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• VCHIC101

  Discuss the nature of identity and of cultural experience, considering the relationship between the two

  Elaborations

  • discussing what identity is and how their own sense of identity is influenced by their experience of living in a multicultural society and of identifying with particular language communities
  • considering how their sense of identity changes over time, taking into account changes in language use at home, in school and in the wider community
  • discussing whether their relationships with people of different generations, gender and language backgrounds influence their ways of communicating
  • reflecting on how their own perspectives and ways of communicating may be perceived by others, for example, in relation to language choice or code-switching and to behaviours that may be perceived as ‘cultural’
  • exploring how using different languages to make meaning and drawing from varied cultural resources affects how they think, behave and communicate
  • discussing whether being bilingual and bicultural affects their sense of identity in ways that involve culture as well as language

  VCHIC101 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAC166

  Access, summarise and reorganise information obtained from a range of texts on a variety of topics, and present it in different formats

  Elaborations

  • gathering, classifying and summarising information from class surveys, realia, notices, timetables and announcements, and presenting findings in formats such as digital presentations, posters, wall charts or oral summaries
  • identifying key details, expressions and information in authentic or modified texts, for example, signs, weather reports, print advertisements, menus, packaging, brochures or websites, and using the information to create their own texts for specific purposes and audiences
  • listening for key points of information and cultural references in short spoken or recorded texts such as phone messages, announcements or weather reports, and transposing them to note form for their own reference or to communicate to others
  • collating information from sources such as magazine articles, recorded interviews or website postings about high-profile individuals or events to edit and represent in timelines or profiles on a shared database
  • drawing on content, language, images and presentation formats from a range of Japanese media resources to design posters or leaflets on topics such as environmental sustainability or youth-related issues

  VCJAC166 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCKOC179

  Compare own translation of texts with others, discussing differences and possible reasons and alternatives, and reflecting on how to make connections between meanings in different languages

  Elaborations

  • translating existing texts or texts produced by self and others into Korean and English, experimenting with unknown words or expressions, using and evaluating translation resources such as web-based translation tools and print and digital dictionaries
  • translating texts, identifying culture-specific vocabulary (for example, 세배하다, 성묘하다, 추석) and expressions (for example, 새해 복 많이 받으세요, 그림의 떡), discussing the translation process (such as possible reasons for equivalence/non-equivalence), choosing ‘best fit’ words or omitting words
  • paraphrasing or annotating words or expressions where equivalence is not possible, discussing their original meanings and how to convey them (for example, 정들었어요, ‘mufti day’)
  • comparing different versions of translations, reflecting on the differences in translation of the same text and identifying possible reasons for such differences

  VCKOC179 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCKOC011

  Reflect on own identity, including identity as a user and learner of Korean, comparing observations made about experiences over time

  Elaborations

  • communicating / sharing information about own identities in terms of cultural background and personal and social experience, using declarative and descriptive statements, for example, 저는중국계 호주 사람이에요; (저는) 한국어하고 스페인어를 해요; (저는) … 회원이에요
  • preparing information to exchange with Korean-speaking students, such as a class profile showing cultural backgrounds, languages used in the home, interests and values, and using resources such as photos, captions, quotes and symbols
  • sharing ideas about how cultural aspects embedded in or accompanying Korean language use might be perceived differently in different cultures, for example, politeness, terms of address, and gestures such as bowing when greeting older people, using fingers when counting, or pointing with the index finger
  • sharing feelings or ideas on the reciprocal benefits of learning and knowing each other’s language and culture, for example, mutual understanding and friendship between themselves and peers from a Korean background

  VCKOC011 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCKOC009

  Create bilingual texts that refer to experiences, objects or events commonly encountered in both Australian and Korean contexts, considering how easily words or expressions translate and why some are more difficult to translate than others

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual resources such as picture dictionaries or photo stories, including those in digital form, with bilingual captions and labels, for example, comparing photos of Korean and Australian classrooms for exchange students to each country and highlighting differences in the arrangement of furniture and wall displays
  • designing bilingual signage, for example, names of school facilities for school maps (화장실, 매점, 교실, 음악실, 수영장, …), explaining how well the translated labels represent the attributes of their designated items
  • creating and using bilingual texts, including those in digital form, for specific audiences (for example, a Big Book or game for young learners of Korean, invitations to a class event or posters for a performance), noticing how meanings need to be tailored to take account of intended audience and cultural perspectives

  VCKOC009 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCLVC181

  Translate and interpret texts from the language to English and vice versa, comparing their versions and considering how to explain elements that involve cultural knowledge or understanding

  Elaborations

  • translating and interpreting texts from the language to English and vice versa, comparing own interpretations with those of others and discussing what differs and why
  • translating and interpreting texts such as narratives, song lyrics, dialogues or posters, considering how to explain elements that involve cultural knowledge or understanding, and using resources such as dictionaries and grammars
  • using and explaining words and expressions that do not easily translate into English and considering choices made when conveying equivalent meaning in English
  • identifying and explaining concepts, practices and expressions in the language which do not easily translate into English, for example, the number system, terms for colour, language associated with time, daily and seasonal cycles, kinship terms
  • understanding and applying culturally appropriate and ethical behaviour when interpreting and translating

  VCLVC181 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCLVU186

  Expand vocabulary and understand and use a range of vocabulary sets and grammatical structures that are available in the language

  Elaborations

  • understanding case and case marking on nouns, pronouns and adjectives
  • explaining how verbs can be derived from nouns and vice versa, comparing with similar processes in English and other known languages
  • composing and varying messages according to the available resources of the language, such as:
    • suffixes, including ‘having’, ‘for want of’, ‘similar to’, ‘like’
    • verbless sentences, for example, equative, descriptive, possessive
    • verb categories, including intransitive, transitive, causative, inchoative, reflexive–reciprocal
    • verb aspect, including continuous, transitory, perfective, imperfective
    • verb-stem morphology, including compound verbs, reduplicated verbs, habitual/characteristic, derivation (nouns into verbs)
  • expressing time, manner, attitude and place, according to the available language resources, such as:
    • elaborations of past tense
    • temporal expressions, for example, ‘beforehand’, ‘afterwards’, ‘too late’, ‘originally’
    • expressions of frequency, immediacy and duration, for example, ‘persistently’, ‘at once’, ‘a few times’, ‘for a while’
    • attitudinal words, particles and interjections, for example, terms expressing endearment, embarrassment, shame or pity
    • locational cases as used in locative phrases, and extensions of these, for example, expressing origin or causation
  • structuring and linking clauses, focusing on issues of agreement with transitive and intransitive verbs, using verb-linking devices, for example, serialisation and embedding
  • discussing lexical and grammatical relationships between the language and other languages of the region, for example, common words and structures
  • discussing grammatical and lexical contrasts between the language and English/ other known languages, for example, the figurative use of language, vocabulary associated with specialised domains

  VCLVU186 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC195

  Locate and organise key points of information from a range of familiar sources

  Elaborations

  • applying knowledge of the world and their own experience to assist understanding of the meaning of texts, such as by discussing topics studied in other learning areas and exploring related Chinese texts, for example, understanding 黄山归来不看岳 by connecting knowledge or experience of visiting 黄山
  • making connections between images and charts and the content of texts, and identifying key words to locate information, for example, in the chapter headings of a book
  • listing possible resources before undertaking a research project and giving reasons for why these resources might be useful
  • listening for structural cues such as signposting, and considering images, music and voice to enhance understanding of key ideas conveyed, for example, identify changes in tone of voice and pacing to indicate potential danger or a sense of urgency
  • experimenting with different note-taking strategies when listening, for example, noting key words in Pinyin and recording numbers using Arabic numerals
  • listening to or viewing public information texts such as weather forecasts and announcements and identifying specific information and key words, for example, 点, 度,米, 公里,元/块
  • viewing texts such as a cooking program and answering questions from classmates on key procedures and main ingredients, for example, 蚂蚁上树没有蚂蚁。树是粉丝，蚂蚁是猪肉
  • obtaining the gist or specific information when listening to a flow of words by focusing on familiar, predictable items, and identifying aspects of voice, gesture or language choice that convey varying degrees of enthusiasm or dislike, for example, 我一点儿也不喜欢… compared to 我不喜欢…
  • collating information and ideas to present to others using various tools and charts and with consideration of the relevance, organisation and sequencing of information, for example, considering: What is the best way to introduce the topic? What do they want the audience to remember? What is the main message being communicated?
  • representing information to others by restating key phrases and explaining reasons for actions and feelings, for example, 她很高兴, 因为…

  VCZHC195 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFC061

  Create imaginative and expressive texts that draw from their experience as Auslan users and members of the Deaf community and which support the experience of younger learners

  Elaborations

  • composing and performing soliloquies that capture elements of the Deaf experience in a hearing world
  • creating resources to support younger learners of Auslan, such as signed versions of games such as ‘Guess Who?’, riddles, treasure hunts or amusing tales
  • creating imaginative texts that present abstract ideas, such as hope, inclusion, friendship, in creative or amusing ways
  • creating an Auslan version of a popular song, using elements of all parameters to convey key messages and nuance emotional expression
  • creating a piece of art, such as a drawing, painting or photo collage, that reflects their experience of living in and moving between the Deaf and hearing worlds
  • engaging with the work of Deaf theatre groups such as the Australian Theatre of the Deaf, using elements of performances as models for their own experimentation with signed theatre
  • creating a performance for a school or Deaf festival based on the lives of celebrated or historical members of the Deaf community
  • presenting a short story based on their own experience of being a deaf student in a hearing school community, incorporating key elements of narrative structure, such as character introduction, problem/conflict, resolution
  • re-creating a theatre set from a two-dimensional image using signed space

  VCASFC061 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCDEC158

  Convey information and ideas on different topics, issues and events, describing and comparing views, perspectives and experiences, and using modes of presentation to suit different audiences

  Elaborations

  • presenting information and ideas using language appropriate to text type and topics or themes, such as using reflective language in diary and journal entries, persuasive language in advertisements, emotive images and captions to highlight issues such as Kinderrechte, or rap rhythms and punchlines to engage with controversial ideas or provoke reactions
  • contrasting aspects of everyday life past and present, for example, Heute haben wir Twitter und Facebook. Damals gab es nur die Post.
  • organising and presenting information to raise awareness or invite action in relation to social or community issues, using multimodal forms of presentation such as sound and visual images or websites with hyperlinks
  • classifying information obtained from different print and electronic resources in a shared database of categories, themes and genres, showing relationships between ideas, topics and key vocabulary
  • combining modes of presentation such as displays, videos or music to compare social and cultural themes, for example, Australien und Asien/Deutschland und Europa im 21. Jahrhundert

  VCDEC158 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCDEC157

  Access, summarise and analyse information and opinions from a range of sources relating to topical issues of shared interest

  Elaborations

  • accessing and using print and online resources such as dictionaries, grammar references and encyclopaedias to support understanding of texts
  • analysing and summarising information and viewpoints on a range of issues, such as information from a television news report about social media, a documentary on early German settlement in Australia, or an interview with an older German speaker on the topic of her/his Kindheit und Jugend, using tools such as guided note-taking, timelines and/or concept maps
  • accessing, collating and summarising information on youth-related issues such as Musik, Schulsport or Fernsehen from sources such as the internet, magazines and personal communications
  • collecting information on topics related to lifestyle choices, explaining changes in focus and perspective over different periods, for example, Rauchen oder nicht?
  • researching young people’s lifestyles across German-speaking cultures and contexts, comparing information from different cultural contexts to identify the influence of factors such as geography, climate, and social and community environment, for example, Wintersport, Reiseziele

  VCDEC157 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCDEC011

  Reflect on experiences of learning and using another language, and share aspects of own identity, such as age, interests and family background, reflecting on how these impact on intercultural exchange

  Elaborations

  • sharing ideas about the experience of learning and using German, including any perceived changes in levels of confidence, or in attitudes to culture and intercultural communication, for example, ‘How did I feel when I first heard/spoke German? How do I feel now?’
  • preparing a class profile to exchange with German-speaking students, showing cultural backgrounds, languages used in the home, interests and values, and using resources such as photos, captions, quotes and symbols
  • annotating a family tree with information about family members, such as significant places or languages spoken, identifying own heritage (Ich bin Australier/-in. Mein Opa kommt aus Griechenland.), and reflecting on how own background has shaped identity
  • participating in a discussion in English about an aspect of identity, for example, considering the impact of a school uniform on personal identity and exploring how German students might view wearing a school uniform
  • comparing aspects of identity that may be important across cultures, such as state, country, ethnic group, language, religion, age, gender, and position in family

  VCDEC011 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCDTDI039

  Manage, create and communicate interactive ideas, information and projects collaboratively online, taking safety and social contexts into account

  Elaborations

  • discussing how different social contexts affect participation in global virtual spaces, for example considering the use of language, acronyms and humour, and providing opportunities for each team member to express their opinions on their own terms
  • organising the instructions and files in readiness for the development of a solution, for example applying a file name convention such as author initials, version and date to all data files that are going to be used to create solutions
  • creating a web-based project that involves modifying an existing website template or writing HTML and cascading style sheets (CSS), for example using web-authoring software and CSS to create a website that allows customers to interact with an enterprising solution, such as purchasing an item
  • devising and applying protocols to manage the collaborative creation of solutions, for example planning to use cloud computing to store common files and establishing virtual meetings that acknowledge time zone differences
  • organising the timeline, resources, file naming conventions, back-up measures and sequence of tasks required to collaboratively create solutions that meet specified needs

  VCDTDI039 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Data and Information

• VCELC162

  Create bilingual texts in Greek and English, such as menus, posters or brochures on the same theme or event

  Elaborations

  • working individually and collaboratively to create bilingual resources for the home and school environments, such as glossaries, signage, recipes and menus, for example, Το μενού της ημέρας
  • creating English subtitles, footnotes, captions or commentaries for texts such as brochures, video clips, or advertisements that inform the school community about aspects of Greek culture, for example, attending a festival, Ελάτε με την παρέα σας, dining at a Greek restaurant, μεζέδες, ορεκτικά, επιδόρπιο
  • creating glossaries, tourist brochures or itineraries for English-speaking travellers to Greece or Cyprus including and explaining key words, phrases and protocol, for example, Πρόγραμμα εκδρομής, δίκλινα/τρίκλινα δωμάτια, ξεναγός, the meaning of πρωινό, μεσημεριανό φαγητό, βραδινό φαγητό in terms of meeting time
  • creating vocabulary lists and annotated cultural explanations for Greek-speaking visitors to events such as Australian sports days or family events, explaining culturally specific elements, for example, Australian Rules football final, Anzac Day, Harmony Day, barbeque

  VCELC162 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCESC164

  Engage in collaborative tasks, activities and experiences that involve negotiation, making arrangements, problem-solving and transacting

  Elaborations

  • planning and participating in learning experiences such as preparing a class outing or community performance or shopping for a lunch, stating preferences, negotiating, considering alternatives and agreeing or disagreeing, for example, Prefiero no ir a la playa contigo, Tengo ganas de ir al cine…Estoy de acuerdo contigo… Estoy en desacuerdo contigo…
  • participating in situations that involve transactions and the exchange of ideas and preferences, for example, arranging to host students on an exchange program or returning damaged articles
  • engaging in collaborative projects such as designing a web page or making a short documentary about a subject such as Mi comunidad
  • planning and completing tasks that involve asking for, giving and following directions to real or virtual locations (siga derecho... toma el bus hasta el lago… gira a la izquierda…), using resources such as digital devices, apps, street maps or directories

  VCESC164 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRC059

  Organise and present information and ideas on different topics, issues or events, comparing perspectives and experiences

  Elaborations

  • organising and presenting information to raise awareness or invite action in relation to social or community issues, using multimodal forms of presentation such as sound and visual images or websites with hyperlinks
  • classifying information obtained from different print and electronic resources in a shared database of categories, themes and genres, showing relationships between ideas, topics and key language
  • presenting findings related to the investigation of a social or cultural issue (for example, la mode et les codes vestimentaires: l’influence des marques), summarising opinions and attitudes collected from surveys, interviews or media sources
  • conveying information and ideas by matching language features and text types to topics and themes, for example, using emotive images and captions to highlight issues such as la faim or l’égalité des sexes, or rap rhythms and punchlines to engage with controversial ideas or provoke reactions
  • combining modes of presentation such as displays, videos or music to explore social and cultural themes, for example, l’Australie et les régions asiatiques, or le multiculturalisme

  VCFRC059 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCFRC062

  Translate and interpret texts, compare own translation to classmates’, and consider why there might be differences in interpretation and how language reflects elements of culture

  Elaborations

  • interpreting phrases and expressions that do not translate literally (for example, à tout à l’heure, pas de quoi, courage), identifying similar English expressions and considering possible consequences of the lack of equivalence in terms of intercultural communication
  • translating written expressions associated with politeness and social protocols in French (for example, responding to requests or thanks, or signing postcards or birthday cards: je vous en prie, Madame; amitiés; je t’embrasse très fort…) and comparing with typical expressions in similar messages in English
  • using and evaluating translation resources such as electronic translators and print and digital dictionaries, including monolingual French dictionaries, using prompt questions such as: Does this represent the exact meaning? What other ways could this be interpreted?
  • collecting examples of faux amis (for example, assister à, demander, un médecin, extra, sympathique) and of inaccurate translations of public signs or notices
  • becoming increasingly aware of the fact that some words and expressions cannot be translated and are used in their original form in other languages (for example, ‘nuance’, ‘chic’, ‘silhouette’), and considering the impact of word borrowing on the style and effect of communication

  VCFRC062 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCFRC101

  Notice own and others’ ways of expressing identity, and consider the relationship between language, culture and identity

  Elaborations

  • talking about own identities in terms of cultural background and personal and social experience, using declarative and descriptive statements, for example, je suis australien d’origine italienne; je parle vietnamien et anglais; je suis membre de l’équipe…
  • preparing a class profile to exchange with French-speaking students, showing cultural backgrounds, languages used in the home, interests and values, and using resources such as photos, captions, quotes and symbols
  • considering the impact of stereotypes on how texts are understood and intercultural experiences interpreted
  • sharing personal reactions and feelings when using French, using prompts such as: Am I the same ‘me’ when speaking French? Does my identity change? How do I feel when…?
  • observing others’ ways of communicating, identifying elements of language or behaviour that might be unfamiliar to people from different cultures or communities, for example, ways of addressing people and expressing wishes, rituals associated with school sports, and the use of body language

  VCFRC101 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIC062

  Translate a range of short texts used in different contexts from Hindi into English and vice versa, comparing each other’s versions and how they translated elements that involve cultural knowledge and understanding

  Elaborations

  • translating popular Hindi proverbs or lines of poems into English, considering how to adapt or adjust them to convey equivalent meanings in English, for example, गंगा गए तो गंगादास जमना गए तो जमनादास; चोर की दाढ़ी में तिनका
  • translating school or community texts such as directions, rules or notices in Hindi and English, considering how each language reflects cultural styles, for example, the use of words like निवेदन in a formal request and कृपया गंदगी न फैलाएँ in public notices
  • translating media texts such as appeals, slogans or advertisements from Hindi to English or vice versa, noticing how each language uses elements such as verb moods or emotive language for particular effect: सारी धरती की यह पुकार, पर्यावरण का करो सुधार; जागो ग्राहक जागो
  • translating short excerpts from traditional fables and legends, identifying words and expressions that reflect cultural values or history and are difficult to express in English, for example, गृहप्रवेश, सात्विक, भक्ति
  • critically evaluating the effectiveness of resources such as print and digital dictionaries and electronic translators, for example, by comparing individual translations, back-translating or swapping references

  VCHIC062 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC094

  Access and identify specific points of information such as details about people, places or events from a range of spoken, written and digital texts and use the information in new ways

  Elaborations

  • collecting information from print and digital sources on social or environmentally related events, recording key facts and associated vocabulary for use in their own projects, for example, प्रदूषण एवं पर्यावरण; स्वच्छ भारत; गंगा नदी की सफ़ाई; स्वच्छ ऑस्ट्रेलिया दिवस
  • collecting information via surveys or face-to-face conversations with friends and family members on questions related to social behaviours or trends, such as preferred modes of communication, for example, फ़ोन; ईमेल; आमने सामने बातचीत; टेक्स्टिंग, compiling a summary of findings in table or graph form
  • listening to recordings of phone conversations, announcements or radio interviews, transcribing key facts or details such as dates, times, events or locations in note form or through checklists or timelines
  • accessing information from videos, books and websites produced in different cultural contexts on topics such as family life, community living, housing or schooling, summarising and reporting back on key trends and cultural factors
  • collecting facts, figures and vocabulary from resources such as posters, websites and brochures, and using them to draft a position for an in-class discussion of a topic such as healthy lifestyles, benefits of travel or animal protection
  • presenting an oral summary of an action or event reported in the media, using appropriate register, language features and non-verbal language to capture key elements and engage audience interest

  VCHIC094 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing