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• VCCCC035

  Analyse contemporary examples and issues relating to Australian democracy and global connections, including key aspects of citizenship in a pluralist society

  Elaborations

  • explaining how a particular non-government organisation (NGO) contributes to the Australian community and how Australians participate though membership of NGOs
  • choosing a particular social media campaign and explaining the ways that it contributed to active citizenship
  • creating an article, argumentative essay, panel discussion or debate about a contemporary issue

  VCCCC035 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCC037

  Discuss how and why groups, including religious groups, participate in civic life

  Elaborations

  • researching the work of a non-government organisation (NGO), philanthropist or community group, and how and why they contribute to the Australian community
  • investigating the concept of 'the common good' using examples of how religious groups participate to foster interfaith understanding or social justice

  VCCCC037 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCC038

  Examine the influence of a range of media, including social media, in shaping identities and attitudes to diversity and how ideas about Australian identity may be influenced by global events

  Elaborations

  • analysing how media represent different groups in Australian society and assessing the impact those representations have on community cohesiveness, for example, a human rights campaign that uses social media
  • examining stories of how Australian citizens' perspectives on their role in the global community have been influenced by their experiences of living and working in other countries
  • debating the concepts of ‘global identity’ and ‘global citizenship’ and their implications for Australian citizens

  VCCCC038 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCG029

  Explain the values and key features of Australia’s system of government compared with at least one other system of government in the Asia region

  Elaborations

  • categorising the key features of Australia’s system of government, for example democratic elections and the separation of powers, and comparing and contrasting these to the key features found in another country in the Asia region, such as Japan, India or Indonesia
  • interviewing people with connections to a country in the Asia region to compare the values they associate with the system of government in that country, with those of Australia

  VCCCG029 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCG030

  Analyse how citizens’ political choices are shaped, including the influence of the media

  Elaborations

  • analysing a range of strategies used to persuade citizens’ electoral choices such as public debate, media, opinion polls, advertising, interest groups and political party campaigns
  • discussing how social media is used to influence people’s understanding of issues

  VCCCG030 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCG028

  Discuss the role of political parties and independent representatives in Australia’s system of government, including the formation of governments, and explain the process through which government policy is shaped and developed

  Elaborations

  • investigating how the contemporary party system operates in Australia’s liberal democracy and how governments are formed in parliament
  • discussing the meaning of key concepts such as parliamentary majority, the opposition, hung parliament, minority government, party platform, and mandate
  • investigating the role of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, the bureaucracy and the parliament in policy-making
  • discussing the development of government policy such as health, education, disability

  VCCCG028 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCG031

  Explain the Australian government’s roles and responsibilities at a global level, including provision of foreign aid, peacekeeping and the United Nations

  Elaborations

  • identifying and explaining the types of participation that Australia has in the Asia region and internationally, for example exchange programs, peacekeeping, election monitoring, health programs, disaster management
  • investigating Australia’s involvement with the United Nations, for example representation in the organisation and adherence to conventions and declarations that Australia has ratified

  VCCCG031 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCL034

  Discuss the key principles of Australia’s justice system, including equality before the law, independent judiciary, and right of appeal

  Elaborations

  • identifying the key principles and explaining what is meant by each principle and discussing how each works to protect citizens and contribute to a fair society
  • identifying and explaining factors that can undermine the application of the principles of justice, for example bribery, coercion of witnesses, trial by media, and court delays

  VCCCL034 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCL033

  Describe the key features of Australia’s court system, including jurisdictions and how courts apply and interpret the law, resolve disputes and make law through judgments, and describe the role of the High Court in interpreting the Constitution

  Elaborations

  • creating a visual representation of the court jurisdictions in Australia
  • categorising sample cases in relation to the courts in which they would be heard, for example cases from criminal, consumer, family, human rights and environmental law
  • describing the role of a particular court, for example a supreme court, a magistrates court, or the Family Court of Australia
  • analysing how court judgments impact on the development of law, for example the role of precedents
  • examining the jurisdiction of the High Court
  • investigating an example of a High Court judgment in interpreting and applying Australian law, such as the Mabo decision

  VCCCL033 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCL032

  Explain how Australia’s international legal obligations shape Australian law and government policies, including in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • listing some of the international agreements Australia has ratified and identifying examples of how each one might shape government policies and laws, for example the protection of World Heritage areas
  • researching the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
  • identifying how international conventions and declarations have shaped Australian government policies with regard to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  VCCCL032 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCTM052

  Investigate how the use of a range of learning strategies can be monitored, evaluated and re-directed as necessary

  Elaborations

  • completing a journal to monitor and evaluate two strategies for a learning challenge and reflecting on what was effective and how they could be used in the future
  • using given scenarios and famous quotes to reflect on the concepts of failure and persistence in relation to learning and learning strategies

  VCCCTM052 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTM053

  Investigate the kind of criteria that can be used to rationally evaluate the quality of ideas and proposals, including the qualities of viability and workability

  Elaborations

  • developing and applying criteria to assess a range of examples of proposals and justifying whether refinements are necessary
  • developing and applying ethical considerations that should be taken into account for a research proposal or a performance
  • assessing the workability of a response to an issue by examining practical implementation considerations
  • assessing the viability of a solution by considering the risks associated with it

  VCCCTM053 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTM051

  Critically examine their own and others thinking processes and discuss factors that influence thinking, including cognitive biases

  Elaborations

  • discussing examples of common cognitive biases and how to mitigate for these, such as confirmation bias, for example in the context of identifying sources when undertaking research; framing bias, for example in the context of advertising; clustering illusion, for example in the context of evaluation of gambling decisions
  • researching, comparing and reflecting on thinking processes used by professionals in a range of areas, such as artists, designers and writers; academics; or political decision-making bodies

  VCCCTM051 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTQ045

  Challenge previously held assumptions and create new links, proposals and artefacts by investigating ideas that provoke shifts in perspectives and cross boundaries to generate ideas and solutions

  Elaborations

  • investigating changes to scientific understanding over time, including how new discoveries helped to shift understandings and considering how existing understandings might be shifted in the future
  • discussing how challenging assumptions and being open-minded can assist in developing enterprising behaviours, supported by research on specific entrepreneurs
  • investigating how food myths and fads have been challenged and community perspectives shifted, when planning a community health initiative
  • exploring change in scale as a way to shift perspective, for example beginning with asking ‘what if we could only buy and eat food grown locally’ and then asking ‘what if we could only buy and eat food grown regionally/nationally’ as part of a process for generating suggested responses to improve food security or mitigate an environmental challenge

  VCCCTQ045 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTQ043

  Investigate the characteristics of effective questions in different contexts to examine information and test possibilities

  Elaborations

  • identifying the distinctive characteristics of questions as part of an inquiry that draws on different learning areas
  • discussing how a question might change to suit different contexts, for example how questions about human wellbeing might change depending on scale of investigation, and evaluating proposed questions
  • examining a list of questions and identifying which are the most effective and why

  VCCCTQ043 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTQ044

  Suspend judgements to allow new possibilities to emerge and investigate how this can broaden ideas and solutions

  Elaborations

  • comparing a creative process that quickly follows initial judgements to one that intentionally suspends judgements over a period of time and reflecting on the quality of the ideas produced
  • exploring optimum conditions for an ‘incubation period’ when problem-solving, for example ‘sleeping on it’, or undertaking a distracting menial task and then returning to the problem
  • using technology for experimenting with the relationships between compositions of functions, such as resultant shapes and behaviours, which may then be used in modelling and understanding a range of real-world phenomena

  VCCCTQ044 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTR047

  Examine how to identify and analyse suppressed premises and assumptions

  Elaborations

  • analysing inferences and the assumptions they are based on and discussing if these are justified
  • discussing a claim that an assumption is ‘self-evident’ and does not need to be separately argued for, for example that projected rapid population growth will decrease food security
  • supplying a suppressed premise in order to fill a gap in an argument and justifying the selection

  VCCCTR047 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR046

  Examine a range of rhetorical devices and reasoning errors, including false dichotomies and begging the question

  Elaborations

  • identifying why a claim in a persuasive text such as ‘when will people stop being so greedy?’ or an interview question asked by a journalist such as ‘what are you afraid of?’ is begging the question and how begging the question is often used as a term for circular arguments
  • discussing how false dichotomies are used, for example by stakeholders in political issues when they try to persuade
  • analysing a range of examples to explore when particular forms of reasoning are legitimate and when they are fallacious, for example, ad hominin arguments and the relevance of criticising the person making the argument rather than the argument itself; or hasty generalisations and whether an evidence base is sufficient enough to generalise from

  VCCCTR046 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR050

  Investigate use of additional or refined criteria when application of original criteria does not produce a clear conclusion

  Elaborations

  • discussing characteristics of criteria such as specific, measurable, agreed, time-bound and how refining original criteria based on these characteristics can make them more precise
  • using a range of examples to test the strength of given criteria, such as what counts as sustainable and justifying refinements or additions to criteria
  • evaluating the clarity of a proposed conclusion, discussing what role criteria played in reaching that clarity

  VCCCTR050 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR048

  Investigate the nature and use of counter examples structured as arguments

  Elaborations

  • using a clearly absurd case to construct a counterexample that shows the faulty form of an argument, for example criticising an argument by showing that it is of a similar form to ‘if cats are amphibians, then cats are animals; cats are animals, therefore cats are amphibians.’
  • using ‘if…then’ reasoning to construct a counterexample, for example ‘But if this (other industry) tried this innovation strategy, it would be much more expensive and so not all industries could do it so easily’

  VCCCTR048 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Reasoning