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• VCHPEP131

  Plan and implement strategies for connecting to natural and built environments to promote the health and wellbeing of their communities

  Elaborations

  • identifying local natural resources and built environments where individuals and groups can connect as a community and participate in physical and social activities
  • reflecting on the physical, social, emotional and spiritual benefits to health and wellbeing of being outdoors and of being active in a natural setting
  • promoting an understanding of minimal-impact outdoor recreation in the local area
  • exploring how a sense of connection to Country/Place sustains the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and communities

  VCHPEP131 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 7 and 8 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Contributing to healthy and active communities

• VCITC060

  Participate in transactions related to purchasing goods and services, such as buying clothing and tickets and evaluating ‘value for money’

  Elaborations

  • participating in real and imagined transactions and negotiating when shopping or ordering, for example, Quanto costa il biglietto per …? Preferisco viaggiare in seconda classe. Posso? Vorrei vedere l’ultimo modello della Nokia. I pantaloni vanno bene; la camicia è larga, c’è la taglia più piccola? Costa troppo! Che affare!
  • participating in role-plays to purchase goods and services, demonstrating understanding of shopping etiquette in Italy

  VCITC060 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCLAU014

  Reflect on own and others’ reactions to and assumptions about the language and culture of Roman society, considering similarities and differences to own language and culture

  Elaborations

  • considering own and others’ cultural assumptions about home and leisure and how these were different or similar in the Roman context
  • reviewing and responding to aspects of cultural practices in Latin texts and Roman artefacts, and discussing the reactions of peers to these
  • describing own life at home and school and making comparisons with that of young people in the Roman world
  • developing an understanding of life in multicultural Rome, and reflecting on similarities and differences to own lifestyle in multicultural Australia
  • discussing how young people in ancient Rome may have viewed the lives of young people in the modern world

  VCLAU014 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Reflecting

• VCLVU189

  Discuss variations in language use that reflect different social and cultural contexts, purposes and relationships

  Elaborations

  • understanding how elements of communication in Aboriginal languages languages, such as gestures, facial expressions, choice of language and use of silence, vary according to context, situation and kin relationships, for example, eye contact, pointing with lips
  • analysing and discussing intergenerational differences in language use, for example, young people’s language compared to the language of older generations
  • explaining variations in language use that reflect different levels of formality, authority and status, for example, expressions used with respected kin, ways of asking questions of different people

  VCLVU189 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCMNA247

  Connect fractions, decimals and percentages and carry out simple conversions

  Elaborations

  • justifying choices of written, mental or calculator strategies for solving specific problems including those involving large numbers
  • understanding that quantities can be represented by different number types and calculated using various operations, and that choices need to be made about each
  • calculating the percentage of the total local municipal area set aside for parkland, manufacturing, retail and residential dwellings to compare land use

  VCMNA247 | Mathematics | Level 7 | Number and Algebra | Real numbers

• VCMSP269

  Construct and compare a range of data displays including stem-and-leaf plots and dot plots

  Elaborations

  • understanding that some data representations are more appropriate than others for particular data sets, and answering questions about those data sets
  • using ordered stem-and-leaf plots to record and display numerical data collected in a class investigation, such as constructing a class plot of height in centimetres on a shared stem-and-leaf plot for which the stems 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 have been produced

  VCMSP269 | Mathematics | Level 7 | Statistics and Probability | Data representation and interpretation

• VCNRU102

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with the target language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication
  • examining culturally specific terms developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCNRU102 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU097

  Identify similarities and differences between the phonological and orthographic systems of English and the language being studied

  Elaborations

  • using the language alphabet, making connections between spoken and written forms, and recognising similarities and differences to the English alphabet
  • developing and using pronunciation and reproducing sounds in the target language
  • using the language alphabet for spelling out names and other words
  • developing awareness of the sounds, rhythms and intonation patterns in the language being studied
  • understanding and using punctuation particular to the language

  VCNRU097 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAC062

  Consider how the students' own biographies, including family origins, traditions and beliefs, impact on identity and shapes the students' intercultural experiences

  Elaborations

  • recognising that aspects of personal identity such as family, religion and marital status may be important in interacting with speakers of the language and in how one may be perceived
  • identifying formative events and experiences in own and others’ upbringing and how these shape identity, for example, events such as graduation or achieving a goal
  • reflecting on how learning the language may have impacted on own identity and understanding of the world such as increased awareness of representations of the culture/s studied in the Australian media

  VCRAC062 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHU238

  Compare how grammatical features such as tense and passive voice are constructed in English and Chinese, and identify distinctive features of Chinese grammar, for example, in tense marking (了、过), possession, plurality

  Elaborations

  • enhancing their understanding of how information is organised to achieve particular communicative purposes, for example, 是…的 and 被 structure
  • experimenting with the use of different sentence patterns when composing own messages, for example, 让步句 and 转折句

  VCZHU238 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU202

  Explain the phonological and tonal features of Chinese, including variations in tone, stress and phrasing in diverse settings

  Elaborations

  • recognising the value of Pinyin romanisation to assist in distinguishing and analysing differences in spoken Chinese, to generate digital texts and to develop understanding of sound–symbol correspondences in characters
  • identifying subtle differences in pronunciation in spoken Chinese, including variations in regional accents, especially in speakers of other dialects, for example, distinguishing between ‘qing’ and ‘qin’, ‘lou’ and ‘rou’, ‘liang’ and ‘lang’, ‘shi’ and ‘si’, ‘lan’ and ‘nan’
  • developing tone discrimination and exploring the impact of tone choice, including tone sandhi, on the meanings expressed in speech, for example, ‘mǎi’ and ‘mài’, ‘bùqù’ and ‘búqù’

  VCZHU202 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARU017

  Explore how language use reflects one’s thoughts, perceptions and culture, recognising that language and culture are interrelated systems for meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, and understanding that it involves visible elements, such as ways of eating and behaving, and invisible aspects, such as how people live, what they value and how they think of themselves and others
  • noticing similarities and differences between naming systems across languages represented in the classroom, and noticing that Arabic-speaking students may have names from other cultures and languages
  • understanding that particular Australian-English terms and expressions have no equivalent in Arabic, for example, ‘billabong’ and ‘the bush’, and that terms such as ‘the movies’, ‘footy’ and ‘backyard’ reflect aspects of Australian lifestyles
  • recognising and explaining to others the significance of some common Arabic cultural practices and events, such as offering visitors food and drink, for example,

    تفضل صحة وهنا؛ بالهناء والشفاء

  • exploring the importance of music and traditional dance in some Arabic cultures as an expression of identity and emotions, for example,

    الدبكة الفلسطنية والعراقية؛ والرقص الفلكلوري

  • exploring words or expressions commonly used in informal Australian interactions, and deciding how to interpret or explain them to young Arabic speakers, for example, ‘mate’, ‘fair dinkum’

  VCARU017 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCARU014

  Identify the structure and textual features of a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts, and recognise how these contribute to meaning

  Elaborations

  • understanding that texts in Arabic can be short or long, spoken, written, digital, visual or multimodal, for example, labels, stories, signs, songs and captions
  • understanding that texts have a purpose, for example, train timetables indicate the time the train arrives or departs the station, recounts describe past events and experiences, greeting cards convey feelings, and labels tell us information about an item
  • recognising how elements of texts such as the title, layout and the size of the script all combine to make meaning
  • identifying and comparing the features of different types of texts, observing similar patterns and identifying differences, for example, the opening and the signature of an email and a letter, a description in a recount and in a diary entry
  • identifying the purpose, context and audience of a range of familiar texts, for example, songs, poems, short plays and video clips
  • comparing texts on a common topic, for example, a print report, a television report and an internet announcement about an accident, and discussing how features of texts assist in making meaning
  • describing key features of different types of texts and discussing audience and purpose, for example, a shopping list serves as a reminder to self to purchase particular items, while a permission note seeks permission to do or have something
  • analysing how different types of texts in Arabic create specific effects through the use of different language features, for example, the use of superlatives in advertisements designed to persuade, or the use of repetition for emphasis in speeches

  VCARU014 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFC096

  Participate in the viewing of recorded or live imaginative signed texts, responding through drawing, miming, gesture or modelled signs

  Elaborations

  • viewing narratives in Auslan, for example, from the Auslan Storybooks website, demonstrating understanding through drawing, gesture and modelled signs
  • responding to short expressive texts that involve the movement of people, animals or vehicles, demonstrating understanding through drawings or familiar signs
  • responding to key elements of short signed stories, for example by mimicking facial expressions or repeated signs
  • participating in interactions in Auslan that involve imaginative responses to stimuli such as cartoons using gestures, handshapes, facial expressions and simple signs to suggest what happens next in the story
  • engaging with different forms of Deaf art, such as handshape creations, and responding by creating their own piece of art on a similar theme
  • shadowing NMFs in short Auslan poems or narratives
  • retelling favourite events of an Auslan story using modelled signing
  • engaging in imaginative interactions that involve the creation of mood or momentum through repeated use of signs, handshapes and facial expressions to modify manner or intensify adjectives
  • responding to performances of Deaf poetry that evoke emotions such as sadness, fear or excitement, for example by indicating enjoyment or different personal feelings

  VCASFC096 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCASFC101

  Reflect on ways in which Auslan and associated communicative and cultural behaviours are similar to or different from other language(s) and forms of cultural expression

  Elaborations

  • comparing aspects of their lives as young deaf people with those of young hearing people as represented in digital images, video clips and narratives, for example, ways of engaging in different games and activities, exchanging stories and interacting socially at school, at home and in the community
  • discussing changes or adaptations they make to their communicative style when communicating with non-signers
  • reflecting on similarities and differences between ways of communicating in Auslan and in Australian English in different social situations, for example, ways of greeting/leave-taking, introducing people and using body language, facial expression and eye contact
  • reflecting on the need for sustained eye contact when using Auslan in order to understand a message and before teacher instructions can proceed, and considering how this may differ for hearing students in a spoken language environment
  • reflecting on language differences in forms of address in signed and spoken language, for example, using a person’s name when addressing them directly in Australian English but not in Auslan
  • examining general misconceptions that deaf people may have about hearing people and culture, for example, that hearing people hear and understand everything, or that hearing people can hear from a distance
  • reflecting on and providing possible explanations for assumptions hearing people might have about deaf people or about signed languages

  VCASFC101 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCDEU168

  Identify features of German that vary according to audience, context and purpose in familiar spoken and written texts

  Elaborations

  • identifying differences in register and style when using language in different contexts, for example, language in songs and graffiti, and teacher feedback on a test or in a formal school report
  • comparing German and English language use in similar situations and in texts with similar content such as advertisements, or student blogs about school issues
  • understanding particular functions of speech such as making a request or expressing pleasure or dissatisfaction, and considering how it is realised with different speakers (strangers, acquaintances, friends, family members), and possible consequences, including compliance, giving offence or being accepted into a group
  • recognising that different situations require different levels of politeness depending on the context and speaker, such as thanking a host parent or a peer for a gift or apologising to a teacher or a family member for being late
  • understanding that texts have different purposes (to persuade, to entertain), different audiences (children, adolescents, German speakers, Australians) and different forms (short speech, blog)
  • recognising textual conventions popular with young German speakers, such as the use of contractions, abbreviations and acronyms in text messages, for example, 4u = für dich = for you, brb = bin gleich wieder da = be right back, 8ung = Achtung!, dubido = du bist doof, sz = schreib zurück, sTn = schöner Tag noch

  VCDEU168 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCDEU016

  Recognise that German and English are related languages and that German is an important European and global language

  Elaborations

  • noticing that German and English share many words, for example, Computer, Bus, Taxi and Auto, and understanding that this is a result of historical events as well as the dynamic nature of languages
  • recognising that English and other languages have borrowed German words, for example, Hamburger, kaputt, Kindergarten, Glockenspiel and Mischmasch, and comparing how these words are pronounced by German and English speakers
  • understanding that English grammar used to be more similar to German grammar but that English has changed, for example, recognising the link between the Middle English ‘What thinkest thou?’ and Was denkst du?
  • recognising that the German language continuously borrows and adapts words and expressions from other languages, including English, for example, das Internet, die App, häppi, joggen, shoppen, simsen/texten, Stopp! and Sorry!
  • recognising that German is an official language of the ‘DACHL’ countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein) as well as in Belgium, Luxembourg and South Tyrol

  VCDEU016 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHIU067

  Apply grammatical and lexical knowledge to work out the meaning of unfamiliar words, to form and spell new ones, to create compound sentences, to recognise and use prefixes and suffixes and to develop metalanguage

  Elaborations

  • strengthening vocabulary resources related to personal, social and educational worlds
  • applying phonic and grammatical knowledge to the spelling and writing of unfamiliar words such as वाक्यविन्यास
  • creating compound and complex sentences by using conjunctions such as मैं अभी लिखूँगा ताकि समय पूरा होने से पहले लेख खत्म कर लूँ।
  • recognising the function and form of commonly used suffixes and prefixes, for example, by collecting groups of words that share a base word, such as बुद्धि, सुबुद्धि, बुद्धिमान, बुद्धिमती
  • recognising and using idiomatic expressions such as आँख का तारा
  • using numbers in fraction, multiple and collective forms, such as आधा, चौथाई, एक तिहाई, सैंकड़ों, हज़ारों, तीन गुणा
  • continuing to build metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and to organise learning resources such as verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs and adjectives
  • understanding and using basic joining (सन्धि) rules such as इ+आ = ए to achieve text cohesion
  • understanding the use of the active and passive voice according to context, for example, मैंने आपको बुलाया है। आपको बुलाया गया है।
  • using a range of tenses to describe routines and actions, for example, मैं दिल्ली जा रहा हूँ। मैं दिल्ली गया था। मैं दिल्ली जाऊँगा।
  • using adjectives in comparative structures such as राम थोड़ा लम्बा है। राधा हेमा से अधिक चतुर है।

  VCHIU067 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU012

  Recognise and use features of the Japanese sound system, including pitch, accent, rhythm and intonation

  Elaborations

  • understanding the system of Japanese sound combinations, that Japanese has five vowels and that a vowel can be attached to all consonants except ‘ん’
  • accurately pronouncing all combinations of hiragana and katakana, including voiced and unvoiced forms and all combined sounds (contractions and blends)
  • understanding that the sounds of hiragana and katakana are identical even though the associated scripts are different
  • recognising that in the copula desu and the verb suffix masu, the ‘u’ is devoiced in normal speech
  • using available combinations of katakana to experiment with the Japanese pronunciation of loan words, for example, レストラン
  • recognising the basic unit of sound in Japanese (‘mora’: モーラ or 拍), for example, こんにちは has five moras
  • becoming familiar with the rhythm of Japanese, recognising the concept of the ‘foot’ (フット) as the minimum unit of rhythm, and that one foot in Japanese consists of two moras, for example, ごちそうさま is pronounced as a three-foot word

  VCJAU012 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU191

  Investigate and compare the ecology of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages to Indigenous languages in other countries, and consider issues such as language policy, language rights, language loss, advocacy, reform and multilingualism

  Elaborations

  • investigating the social, cultural and linguistic effects of language change and/or language loss in the region
  • understanding terms used in the discussion of language revival, for example, revitalisation, reclamation, renewal
  • investigating the geographical extent of use of the language in earlier times
  • considering the future prospects of the language in the context of its current linguistic ecology
  • exploring Indigenous multilingualism in various communities, including regional varieties, Aboriginal Englishes and creoles
  • researching the impact on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in general, and on the target language in particular, of historical events, government policies, legislation and judicial processes, such as stolen generations, mission schools and advocacy
  • identifying social and government policies and practices that have impacted positively on language acquisition, for example, the performing of Welcome to Country and the Acknowledgement of Country at events, on television programs, in films, and efforts to raise the profile of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in the wider Australian community and in particular geographical regions
  • investigating the situation of indigenous languages in other countries, for example, New Zealand, Hawaii, North America, Japan, Latin America, considering issues such as language rights, language endangerment, revival and reclamation, drawing comparisons with the situation of Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages in Australia
  • researching current media debates in relation to Aboriginal languages
  • comparing word lists of languages and dialects of the region, to understand similarities and differences and identify potential opportunities for reconstruction

  VCLVU191 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language awareness