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• VCZHC088

  Interpret common colloquial phrases and culturally specific practices from Chinese contexts into Australian contexts and vice versa, identifying contextual restraints and considering alternatives

  Elaborations

  • watching interactions in Chinese between peers or in texts (for example, viewing a segment of a movie), and interpreting the meaning of the dialogue as well as comparing culturally determined manners or behaviour
  • interpreting key ideas from Chinese to English with explanation of the context and the use of fixed phrases, for example, discussing what Chinese parents would say to their child when dropping them off at school as the Chinese version of ‘Have a good day’ (听老师的话，不要调皮); what is the English version of 加油; and why people say 加油 at a Chinese sports event
  • explaining key cultural concepts and practices to English speakers through translation, for example: Do we translate 春节 as ‘Spring Festival’ or ‘Chinese New Year’? Why is 端午节 called ‘dragon boat festival’ in English? Does this translation capture the essence of this celebration? What is lost in translation? What are similar examples in English?
  • considering how aspects of life in Australia that are culturally determined or reflect culture-specific behaviours may be rendered in Chinese, such as Anzac Day, Australia Day, the Ashes cricket

  VCZHC088 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCARC162

  Create bilingual texts on particular themes or events in different modes, including multimodal and digital modes, such as menus, brochures, cartoons or video clips, explaining culture-specific words and expressions, for example, by using captions and descriptions

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual subtitles, captions or commentaries for texts, such as brochures in print and digital formats, digital presentations or digital video clips, that inform the school community about aspects of culture in the Arabic-speaking world
  • producing bilingual texts in both Arabic and English about community events, such as promoting a concert or an interview with a celebrity on a community radio station, in print or multimedia formats, for example, posters or advertisements
  • designing menus or programs for Arabic-themed events, with key items and information in Arabic and explanatory notes in English
  • creating a short film about social interactions among different speakers of Arabic, explaining cultural elements that may vary in different parts of the Arabic-speaking world and which may be unfamiliar to English-speaking viewers

  VCARC162 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCFRC099

  Create bilingual texts and resources such as learning support materials, games or posters, deciding how to deal with elements that cannot be readily translated

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual resources such as glossaries, word banks or personal French–English dictionaries, including explanations of some idioms and expressions
  • creating bilingual texts for the school or local community (for example, posters, library displays or contributions to online forums), considering how to represent meaning for different audiences
  • creating bilingual texts for specific audiences, for example, rhymes, stories or songs for younger learners of French, invitations to a class event, or posters for a performance
  • using dictionaries and electronic translation tools to create bilingual texts such as menus, schedules or captions for photo montages, and making decisions in relation to language, audience and cultural perspectives
  • designing and maintaining a bilingual website with a sister-school or contact group of English learners in a French-speaking community, making choices about when to use French or English depending on the context, topic and nature of the interaction

  VCFRC099 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIU071

  Recognise the intercultural and multilingual nature of language use in social media and popular culture, considering how this influences aspects of their lives

  Elaborations

  • finding examples of language/behaviours associated with Indian culture that are part of everyday life in Australia, for example, words and expressions associated with religion, yoga, dance, Bollywood, food, sport
  • explaining the influence of Indian language and culture on their ways of communicating in different situations, for example, by creating a glossary of Hindi words and expressions they use when communicating in English or when thinking about themselves and their families
  • investigating different forms and functions of multilingualism in today’s society, for example, by tracking the mixing of languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and English in Bollywood scripts and song lyrics, or by creating their own hybrid-language advertisements, songs or raps, for example, Life style से तय होगा car का premium..
  • reflecting on other people’s reactions to their use of Hindi and/or English, considering how perceptions of people’s ways of communicating are shaped by cultural standpoints and perspectives

  VCHIU071 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCARC009

  Create bilingual texts such as posters, games and signs for the classroom and school community, making decisions about words and expressions that do not readily translate

  Elaborations

  • creating a digital bilingual dictionary for classroom use
  • making bilingual greeting cards for family celebrations such as Mother’s Day, using greetings in Arabic alongside English ones, for example,

    عيد أم سعيد؛ عيد أم مبارك؛ كل عام وأنت بخير؛ كل عام وأنت بألف خير؛ دمت لي سالمة

  • creating captions in Arabic and in English for a display of a class event or experience such as a sports day or school concert
  • producing a parallel bilingual word list by relating known Arabic words or expressions to English equivalents and vice versa, noticing that direct translation is sometimes inappropriate
  • designing bilingual texts such as posters or signs for class or school assembly performances, a sports carnival, displays or events
  • creating parallel lists of informal Arabic and English expressions for own use in everyday interactions with friends and family, including expressions drawn from various Arabic dialects represented within the classroom, for example, ‘see you later’, ‘no worries’
  • composing bilingual texts such as a board game or an instruction manual for a game

  VCARC009 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCFRU106

  Understand the dynamic nature of French and other languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with each other and in response to new ideas and developments in communications and technology (la mondialisation)
  • recognising that the French language continuously borrows and adapts words and expressions from other languages, including English, for example, stop! le football, le sketch, le clown; le sushi, l’origami
  • recognising that many French words are used in English and in other languages (for example, croissant, menu, ballet, chef, chauffeur), and noticing the different vocabulary areas that these words tend to belong to (such as terms relating to food and fashion) and considering possible reasons for this
  • collecting French words used in English (for example, le restaurant, le menu, le chauffeur, le ballet, la pirouette), and comparing how they are pronounced by French or English speakers
  • understanding that some languages are growing and adapting, while others (such as indigenous languages across the world) are endangered, disappearing or reviving, or blending with stronger languages

  VCFRU106 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCTRC094

  Create shared bilingual texts and learning resources such as word banks, glossaries, displays and digital presentations

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual signs or menus for the school or local environment, for example, kütüphane/library, revir/sickbay, hastahane/hospital, doktor/doctor, preparing bilingual captions for texts such as digital presentations or photographic displays for the school or local Turkish-speaking community, discussing how to convey particular concepts in the two languages
  • creating bilingual resources to support their language learning, such as glossaries for personal Turkish–English dictionaries, with examples and explanations of terms that have cultural associations and do not readily translate from one language to the other
  • designing a flyer for a class event or performance which uses Turkish and English, considering how to convey information and ideas in each language
  • developing bilingual instructional texts or directions that cater for Turkish- and English-speaking friends, family members or participants, for example, computer game instructions or information for an extended-family event
  • creating a short bilingual documentary about a local community event or locale, with narration in one language and subtitles in the other
  • creating menus or programs for Turkish-themed events, with key items/information in Turkish and explanatory footnotes/glossaries in English

  VCTRC094 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• Arabic - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use written and spoken Arabic to initiate and sustain classroom interactions with others, to exchange views, for example, السباحة رياضة ممتعة؛ أعتقد أن السفر مفيد جدا , and express feelings such as أشعر بالفرح؛ بالسعادة عندما ألعب رياضت المفضلة؛ عندما أعزف الموسيقى ....

  Level description | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Hindi - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students develop explicit knowledge of the forms and functions of language elements that some may already use fluently in their spoken language. Literacy development provides the opportunity not only to read and write the language but also to understand how it is formed and how it works. Students...

  Level description | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence

• Indonesian - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students share factual information and opinions about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, pets, friends, pastimes, school and neighbourhood. They interact with others orally and in writing, asking and responding to questions using Siapa, Apakah, Berapa...

  Level description | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• VCESC009

  Create simple bilingual texts such as learning resources, online announcements, games and displays for use in the classroom, school or wider community

  Elaborations

  • creating simple bilingual texts for that include contextual and visual support, for example, community information leaflets, captions for photo displays, or restaurant menus
  • creating bilingual resources for their own use in the classroom, such as word banks, personal Spanish–English dictionaries, and glossaries to explain common idioms
  • designing and maintaining a bilingual website with a sister school or another group of Spanish learners in Australia, considering the best use of each language depending on the context and nature of the information or interaction
  • creating bilingual texts for specific audiences, such as songs or games for younger learners of Spanish, or a schedule for an online event likely to interest both English and Spanish speakers, noticing how meanings need to be tailored for different intended audiences

  VCESC009 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCJAC009

  Create simple bilingual texts and resources such as learning support materials, menus, brochures, signs, digital presentations, displays and captions

  Elaborations

  • creating written or digital bilingual resources to support their language learning, such as captions for photo stories or displays, glossaries or personal Japanese–English dictionaries, with examples and explanations of terms or expressions that have cultural associations
  • preparing bilingual captions for texts such as a newsletter item for the school community or for Japanese-speaking peers, exploring how to convey specific ideas in two different languages
  • interpreting aspects of spoken Japanese texts for others, for example, providing an English commentary on a Japanese item at a class, school or community event, assembly or parent evening, explaining culturally significant expressions and gestures
  • creating bilingual menus, signs or brochures for the school or local community, such as information about caring for the environment or school resources

  VCJAC009 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCJAC171

  Work collaboratively to design bilingual resources to convey information to the school community

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual subtitles, captions or commentaries for texts such as brochures, slideshows or digital video clips that inform the school community of aspects of Japanese culture such as mealtime protocols, festivals, or social behaviours
  • producing bilingual texts in print or multimodal formats to promote school events such as multicultural activities, Japanese performances or Languages Week activities
  • composing menus or programs for Japanese-themed events, with key items and information in Japanese and explanatory footnotes or glossaries in English
  • creating bilingual texts that involve subtitles or captions to introduce non-Japanese speakers to aspects of Japanese cultural expression, such as celebrations, the exchange of gifts and wishes, or aspects of hospitality
  • creating digital texts such as songs, dialogues or instructions, with options for displaying in either Japanese or English

  VCJAC171 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHU243

  Analyse the use of language across genders and generations, within and across language communities

  Elaborations

  • collecting a range of famous colloquial sayings from many different cultures and comparing their use
  • explaining how culture impacts on their own communication, for example: Did they take offence that the host didn’t offer food at the party? Why might some Chinese find that offensive?
  • knowing that communicative practices might be perceived differently in different cultures, for example, in accepting a compliment in Chinese, saying 谢谢 might make one look 自大
  • considering the role of English in the world, for example, examining the popularity of Chinese and English in second language programs and why individuals and nations believe proficiency in these two languages is important

  VCZHU243 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | The role of language and culture

• VCHIU106

  Recognise that the Hindi language has evolved and developed through different periods of time and as a result of different influences and interactions, that it is related to many other languages used in India and in the Australian community, and that it has influenced/influences other languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that all languages are dynamic, continuously changing over time, that some grow, adding new words and borrowing from other languages, as in the case of both Hindi and Australian English, while others are no longer spoken (often referred to as ‘sleeping’ by owners) as in the case of many Indigenous languages of Australia and North America
  • recognising connections between language families and individual languages, such as that between Hindi and Punjabi, including the practice of adopting and adapting words and expressions from each other, for example, the use of Hindi words that originated in languages such as Persian, Arabic and English
  • identifying Hindi words derived from other languages, such as दफ़्तर, borrowed from Arabic, क्षेत्र (field in an abstract sense) directly from Sanskrit versus खेत (field as in for farming) from Hindi via Pali/Prakrit, मेज़ via Persian from Portuguese
  • exploring the relationship between Hindi and English language systems and practice and identifying changes to Hindi that have come about as a result of processes such as globalisation, technological change and intercultural exchange
  • identifying Hindi words and expressions used in English and other languages, such as pyjamas, bungalow, sorbet, avatar, cashmere, juggernaut, yoga, sari researching their origins and comparing original and current meanings
  • finding examples of Hindi words that retain their identity as non-English words but are increasingly incorporated into English and understood by bilingual speakers, for example, the familiar, affectionate use of यार and देसी

  VCHIU106 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCDEC161

  Interpret and/or translate for friends or visitors terms associated with German or own culture

  Elaborations

  • translating expressions associated with politeness and social protocols in German, for example, responding to requests or thanks, or signing cards (Dein Fritz/Deine Anna), and comparing with typical expressions in similar messages in English
  • translating and discussing common idiomatic expressions in both German and English, for example, Ich drücke dir die Daumen (‘I’ll keep my fingers crossed for you’)
  • comparing and finding equivalent phrases and expressions in German and English, discussing differences and cultural influences, for example, so alt wie ein Baum/Stein (‘as old as the hills’), einen Bärenhunger haben (‘to be as hungry as a horse’)
  • explaining terms associated with practices or features of schools in German-speaking countries, such as hitzefrei or aspects of assessment and reporting, for example, das Notensystem, die mündliche Note, der blaue Brief, sitzenbleiben, and drawing comparisons with similar terms used in Australian schools

  VCDEC161 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELU016

  Understand that Greek is a language that has influenced many global languages and continues to influence and change through interaction with other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • understanding that Greek is an official language of Greece, Cyprus and the European Union and is also spoken in Greek-speaking communities in the Greek Diaspora
  • exploring and discussing the influence of the Greek language on English, identifying examples of Greek words and morphemes used in English, such as prefixes, suffixes and base words, using strategies to work out meanings of unknown words, and considering why word borrowing occurs across languages, for example, anti-, astro-, auto-, bio-, cosmos, deca-, demo-, geo-, glossary, -gram-, -graph-, hyper-, hypo-, -ic, -ism, -itis, kilo-, -logue, mega-, -meter-, micro-, mono-, -morph-, neo-, octo-, -ology, pent-, peri, -phil-, -phobia, photo-, -poly-, psych-, -scope, tech-, tele-, -therm-, tri-
  • recognising loan words from English that are used in Greek, such as πάρτι, and other words used in Greek that have been borrowed from other languages such as μπλε, γκρι, ροζ, παλτό, ραντεβού, λέντι, κέφι, and discussing why these words have been borrowed

  VCELU016 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESC171

  Produce short bilingual texts such as digital stories, comics and blogs, and discuss how language reflects culture

  Elaborations

  • creating subtitles, captions or commentaries for texts such as brochures, slide show presentations or video clips that inform the school community of aspects of Spanish-speaking cultures, for example, El Carnaval de Barranquilla, Festival de Viña del Mar
  • producing bilingual community texts such as posters or advertisements in print or multimedia format, for example, to promote a concert or an interview with a celebrity for a teen radio station
  • composing menus or programs for Spanish-themed events, with key items/information in Spanish and explanatory footnotes/glossaries in English
  • corresponding with Spanish-speaking peers using both Spanish and English, conveying aspects of Australian culture such as places or events of interest, leisure and sports activities, wildlife and environment
  • creating and illustrating a bilingual children’s story for younger learners, using each language in creative and engaging ways, for example, El hijo desobediente or El conejo y el coyote
  • providing an English commentary for video clips of Spanish-language social interactions in different situations and contexts, such as taking a bus to the city, visiting the dentist or buying a video game, explaining elements that may be unfamiliar to Australian viewers

  VCESC171 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCKOU188

  Explore and reflect on the impact of social, cultural and intercultural changes such as globalisation and new technologies on Korean as a language of local, international and virtual communication and on their own individual use of language

  Elaborations

  • examining how the creation of Hangeul impacted on the common people’s lives in a kingdom in 15th-century Korea, and discussing the role of script in aspects of culture and everyday life
  • exploring how globalisation has accelerated the use of English words and expressions in Korean language use, and discussing the advantages/disadvantages of these influences on languages, such as using technological terminology (for example, 인터넷, 키워드) or mixing Korean and English as lyrics in contemporary Korean popular music
  • examining how acronyms or short forms of words are used in Korean and in English (for example, 쌤, 여친, 남친, ‘ASAP’,‘RSVP’), and discussing how these forms reflect people’s changing lifestyles
  • reflecting on changes in their own language/s, identifying new terms and behaviours that they have adopted with changes in technology and social media, and on how such terms and behaviours have become part of everyday language used in different modes (for example, handwritten notes using language for electronic messaging, acronyms or emoticons replacing whole words or phrases)

  VCKOU188 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHC234

  Reflect on adjustments they and others make in their everyday language use, and connect these adjustments to aspects of experience, culture and roles in Australian society

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on how meanings of certain words are understood in different ways, for example, the different implications of using the term 他的店很肮脏
  • exploring multiple aspects of the concept of ‘identity’ by contrasting ‘individuality’ (个体) with ‘collective identity’ (集体)
  • identifying how their knowledge of Chinese and English opens up opportunities to expand their own world views
  • discussing experiences of ‘returning to home country’ (回国) and how they feel about the lifestyle and practices of their old home
  • reflecting on how their sense of being Chinese is influenced by their experience of living in Australia, for example, by maintaining a journal or blog
  • identifying features of communication in Chinese that are interpreted differently when applied in English communication, for example, examining how adjusting from a tonal language to English sometimes results in miscommunication of emotion or a perception of being abrupt
  • examining and reflecting on interactions that did not achieve their desired goal, and identifying strategies to enhance the effectiveness of their communication with others
  • reflecting on the challenges of addressing cultural assumptions and stereotyping when discussing aspects of life in Australia, for example, 有的澳大利亚人说到中国人就会说中国人怎么怎么样...，难道一个中国人做的事情就代表了所有的中国人么？

  VCZHC234 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting