-ak, -(c)a as in çocuk-ça, binler-ce, İngiliz-ce, güzel-ce, -(d)aş / (d)eş as in kar-deş, -(h)ane as in hasta-hane -(ç)ı as in kebapçı, simitçi, eskici
  • using a range of adjectives, adverbs and postpositions to describe actions, places and people, for example, mavi köşkte, Kısa saçlı biriydi, Çok dikkatli yürü, Dün sabah geldi, learning the correct written form of suffixes, for example, using the written form geleceğim and alacaksın instead of the spoken and colloquial use of predicates gelcem, alcan; using the correct spelling geliyorum instead of geliyom
  • building metalanguage to talk about grammar, using terms such as bağlaçlar, özne ve yüklem uyumu, -de/-da ekler, ilgi zamiri -ki, edatlar
  • understanding and using the conditional marker -s(e) and/or the word eğer in compound sentences, for example, Eğer kitap okursan hayal gücün gelişir

  VCTRU098 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC154

  Initiate and sustain interactions with others by expressing and exchanging opinions on topics of interest, and maintain relationships through apologising, inviting or praising

  Elaborations

  • initiating conversations, including face-to-face and virtual conversations, by asking peers about personal interests, for example,

    هل تحب المأكولات العربية؟ ما هو طعامك المفضّل؟ أنا أيضاً أحب الوجبات السّريعة ؛ هل تريد أن تأتي معي إلى مطعم الوجبات السّريعة بعد المدرسة؟

    أمي طبّاخة ماهرة؛ تعال إلى بيتنا يوم السبت؛ هل تحب الذّهاب معنا إلى المنتزه/الحديقة؟

    أنا آسف؛ أمي لا تسمح لي. أعتذر ليس عندي وقت؛ سوف أسأل أبي. نعم؛ طبعاً؛ سوف أتّصل بأمّي أولاً.

    ممتاز!؛ هذا رائع!

  • developing and sustaining conversations with peers, including online or virtual conversations, on topics of interest, such as sport, games and music, for example,

    هل شاهدت أمس مباراة كرة القدم؟ برأيك من سيفوز بالكأس؟ من هو لاعبك المفضل؟ هل نزلت الّلعبة الالكترونية الجديدة إلى الأسواق ؟ إنها لعبة مسلّية. هل تُحبين الأغنية الجديدة ؟

  • exchanging information and opinions on a range of topics such as home, school, leisure and travelling, for example,

    هل تحب المنطقة التي تسكن فيها؟ لماذا؟ منطقتي جميلة وشارع بيتي هادىء؛ أبي يريد أن يشتري بيتاً جديداً وأنا لا أريد أن أترك بيتنا؛ أنا أحب بيتنا كثيراً؛ أريد ركوب الدّراجة ولكن ليس عندي خوذة. ما رأيك بلعبة كرة القدم؟ أنا أحب القراءة كثيراً؛ وأنت؟

  • expressing hopes and feelings, and describing personal plans for school holidays and the weekend, for example,

    في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع أحب أن أذهب إلى البحر لأن الطّقس سيكون حاراً؛ أتمنّى أن نسافر إلى كوينزلاند في العطلة المدرسية. أنا سعيد لأننا سوف نسافر في العطلة؛ في العطلة المدرسية سوف ألعب التنس كل يوم؛ يوم السبت القادم سأذهب إلى السينما مع إخوتي؛ يوم الأحد القادم سأذهب إلى السّوق مع أمي لأشتري حذاءً جديداً للرّياضة

  • using communication strategies such as apologising, inviting and praising when interacting in social situations, for example,

    عفواً؛ تفضل؛ أنت بنت ذّكية

  VCARC154 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC181

  Interact appropriately with people in different contexts, sharing experiences, interests and opinions about current events or school and community experience

  Elaborations

  • using signs to agree or disagree on relevant topics, such as:
    AGREE YES HOMEWORK SHOULD
    Yes, I agree we should do homework.
    PRO1 KNOW WHAT MEAN, BUT….
    I know what you mean, but …
    PRO1 DOUBT
    I’m not sure.
    AGREE-NOT, PRO1 THINK…
    I don’t agree; I think …
    
  • participating in videoconferencing exchanges with deaf children or other Auslan students from another state to compare and contrast aspects of their school and learning experiences
  • contributing to online videoconferencing with other Auslan users to compare and contrast aspects of their school and learning experiences
  • using appropriate NMFs when turn-taking, for example:
    HOLD
    Hold that thought.
    QUICK INTERRUPT
    Can I just interrupt you quickly?
    WAIT….COME
    Can you just wait a moment … Right, what did you want?
    
  • clarifying meaning, for example by using fingerspelling to explain unfamiliar vocabulary, as in, PRO2 MEAN [fingerspell word]?
  • using appropriate protocols to join or leave conversations, for example, waiting for eye gaze or for the signer to finish and not asking for a full recount
  • engaging with deaf visitors from different groups and backgrounds and creating a vlog about the visits

  VCASFC181 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRC092

  Participate in collaborative activities such as performances and presentations that involve planning, making arrangements, transacting and negotiating

  Elaborations

  • collaboratively creating computer-generated designs such as a virtual ideal home or leisure centre, negotiating with each other in relation to different elements and priorities, for example, Moi, je voudrais une salle média immense…, ah non, moi je préfère un grand jardin
  • managing an allocated budget for online shopping, deciding on selected items and explaining choices, for example, le 2ème à moitié prix; 3CD à 15 €
  • creating displays, presentations or performances for family, friends or school community to showcase French learning
  • organising class events such as a vide-grenier/marché aux puces, preparing labels and prices, using transactional language (for example, c’est combien? un très bon prix, vente flash! non, c’est trop cher… une échange?...), and using imperative, declarative and interrogative verb forms to buy, sell or swap items
  • issuing, accepting and declining invitations, adjusting language to suit formal or informal contexts, for example, es-tu libre samedi prochain? je t’invite; je ne suis pas libre - c’est possible dimanche? j’ai le grand plaisir de vous inviter…
  • organising social or sports events, and planning location, date and time (for example, rendez-vous au Stade Central à midi; 19 h chez ma cousine; n’oublie pas ton sac de couchage), using aller + infinitive forms of verbs such as venir, arriver, partir and commencer, for example, nous allons partir à sept heures
  • making arrangements to cater for events such as celebrations or outings through spoken and written texts such as lists, phone calls, letters or emails, and estimating quantities, numbers and prices, for example, il me faut…, une trentaine de… ça coûte combien?

  VCFRC092 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising