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Result list

• VCVIU169

  Understand and use elements of Vietnamese grammar to organise and elaborate on ideas and opinions, such as direct/indirect speech and verbs to express modality

  Elaborations

  • differentiating interrogative forms with tag questions and using them according to context, for example, Em thích ăn cơm chiên không? (a yes/no question to discover whether the other person likes fried rice) and Em thích ăn cơm chiên phải không? (a tag question to confirm that the other person likes fried rice)
  • recognising differences in Vietnamese and English responses to negative tag questions to avoid misinterpretation, for example, in Vietnamese the response to the question Em chưa làm bài tập về nhà phải không? (‘You haven’t done your homework, have you?’) would be Dạ phải. Em chưa làm (‘YES, I haven’t’), while in English it would be ‘NO, I haven’t’
  • recognising the purpose and effect of exclamatory sentences as opposed to statements, for example, the statement Hôm nay Lan đi học sớm simply states that Lan came to school early today, while the exclamatory sentence Hôm nay Lan đi học sớm thế/vậy! may suggest surprise or irony
  • constructing a range of sentences in affirmative, negative, interrogative and imperative forms for different purposes
  • understanding the use of được and bị for positive and negative meaning, for example, Em được điểm tốt. Em được thầy cô khen. Em bị bệnh. Em bị ba mẹ la
  • understanding and using verbs to express modality such as nên (‘should’), cần (‘need to’) and phải (‘must’), for example, Các em nên chăm học. Chúng ta cần không khí để thở, thức ăn để ăn và nhà để ở. Học sinh phải mặc đồng phục khi đi học
  • using direct speech, for example, Ba mẹ nói với tôi: ‘Con nên chăm học’, and indirect speech, for example, Ba mẹ bảo tôi nên chăm học, to relate ideas, opinions, actions and events
  • using a range of expressions for indefinite quantities, for example, hàng ngàn, triệu triệu, vô số, hàng hà sa số, biết bao nhiêu là …
  • exploring homonyms encountered in texts, for example, bò (‘cow’ or ‘to crawl’), ăn (‘eat’ or ‘win’), đỗ/đậu (‘pass the exam’ or ‘bean’), bàn (‘table’ or ‘discuss’), lợi (‘benefit’ or ‘gum’), đen (‘black’ or ‘unlucky’)
  • recognising the features of alliteration in Vietnamese, for example, vui vẻ, mát mẻ, lanh lợi, and using them in own spoken and written texts
  • explaining to peers the meaning of common idioms and proverbs, for example, tiền rừng bạc biển, mò kim đáy biển<; đói cho sạch, rách cho thơm

  VCVIU169 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU173

  Analyse the ways in which choices in language use reflect cultural ideas and perspectives, and reflect on how what is considered acceptable in communication varies across cultures

  Elaborations

  • comparing cultural elements reflected in language use and social norms such as body language, volume of voice, or the use of personal space and silence in different cultural contexts and exchanges
  • recognising that some Vietnamese social behaviours, for example, not saying ‘thanks’ or ‘sorry’, and not opening gifts straight away in front of guests, may be misinterpreted by Australians as a lack of courtesy
  • identifying Vietnamese and Australian cultural practices, concepts, values and beliefs presented in diverse situations and contexts, for example, everyday conversations, television programs, films, documentaries, musical performances, folk tales and short stories
  • comparing details from a range of texts about special occasions and ceremonies, and discussing culture-specific terms and representations
  • explaining cultural references in Vietnamese folk and contemporary literature, for example, mừng tuổi, xông đất, trầu cau
  • exploring the various ways Vietnamese and Australian cultures are representated such as in depictions of scenery or icons, costumes, foods, social behaviours, gestures and language, for example, tô phở/chai nước mắm, nón lá/áo dài, folding hands/bowing head and use of dạ/thưa may represent Vietnam while the Sydney Opera House, a boomerang, shaking hands, and terms like ‘fair dinkum’ may be used to represent Australia

  VCVIU173 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCVIU171

  Understand how language use differs between spoken and written texts, and depends on participants, relationships and the purpose and mode of delivery

  Elaborations

  • comparing spoken and written texts, for example, a spoken advertisement and a print advertisement, or an oral conversation and an email, and explaining how mode relates to linguistic structures and features and how this affects meaning
  • reflecting on ways in which tone varies according to setting and context, for example, the same sentence may be spoken in different tones (friendly/unfriendly, respectful/ironical)
  • recognising and analysing differences between language use in formal interviews and speeches and that in everyday conversations, such as Bạn có thể vui lòng cho biết ý kiến của bạn về vấn đề này? versus Bạn nghĩ sao về chuyện này? or Xin chào cô và các bạn versus Lan nè/Ê Lan, khỏe không?, and comparing informal classroom interactions on a current event or issue with discussions on the same topic on news and current-affairs programs
  • understanding how to convert informal spoken language (ai cũng biết hết) into formal register to suit particular purposes and audiences, and experimenting with formal expressions such as mọi người đều biết, như các bạn đã biết
  • recognising how language use, such as the level of politeness, reflects the relationship of the participants and the purpose of the speaker or writer, for example, close friends tend to use informal language (tao, mày), while new acquaintances interact more formally (tôi, bạn)

  VCVIU171 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIU016

  Recognise the dynamic nature of the Vietnamese language and how it has changed over time through interaction with other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • recognising that many Vietnamese words are borrowed from other languages such as French, for example, ba lê (‘ballet’), cà phê (‘café’), da-ua (‘yaourt’), căn-tin (‘cantine’) and gara (‘garage’), and particularly from Chinese, for example, hoàng thượng/sư phụ
  • identifying and explaining changes in contemporary language practices and social behaviours, for example, using less formal language (such as chào/thưa or chào/kính thưa) and gestures (such as nodding head or shaking hands instead of bowing head and folding arms) when greeting family members and friends rather than strangers
  • recognising and understanding new and borrowed words, phrases and concepts that have been created or incorporated as a result of contact with other cultures, for example, kimono, koala, sushi, pizza, mì Ý (pasta), bánh mì kẹp thịt (hamburger), thức ăn nhanh (fast food)
  • recognising the influence of English language and culture on own Vietnamese language use, including writing Vietnamese names in the English way (Lan Nguyen instead of Nguyễn Thanh Lan); using or mixing English with Vietnamese in daily interactions, such as Bạn làm homework chưa? Sorry! Thank you.

  VCVIU016 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIU170

  Expand understanding of how different types of texts are structured and employ particular language features to suit different audiences, contexts and purposes

  Elaborations

  • analysing different types of texts, such as recipes, profiles, songs, poems, stories, recounts, reports, advertisements or conversations, to identify audience, purpose, structure and language techniques
  • examining structural features of informal text types, for example, dates on letters, postcards and diary entries
  • exploring the way content is developed in different types of texts, and how ideas and information are structured, for example, headings, paragraphs, topic sentences, elaborations, topic/idea shifts
  • identifying and comparing language features of different types of texts, for example, use of first person point of view and descriptive and emotive language in personal recounts and diary entries
  • recognising linguistic choices made to vary texts according to their intended audience and degree of formality, for example, changing personal pronouns or tone to indicate changes in relationship between participants or degree of (in)formality

  VCVIU170 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU012

  Recognise the features of the Vietnamese sound and writing system, including tones and tone markers, and explore Vietnamese pronunciation and spelling rules

  Elaborations

  • exploring the Vietnamese alphabet, identifying letters that have no equivalent in the English alphabet, such as ă, â, ê, ô, ơ, ư and đ, and vice versa (f, w, z)
  • reading, listening to and reproducing Vietnamese words with different tone markers, recognising that Vietnamese is a tonal language, and understanding that pitch changes affect the meaning of a word, for example, ma (‘ghost’), mà (‘but’/‘that’), má (‘mother’), mả (‘grave’), mã (‘horse’), mạ (‘rice seedling’)
  • listening to, reading and reproducing Vietnamese words with the same monophthongs or diphthongs, for example, đi thi, bà già, mai, nai, vài bài, developing awareness of sound–letter relationships to establish concepts of Vietnamese spelling rules
  • identifying words with the same syllables, including monophthongs, diphthongs and triphthongs, for example, nho nhỏ, đo đỏ, ngày nay, máy may, người người cười tươi, when listening to songs and reading poems
  • differentiating between consonant blends that are pronounced similarly such as ch and tr, d and gi, s and x, for example, che chở versus cây tre; hung dữ versus giữ nhà; cá sấu versus xấu quá
  • understanding and applying spelling rules for special cases such as the initial consonant k and consonant clusters kh, gh, ngh can go with the vowels i, e, ê only, for example, kể, khi, nghỉ, ghe, nghe, nghề, and rules relating to middle tone markers dấu hỏi and dấu ngã for Vietnamese alliterations (ngang, sắc, hỏi and huyền, ngã, nặng), such as in mát mẻ, vui vẻ; bẽ bàng, hờ hững
  • applying Vietnamese spelling rules, including adding or changing initial consonants, vowels or tone markers, to form new words, for example, đi thi, bà già, hai tai, mười người, ba và bà, no nê, thủ thỉ, nho nhỏ, nho đỏ, gió to, tươi cười
  • identifying similarities in the Vietnamese pronunciation of Chinese, French and English loan words such as sư phụ, toilet, gara, tivi, video

  VCVIU012 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU013

  Develop knowledge of common grammatical elements and structures such as nouns, personal pronouns, adjectives, verbs, compound words, adverbs of frequency, conjunctions, statements, negations and questions, to describe events, actions and qualities of people and objects, and to express courtesy...

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Vietnamese has multiple words for personal pronouns, for example, con, cháu, em and tôi can be used to indicate both first and second person depending on relationships
  • using appropriate terms of address for diverse speakers in different contexts, for example, ông, bà, anh, chị, em
  • understanding that personal pronouns in Vietnamese do not change according to their grammatical function as in English, for example, Anh ta biết tôi nhưng tôi không biết anh ta (‘He knows me but I don’t know him’)
  • exploring and using pluralisation of nouns, for example, hai cái áo (‘two shirts’), những/nhiều/các ngôi nhà (‘houses’), making connections and comparisons between Vietnamese and English
  • understanding the position of nouns and adjectives in Vietnamese compared to English, for example, một học sinh giỏi versus ‘a good student’
  • using concrete nouns related to self, family, home, school and the local environment, including loan words from other languages, for example, thức ăn, quần áo, gia đình, cha mẹ, trường học, học sinh, thầy cô, bạn bè, chợ, nhà hàng, trạm xe lửa, tivi, game, internet, email, canteen, gara sale, online shopping, sushi, pizza, McDonald, chocolate, cà rốt, ya-ua, nhẩm xà/yumcha
  • using adjectives to describe the appearance and personality of people, places, events, actions and objects, for example, già, trẻ, rộng lớn, chật hẹp, quan trọng, thú vị, anh hùng, mắc, rẻ, tốt, xấu
  • exploring and using synonyms, for example, chăm chỉ = siêng năng; ngăn nắp = gọn gàng, and antonyms, for example, tốt ≠ xấu; mới ≠ cũ; ngày ≠ đêm; nóng ≠ lạnh
  • recognising and using Vietnamese prefixes such as vô and bất to form antonyms, for example, lễ phép ≠ vô phép; có duyên ≠ vô duyên; lịch sự ≠ bất lịch sự; cẩn thận ≠ bất cẩn
  • using adverbs to modify verbs and adjectives, and to indicate time, for example, chạy nhanh, học giỏi, hát hay, đẹp lắm, hay quá, hôm qua, ngày mai, tuần rồi, tháng tới
  • experimenting with the use of prepositions (trên, dưới, trong, ngoài, ở giữa), for example, ở trên trời, ở trên bàn, ở dưới đất, ở nhà, ở thành phố, ở ngoài đường
  • recognising possessive cases using formation of noun + pronoun/noun or của, for example, ba mẹ (của) tôi, anh/chị (của) tôi, nhà/trường/lớp (của) tôi
  • using some honorific words to express courtesy, for example, dạ, dạ thưa, kính thưa, kính chào
  • joining words, phrases and sentences using common simple conjunctions, for example, Tôi và bạn, Cuối tuần bạn thường đi bơi hay đi xem phim? Tôi thích ăn phở nhưng chị tôi thích ăn mì
  • understanding that Vietnamese does not conjugate verbs according to number, gender and/or tense, for example, Tôi/Bạn tôi thích phim hoạt họa
  • understanding and describing past, current and future events using appropriate terms for time expressions such as đã, sẽ, đang, chưa, rồi, for example, Tôi ăn rồi. Tôi đã sống ở đây hai năm. Ngày mai tôi sẽ đi coi phim
  • using simple sentence structures (subject + predicate) to construct affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences, including closed and open-ended questions with ai, cái gì, gì, nào, ở đâu, thế nào, tại sao, for example, Tôi thích ăn cơm. Tôi không thích ăn cháo. Bạn thích ăn cơm không? Bạn thích ăn món gì? Tại sao bạn thích bộ phim này? Bạn thích ca sĩ nào?
  • understanding word order in questions, noticing that question words are placed at the end of sentences in Vietnamese, for example, Tên em là gì? Nhà em ở đâu?
  • understanding and using a range of Vietnamese comparative and superlative forms, for example, đẹp, đẹp hơn, đẹp nhất
  • understanding and applying the rules of compound word formation, for example, trường + học = trường học; học + hành = học hành, to generate words for enhancing conversations
  • understanding the use of appropriate punctuation in writing, for example, full stops, commas and exclamation marks

  VCVIU013 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC233

  Create bilingual information texts for speakers of Chinese and English in Australia, recognising ‘code-switching’ and how specific vocabulary and terminology from other learning areas can be translated in different settings, such as for an expert or beginner audience

  Elaborations

  • comparing multiple ways of translating English terms and phrases into Chinese, and discussing the effectiveness and focus of these translations, for example, 苹果手机 or 爱疯
  • considering others’ responses in interactions and clarifying whether their own message has been understood as they intended, for example, 大家对这个问题还有什么疑议吗？ 不知大家还有没有什么意见和建议？
  • producing own bilingual texts, for example, explaining aspects of Chinese culture to English-speaking audiences or interpreting concepts learnt in other learning areas to help Chinese-speaking peers understand course content
  • providing further explanation of concepts that are not immediately clear to second language learners of Chinese, for example, contrasting the concept of ‘culture’ in English with Chinese 文化 (which also includes the meaning of ‘literacy’) and starting to understand other 文化 in comparative terms

  VCZHC233 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC050

  Correspond with peers and other familiar participants to plan activities, and compare opinions on and attitudes towards different cultures

  Elaborations

  • exchanging personal information via social networking sites, for example, 你是哪国人？你喜欢学习汉语吗？
  • sharing information about life in different cultural contexts, expressing ideas and opinions, for example, 中国人喜欢吃米饭，澳大利亚人喜欢吃面包，你呢？
  • sharing opinions about school or family life, including 我的学校，我的老师，我的好朋友， 我的一家人, and linking ideas to explain and support a position or view, for example, 我的姐姐喜欢音乐，也很喜欢体育； 我除了踢足球以外，还打板球。我觉得运动很有意思

  VCZHC050 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC229

  Compare how contemporary Chinese media and literature represent the notion of ‘being Chinese’ or ‘being other’, and use this knowledge to present a point of view for an identified audience

  Elaborations

  • comparing ‘being foreign’ in China and ‘being Chinese’ in Australia, for example, viewing or reading 汉语桥 performances, songs, films and fiction and discussing how Chinese-speaking foreigners are ‘celebrated’ in Chinese media
  • exploring representations of the overseas Chinese experience, both locally and globally, and the development of local Chinese identity in Australia through reading texts such as The Sojourners in Chinese translation (Zhang Wei, 2009)
  • investigating contributions made by Chinese individuals and groups in contemporary Australian culture and discussing the cultural values that are conveyed through these contributions, for example, the work of artists Ah Xian and Guan Wei, and author Sang Ye
  • exploring their own connections and responses to overseas Chinese literature, for example, the ideas and values reflected in 海外华人的文学作品 such as the song 《故乡的云》

  VCZHC229 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC054

  Create written imaginative texts to describe experiences involving imagined people and places

  Elaborations

  • collaboratively creating stories with imagined characters and settings, capturing the characters’ experiences in different cultures, for example, 《James在上海》
  • writing a creative account of an imagined experience with Chinese visitors in the local community, such as hosting a Chinese student or taking a tour group to a local sporting event
  • writing a recount of an adventure, for example, 《xxx历险记》
  • using descriptive language to set the scene and capture the reader’s imagination, for example, describing the sound of traffic and the smell of breakfast stalls on a busy morning in a Chinese town
  • exploring how alternative words can be used to convey varying attitudes and degrees of emotion towards people, places and events, for example, 我真高兴。你快乐吗？他很幸福!

  VCZHC054 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC201

  Reflect on personal responses and reactions during interactions in Chinese such as talking with a Chinese adult or interacting online with Chinese peers

  Elaborations

  • engaging with Chinese speakers through organised school activities, for example, communicating with students at a Chinese school via Skype or welcoming visitors to own school), recording moments when difficulty is experienced in communication, reflecting on the cause of the difficulty, and noticing how next interaction improves
  • observing interactions between Chinese speakers and noticing the difference word choices and use of gesture among participants
  • identifying language use in different contexts, such as a family eating out in a restaurant (for example, noticing the seating arrangement, the background environment and how dishes are ordered and presented) and discuss how this compares to one’s own experience
  • comparing how language and gesture are used to communicate in English and how these features would be understood when interacting with Chinese people; identifying how their communication style may need to be altered when conveying ideas in Chinese
  • improving language choices across cultures, such as when meeting people for the first time (for example, when being introduced to a parent’s friend);
  • comparing how the residential address in Chinese and English reflects certain values in the different cultures
  • recognising their own tendency to generalise or stereotype during interactions (for example, 地域歧), and considering questions to ask about the other person’s cultural background, being sensitive to the possibility of causing offence
  • participating in cultural events and reflecting on how cultural practices change in a different context, for example, 我们家不过中秋节，因为大家都觉得不太重要。母亲节有时候我们全家回去爷爷奶奶家一起吃饭
  • being aware of how own ideas may be perceived by others based on language choice, for example, 我妈妈不喜欢我说汉语中间夹英语，但是我和朋友经常这样说，她也经常这样说。有的时候姥姥听不懂，我就会想想全用汉语怎么说

  VCZHC201 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC085

  Express opinions about imagined characters and events seen and heard in contemporary media and performances, and create own portrayals of characters using gesture, action, stress, and modelled phrases

  Elaborations

  • watching segments of texts in Chinese, such as popular music videos from various sources of media, and expressing personal opinions, for example, 我觉得…很有意思
  • performing Chinese songs and experimenting with rhythm, voice, emotion and gesture to convey the intended sentiment and meaning of songs and rhymes and enhance performance
  • comparing stories and characters in both Chinese and Australian popular media, and exploring themes and topics that interest young people from different cultural backgrounds, such as 澳大利亚的年轻人也很喜欢看动作片。成龙很有名
  • creating short plays or skits and taking on roles in imagined scenarios such as visiting or hosting a Chinese friend, a shopping experience or a fashion show
  • assuming the role of a young Chinese person in the performance of a play about, for example, celebrating Chinese New Year
  • creating and performing a rap about learning Chinese, experimenting with voice, gesture and action to convey different emotions and attitudes, including use of word stress to alter the way meaning is expressed and interpreted, for example, exploring the implications of expressing 不要 with varying degrees of volume and emphasis

  VCZHC085 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC082

  Correspond and collaborate with peers, relating aspects of their daily experiences and arranging sporting and leisure activities

  Elaborations

  • participating in posting on a shared blog and exchanging personal information (for example, name, age, nationality, school and year level) with students from sister schools, for example, 你好，我叫Ann, 我是澳大利亚的学生
  • responding to correspondence (such as emails, letters or postcards) by answering questions, clarifying meaning (for example, 你说你想来澳大利亚， 是吗？), seeking further information (for example, 你想一月份来吗？) and addressing requests, for example, 澳大利亚一月是夏天，很热
  • using supporting images in own writing, for example, using emoticons such as >_<||| to enhance meaning in digital communication
  • using digital media to produce a bilingual publicity flier for an upcoming cultural or sporting event (for example, 汉语角), to promote Chinese learning among school community members

  VCZHC082 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC049

  Initiate and sustain interactions with peers and familiar adults to plan and arrange activities or social events in the context of the school or local community, and vary spoken language in response to the needs and demands of other participants

  Elaborations

  • participating in conversations about personal experiences, expressing opinions about what is common to these experiences, for example, 我们的老师教我们很多东西。我们都很喜欢他
  • comparing feelings about music, TV programs or sports, and asking questions to seek ideas, request repetition, clarify meaning (for example, 你喜欢看电视，不是吗？) and enhance mutual understanding, for example, A: 我不太喜欢听流行音乐，我更喜欢摇滚乐,因为摇滚乐很有意思。B: 古典音乐怎么样？古典音乐也不错
  • negotiating with peers in relation to school policies and procedures, by affirming, accepting, clarifying, suggesting and recommending, for example, 小明，明天去动物园要穿校服吗？
  • visiting Chinese-owned stores in the local area and specifying number or nature of items required; requesting, negotiating and accepting prices; and completing transactions, for example, 我们什么时候去…？， 我们去哪儿买？， 我们要买什么？
  • participating in class role-plays of shopping scenarios, including expressing opinions about quality of goods (for example, 这条红色的裤子真好看), making comparisons with the same product or service from other retailers or service providers (for example, 他要一百块，你要一百三十块), and expressing satisfaction or dissatisfaction with price, for example, 太贵了
  • negotiating with classmates to determine an appropriate gift for an overseas visitor, acknowledging ideas and opinions of others and expressing agreement (for example, 好的) or disagreement, and offering alternatives, for example, 我觉得巧克力不好，考拉拼图怎么样？

  VCZHC049 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC051

  Analyse and summarise relevant information obtained from a range of spoken sources and convey this information to known audiences through a range of texts

  Elaborations

  • documenting specific details of events, customs and lifestyles presented in multimodal sources such as video clips and face-to-face interviews in order to summarise the information, for example, 中国人很喜欢喝茶， 澳大利亚人喜欢喝咖啡
  • listening to and viewing celebrity interviews, news reports and documentaries to identify key information such as names of people and places, time and date, attitude and opinions, for example, 秦始皇，西安，北京， 星期三，…很可怕，我很喜欢她，她是一个很棒的演员
  • listening to and viewing factual spoken texts and paying attention to voice, gesture and language choice to identify the strength of opinion or degree of emotion expressed, for example, recognising strong dislike expressed in 我一点儿也不喜欢 compared to 我不喜欢
  • interviewing teachers or other familiar adults about their experiences (for example, 他小时候每天都骑自行车) and presenting this information to the class, quoting the source of information [有人说；她告诉我；根据这个节目介绍

  VCZHC051 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC228

  Use and analyse a range of sources written in simplified and traditional script to identify relevant information, and use this information to create purposeful public information texts

  Elaborations

  • accessing diverse sources such as blogs and social media, newspaper articles and educational texts, and discussing the relevance and credibility of information conveyed, for example, comparing information presented in blogs with newspaper articles
  • recognising multiple perspectives on an issue and identifying the factors that may influence a particular perspective (for example, nationality, religion, gender, ethnicity) to determine the perspective or credibility of sources
  • evaluating how different authors use language to achieve a particular effect, considering how values and personal views are implied in word choices, for example, 屡败屡战 (emphasis on the determination to overcome a failure) versus 屡战屡败 (emphasis on the fact of many instances of failure)
  • accessing information related to understanding their own experiences as Chinese students in Australia by searching both Australian and overseas digital media, such as 百度百科，雅虎等网站 to develop advice and supports for new students arriving at their school
  • accessing and organising information on educational and social topics, using techniques such as paraphrasing, summarising and quoting, and expressing own perspective on the information obtained, for example, 有些人认为…， 另一些人则认为…， 综上所述…

  VCZHC228 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC088

  Interpret common colloquial phrases and culturally specific practices from Chinese contexts into Australian contexts and vice versa, identifying contextual restraints and considering alternatives

  Elaborations

  • watching interactions in Chinese between peers or in texts (for example, viewing a segment of a movie), and interpreting the meaning of the dialogue as well as comparing culturally determined manners or behaviour
  • interpreting key ideas from Chinese to English with explanation of the context and the use of fixed phrases, for example, discussing what Chinese parents would say to their child when dropping them off at school as the Chinese version of ‘Have a good day’ (听老师的话，不要调皮); what is the English version of 加油; and why people say 加油 at a Chinese sports event
  • explaining key cultural concepts and practices to English speakers through translation, for example: Do we translate 春节 as ‘Spring Festival’ or ‘Chinese New Year’? Why is 端午节 called ‘dragon boat festival’ in English? Does this translation capture the essence of this celebration? What is lost in translation? What are similar examples in English?
  • considering how aspects of life in Australia that are culturally determined or reflect culture-specific behaviours may be rendered in Chinese, such as Anzac Day, Australia Day, the Ashes cricket

  VCZHC088 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC197

  Interact with and express opinions on a range of imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • viewing segments of texts such as popular music videos in Chinese from various sources of media, such as Pop Asia on SBS, and expressing personal opinions, for example, 我觉得…很有意思
  • comparing stories and characters in Chinese and Australian popular media and identifying the themes and topics that interest young people from different cultural backgrounds, for example, 澳大利亚的年轻人也很喜欢看动作片
  • reading short texts such as comics and cartoons, and identifying words, phrases and expressions the author has used to capture characters’ emotions and reactions, for example, euphemistic phrases such as 真的吗？真倒霉！哎呀！
  • reading extracts from culturally significant Chinese children’s literature, discussing their personal responses to the characters and storyline, and relating the story to personal experience or expressing empathy for characters
  • reading jokes or cartoons in Chinese, discussing how humour is conveyed through words and the presentation of ideas, and comparing with humour in English, discussing whether ‘entertainment’ means the same thing in different languages and cultures
  • reading children’s literature, including fables and traditional stories, exploring values and morals such as the concept of 寓意 in 动画片，小人书, and comparing values and morals conveyed through texts across cultures, for example, 凿壁偷光，塞翁失马 （你能找到英语中类似的说法吗？ 你觉得这个故事的寓意在澳大利亚有意义吗？）

  VCZHC197 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC087

  Translate simple texts from Chinese to English and vice versa, identifying words and phrases in Chinese that do not readily translate into English, using contextual cues, action and gesture to assist translation

  Elaborations

  • translating English texts into Chinese, focusing on overall meaning, and identifying how best to interpret key words, for example, the use of 是 after first-, second- and third-person pronouns; numbers with measure words; possessives with 的; plurals
  • identifying Chinese symbols in print and digital texts (for example, the longevity symbol), and developing ways to include the culturally attached value when expressing the meaning of these symbols in English
  • learning how to look up unfamiliar characters and words in bilingual dictionaries, and experimenting with different online dictionaries and translation tools to investigate how specific meanings are rendered into English
  • translating public texts in Chinese (for example, signs in shops and restaurants) into English and explaining their possible meaning and purpose, for example, translating the sign 休息中 on an unlit shop window to mean ‘closed’ instead of its literal translation, ‘resting’
  • using etiquette phrases within appropriate contexts and discussing whether the translation of 对不起 is the same across contexts, for example comparing its meaning in 对不起，让一让 and 对不起，我错了

  VCZHC087 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating