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• VCFRU125

  Understand the symbolic nature of language in local and global contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying the function and power of cultural expressions such as stories, symbols, icons and anthems, for example, le tricolore, la Marseillaise, le fleur de lys, the Dreamtime, Aboriginal and Australian flags
  • considering how language marks respect, values and attitudes, and includes and excludes, for example, the language of law and medicine, the (changing) gendered nature of some professional titles in French (un médecin, un chef, une professeure), and access to community information for second language speakers
  • reflecting on the power of language in relation to own and others’ experience, for example, winning an argument or working out the meaning of unfamiliar French words; being locked out of conversations, or being a newcomer or an outsider in a social group

  VCFRU125 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCGRCU028

  Identify how cultural values, attitudes and beliefs of the ancient Greeks are embedded in their language

  Elaborations

  • discussing ancient Greek values that are embedded in terms such as such as σοφία and ξενία and considering their significance in the modern world
  • understanding how language and cultural practices are interconnected, for example, by explaining religious origins or connotations associated with words and expressions such as ἱερόν/τέμενος/ἡρῷον/ἄβατον/μυστήρια/εὐσέβεια
  • investigating the use of dialects to denote differences in ethnicity and social status in ancient Greece, for example, Aristophanes’ use of Doric to ridicule a Spartan character
  • exploring the formal language that ancient Greeks used for greetings, or responding to the challenges of public life, such as ἔρρωσθε καὶ ἐδαιμονεῖτε, ἀσπάζομαι, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὦ δικασταί, and making comparisons with own language use in formal contexts
  • reflecting on how language, texts and artefacts provide a means of understanding the social and cultural practices of ancient Greeks and how they conceptualised their world

  VCGRCU028 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCIDC107

  Convey factual information and opinions in texts such as reports and displays using graphics and multimedia tools

  Elaborations

  • conveying information to an Indonesian audience to describe aspects of Australian culture such as the physical environment, celebrations and cuisine, or to explain expressions such as ‘the bush’ or ‘fair go’
  • explaining to others a procedure or practice, for example, a recipe, the rules of a sport or board game, instructions on keeping a pet/animal, or fashion tips
  • presenting a report on an issue, recent event or public figure, using graphics to support meaning, for example, Film terbaru….; Olimpiade…; Gunung api meletus lagi
  • conveying information about topics of personal interest such as in health, technology or the arts, and aspects of Indonesian culture such as jamu, agama, sihir or pencak silat, by producing displays or (multimedia) presentations with commentary, subtitles or captions, for example, Menurut informasi ini…

  VCIDC107 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCIDU085

  Understand that Indonesian language and culture, like all languages and cultures, are interrelated; they shape and are shaped by each other, in a given moment and over time

  Elaborations

  • recognising that texts are instances of language and culture working together to convey cultural perspectives, values and concepts
  • analysing how the Indonesian language may reflect cultural perspectives such as collectivism, harmony, fate and humility; norms such as showing deference and saving face; and values such as patience, humility and selflessness, for example, setahu saya, kalau saya tidak salah, numpang tanya, permisi dulu
  • investigating the origins of particular expressions or words, developing awareness of the origins of meanings and how these may or may not change over time
  • recognising the historical, political and cultural functions and value of language, such as the origins of Bahasa Indonesia, and its historical and contemporary uses
  • developing awareness that the linguistic diversity of Indonesia reflects cultural diversity, and comparing this to linguistic and cultural diversity in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages, Asian languages and world languages

  VCIDU085 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCITC080

  Interact in discussions by questioning, making suggestions and expressing opinions, and reflect on experiences of classroom interactions

  Elaborations

  • interviewing class members, asking them, for example, to review an experience or to make suggestions for future study topics in areas of interest, for example, A mio parere … Forse … Un’ idea sarebbe; Si potrebbe ampliare la seconda parte. Sei d'accordo di/se ...?
  • participating in classroom discussions about how meanings can be interpreted or misinterpreted by others, for example, keeping a classroom journal with examples of language used in contexts within and outside the classroom as a basis for group discussion, for example, fare feste, fare il filo a …, a mani vuote, perdersi, spalmare, rendere pan per focaccia

  VCITC080 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC087

  Reflect on participation in intercultural exchange, taking responsibility for contributing to mutual understanding

  Elaborations

  • exchanging correspondence with peers, reviewing and adapting own contribution when meaning is not clear, for example, providing further explanation or an alternative way of expressing an idea, for example, Intendo dire che … Sottolineo l’importanza di …
  • considering own and others’ responses and reactions in Italian–English intercultural exchange, questioning assumptions and values
  • creating texts to share with Italian peers, considering how own cultural practices and values may be interpreted, for example, ways of showing respect, family taboos, or involvement in religious, sport or community organisations
  • reflecting on and explaining practices that need to be considered when communicating across Italian- and English-speaking languages and cultures
  • considering how their own behaviour may be interpreted by Italians in Italy and in the diaspora
  • analysing correspondence with Italian peers to notice what questions are asked about lifestyle and practices in Australia, and reflecting on own questions and the assumptions these reveal

  VCITC087 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITU127

  Understand and use the features of Italian sound and written systems, including pronunciation, stress and intonation in increasingly complex structures and texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising some common interjections, for example, oh!, e?, cioè, ahimè, ohimè, uffa!
  • recognising the differences in pronunciation of words with similar spelling, for example, sùbito, subito
  • comparing and contrasting the pronunciation of similar-sounding words using text-to-speech software or the audio option of word-processing programs
  • recognising common cognate words in speech, for example, organizzazione, programmare, arrivare
  • identifying and interpreting sounds and textual features and devices such as onomatopoeia, repetition, simile and metaphor, and understanding how they are used to express emotion and convey attitudes
  • analysing personal interactions and audiovisual texts such as films to understand how tone, gesture and body language support meaning
  • recognising the difference between anglicised and Italian pronunciation

  VCITU127 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOC023

  Extract information from a range of short spoken, written, digital or multimodal texts in Korean, analysing and organising the information for particular audiences

  Elaborations

  • recording and synthesising information from media texts, including television programs, reports, interviews, video clips, documentaries and social networks
  • organising and categorising information, selecting modes of presentation such as tables, concept maps, web postings and charts to inform particular audiences
  • summarising information from various texts that reflect different aspects of Korean culture, art, history and geography relating to social or environmental issues, for example, 태풍은 한국에 보통 여름에 와요. 그렇지만 가을에도 가끔 와요
  • reporting information in print and digital forms, for example, Korean cultural elements represented in sites such as web pages
  • deducing from context and explaining to others the meaning and culturalreferences of unfamiliar words or expressions such as words used in idioms or old sayings encountered in different types of text, such as 그림의 떡

  VCKOC023 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCLVC178

  Convey information about Country/Place events, experiences or topics of shared interest, using different modes of presentation

  Elaborations

  • creating a booklet/pamphlet/guide/brochure for the local community that explains the origins of local place names and features their meaning and significance, providing explanations in language and English as appropriate
  • creating a video clip or a photographic or journal record of activities such as an excursion, performance or sporting event to share with other language learners
  • creating and editing a presentation that includes text, images and sounds to record and explain aspects of the Country/Place
  • creating a short documentary to present information and features/stories, for example, about the Country/Place and associated social and cultural events, including, for example, interviews with and quotes from prominent identities
  • compiling a portfolio of texts about Country/Place, for example, a class anthology of stories and songs from the community, procedural texts, histories of the region, profiles of community identities
  • creating an interactive presentation for younger children that highlights the benefits of maintaining and strengthening the language of the Country/Place

  VCLVC178 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCLVC181

  Translate and interpret texts from the language to English and vice versa, comparing their versions and considering how to explain elements that involve cultural knowledge or understanding

  Elaborations

  • translating and interpreting texts from the language to English and vice versa, comparing own interpretations with those of others and discussing what differs and why
  • translating and interpreting texts such as narratives, song lyrics, dialogues or posters, considering how to explain elements that involve cultural knowledge or understanding, and using resources such as dictionaries and grammars
  • using and explaining words and expressions that do not easily translate into English and considering choices made when conveying equivalent meaning in English
  • identifying and explaining concepts, practices and expressions in the language which do not easily translate into English, for example, the number system, terms for colour, language associated with time, daily and seasonal cycles, kinship terms
  • understanding and applying culturally appropriate and ethical behaviour when interpreting and translating

  VCLVC181 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VC2M9ST04

  choose appropriate forms of display or visualisation for a given type of data; justify selections and interpret displays for a given context

  Elaborations

  • comparing data displays using mean, median and range to describe and interpret numerical data sets in terms of centre and spread using histograms, dot plots or stem-and-leaf plots
  • choosing the type of representations based on the data type: categorical (nominal or ordinal) or numerical (discrete or continuous)
  • using different visualisations of data, including non-standard representations such as infographics, and discussing their purpose and intended audience, and evaluating how well they communicate responses to statistical questions of interest
  • comparing and interpreting stacked bar charts, area charts and line graphs, discussing how they represent larger categories that can be subdivided into smaller categories and how information that can be obtained from these displays can be used for comparison

  VC2M9ST04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Statistics

• VCTRC071

  Ask and respond to questions that invite reflection, analysis and comparison of experiences, for example, as learners and users of Turkish in and out of school

  Elaborations

  • responding to questions that encourage reflection and require the use of elaborated and evaluative language, for example, how meanings can be interpreted or misinterpreted by others, with particular reference to their experience of moving between Turkish and English
  • asking each other questions that require the use of analytical or comparative language in response, for example, okuduğunuz metindeki bu düşünce izlediğiniz filmde nasıl işlenmiştir? Hangi dilde duygularını daha rahat ifade ediyorsun
  • documenting their experience of learning and using Turkish in the school context, for example, by maintaining a reflective journal that records responses to stimulus questions such as Türkçe’yi daha farklı ortamlarda rahatça kullanabiliyorum
  • using evaluative language to acknowledge elements of others’ arguments or to challenge ideas in a respectful manner, for example, Bazıları böyle düşünse de ben tamamen farklı düşünüyorum

  VCTRC071 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCVIU185

  Understand the role of pronunciation, pauses, pace, intonation, fluency and appropriate writing conventions in effective communication and apply this knowledge to own interactions

  Elaborations

  • recognising and using rhythm in complex sentences, using pauses and intonation to signal clause boundaries and emphasis, for example, Con thích cái áo mà mẹ tặng cho con hôm sinh nhật vừa rồi
  • recognising the challenges of communication associated with clarity and pace in audio texts in certain situations, for example, station or airport announcements or recorded phone messages
  • recognising that tone of voice can indicate the relationship between the speakers, convey emotion and shape meaning, for example, distinguishing between a compliment and irony in the exclamatory sentence Hôm nay em đến sớm thế!
  • applying knowledge of pronunciation, intonation, tone and pace to own use of spoken Vietnamese for a range of social interactions, for example, asking questions or expressing emotions such as happiness, sadness, surprise or excitement
  • identifying the people and factors that influence their own Vietnamese language use and speech patterns, such as parents, teachers, peers and films

  VCVIU185 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC253

  Reflect on the language choices they make when expressing their points of view to others and connect these choices to their identities in Chinese and Australian communities

  Elaborations

  • discussing available choices in how they present their own identity to others and identifying times when they choose to express one aspect of their identity over another
  • reflecting on how their language choices, including the use of English, Chinese, a dialect or accent, are indications of their sense of identity within a particular context
  • considering the differences in their own sense of identity in Australia and when they ‘return home’ (回国) in terms of changes in social contexts and in their relationships with other participants in interactions
  • describing examples of when changes in identity are more evident, such as when they are compared to friends ‘back home’
  • identifying meanings implied in facial expressions, gestures, interjections and exclamations, for example, 哎 can be used to express surprise or dissatisfaction
  • reflecting on how one’s own world view is conveyed through language choices, for example, ‘naming’ China 华夏、九州、神州大地、中原 which reflects their understanding of their history, geography, ethnicity and place in the world

  VCZHC253 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHU079

  Explain how language defines people’s roles as outsiders or insiders in groups and cultures

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with internet language to communicate with peers in a class blog and recognising the value of technology in exploring and constructing own texts
  • considering how they can be more inclusive in their own language use, for example: What questions can I ask to understand others better? What words are best to be avoided? How can I express my opinion without causing offence?
  • examining the use of inclusive language and how ideas are framed, for example, the impact of positive versus negative framing on how meaning is interpreted across languages and cultures, such as 足下留情，小草常青 versus ‘Keep off the grass’
  • exploring the contexts and implications of terms used to identify others, for example, 老外、 华侨、 华裔、 大陆人、 华人、 中国人、 少数民族

  VCZHU079 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Korean - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use written and spoken Korean to interact with peers, teachers and other Korean speakers in face-to-face, local and virtual communications. They exchange information and opinions about personal and immediate interests and experiences and about broader topics of...

  Level description | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCARU031

  Analyse different texts in a variety of forms, including digital, , considering the relationship between audience, purpose and context, and the use of textual conventions, features and cohesive devices

  Elaborations

  • applying knowledge of particular types of texts and their purpose to identify the gist and predict the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary and phrases encountered in texts
  • analysing different samples of a particular type of text, such as online diary entries, to analyse ideas and reflections through the language features used, for example,

    ضمير المتكلم: أشعر بسعادة كبيرة؛ هذا عملي وأنا مسؤول عنه

    التعبير عن التعجب والدهشة: يا إلهي!؛ مستحيل! يا للكارثة!

    الصور البلاغية: كنت كالفراشة أطير من فرحتي؛ كلامه كالخنجر في صدري

  • exploring a range of imaginative texts to compare the use of language features such as imagery and exaggeration, and discussing how these are used to convey meaning to and entertain the audience
  • examining a variety of informative texts, such as reports and articles, identifying how the structure and features of each text reflect the intended purpose and how the choice of vocabulary reflects ideas and perspectives
  • experimenting with language appropriate to particular types of texts, for example, descriptive language in documentaries, reflective language in blogs, diary or journal entries, and persuasive language in advertisements and speeches
  • analysing a range of expository texts, such as feature articles, identifying possible elements of bias and objectivity
  • discussing and evaluating how language is used to express ideas and justify opinions on topical issues of interest to teenagers in debates or on a talk show
  • identifying and discussing the level of formality in spoken and written texts, considering what these texts reveal about social relationships and processes, for example, reflections of status, authority, concepts of respect and politeness

  VCARU031 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU126

  Understand that Auslan and Deaf culture are interrelated, that they shape and are shaped by each other, that their relationship changes over time and across contexts, and that they may be differently interpreted by users of other languages

  Elaborations

  • appreciating distinctions between Deaf cultures and other cultural minorities, such as the fact that most deaf people are born to hearing parents and acquire Deaf culture in addition to the culture of their families of origin from peers and other Auslan users in school or as adults in the Deaf community
  • exploring ways in which language choices reflect attitudes towards certain topics, such as oralism or cochlear implants, identifying examples of sign choices that reflect particular attitudes or views
  • understanding that knowledge about past and present Deaf people and about Deaf cultural values is embodied in and transmitted through Auslan, for example, ways of producing the sign for SIGN embody cultural meaning, regarding distinctions made and values placed on fluent or awkward signing
  • identifying differences between the use of personal names in Auslan and in other languages, for example, Auslan signers not using a person’s name sign when addressing them directly, in contrast to the practice in many spoken languages
  • considering cultural explanations for conversational strategies used by Auslan signers to avoid conflict and to maintain privacy, such as changing signing space and style, and using indirect language such as signing lower or under the table, or fingerspelling instead of signing overtly
  • appreciating the cultural value and importance of festivals and other events in the Deaf community, such as NWDP, as celebrations of language, history, culture and identity
  • reflecting on the ways that culture is interpreted by others, for example by identifying how stereotypes about deaf and hearing people influence perceptions among members of either community
  • understanding that ‘sound’ is accessed differently in Deaf culture, that the meaning and importance of sound in deaf people’s lives is usually not the same as in hearing people’s experience

  VCASFU126 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLAU028

  Identify how cultural values, attitudes and beliefs of the Romans are embedded in their language

  Elaborations

  • discussing Roman values that are embedded in language, such as pietas, virtus, hospitium, fides
  • understanding how language and cultural practices are interconnected, for example, by explaining religious origins or connotations associated with words and expressions such as the polite command in the English RIP (‘rest in peace’) and the use of the more prayerful subjunctive in the Latin requiescat in pace
  • investigating the importance of Latin to personal status in the Roman world, as a means to social, economic and political advancement
  • examining language that reveals information about Roman government and administration, such as res publica, senatus, comitia, consul, dictator, princeps, census, and references in texts to public service, justice and the court system
  • discussing language that reveals the importance of public spaces and buildings in ancient Rome, for example, forum, temples, theatres
  • explaining references in texts to amphitheatres, gladiatorial combat, Circus Maximus, ‘bread and circuses’ and understanding the important place of entertainment in the Roman world
  • explaining the importance of religion to the Romans, with reference to concepts such as Lares et Penates, household genius, the worship of local gods at shrines, vestal virgins, cult of the Emperor
  • researching and discussing political and cultural influences in and on the works of leading writers, such as Cicero, Horace, Virgil, Livy, for example, mos maiorum; pax Romana
  • exploring the formal language that Romans used for greetings, or responding to the challenges of public life, such as ave, plurimas gratias, di immortales, and making comparisons with own language use in formal contexts
  • reflecting on how language, texts and artefacts provide a means of understanding the social and cultural practices of the Romans and how they conceptualised their world

  VCLAU028 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCZHC101

  Respond to imaginative texts by stating how themes such as relationships, image and acceptance are portrayed, and create own performances to express ideas on personal experiences of these themes

  Elaborations

  • sharing opinions on language used in contemporary media for young people, including music videos and TV series, for example, 我很喜欢学这首歌，它的歌词很美
  • explaining meaning of scripts and lyrics, and recognising how feelings/emotions are expressed in ‘subtle’ ways through the use of stylistic devices or symbolism, for example, 月亮代表我的心
  • comparing how the theme of love is represented across different imaginative texts in both Chinese and English, and discussing personal responses, for example, 我觉得这个故事很像…。我不喜欢…因为他…,如果他像…一样，那么…
  • identifying how media convey a sense of ‘right’ and purpose in the lives of young people and expressing own opinion (for example, 我觉得他是好人，因为他帮助老人) and reactions to the situations and contexts represented, for example, 如果我是她; 我觉得他最好…
  • portraying a scene from a familiar narrative (for example, creating a skit or short play recounting an event from a well-known novel) and considering how the main characters represent their experiences and express their emotions through their interactions
  • creating a Chinese voiceover for a scene from an English language sitcom, experimenting with ways in which language, image, behaviour and humour are used to enhance meaning and entertainment
  • collaborating to create short performances, for example, a skit about celebrating Spring Festival, a simple lyric for a song about school life, or a rap about being a student of Chinese
  • collaborating to develop an imaginative promotional video to post on a website to sell an innovative product or service, such as a Chinese-speaking toy panda or a peer tutoring service

  VCZHC101 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating