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• VCSSU115

  Advances in scientific understanding often rely on developments in technology and technological advances are often linked to scientific discoveries

  Elaborations

  • considering how the properties of electromagnetic radiation relate to its uses, for example, radar, medical diagnosis and treatment, mobile phone communications and microwave cooking
  • considering how information technology can be applied to different areas of science, for example, bioinformatics, the Square Kilometre Array, DNA sequencing and the analysis of radio astronomy signals
  • considering how computer modelling and imaging technologies has improved knowledge and predictability of phenomena, for example, climate change, atmospheric pollution, plate tectonic movement, and body system functions and interactions

  VCSSU115 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• Civics and Citizenship: Levels 9 and 10 description

  The Level 9 and 10 curriculum builds students’ understanding of Australia’s political system and how it enables change. Students examine the ways political parties, interest groups, media and individuals influence government and decision-making processes. They compare Australia’s system of government...

  Level description | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship

• VCCCC035

  Analyse contemporary examples and issues relating to Australian democracy and global connections, including key aspects of citizenship in a pluralist society

  Elaborations

  • explaining how a particular non-government organisation (NGO) contributes to the Australian community and how Australians participate though membership of NGOs
  • choosing a particular social media campaign and explaining the ways that it contributed to active citizenship
  • creating an article, argumentative essay, panel discussion or debate about a contemporary issue

  VCCCC035 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCHIC114

  Respond to a range of traditional and contemporary creative and literary texts, describing settings, identifying key themes, values and concepts, discussing representation of characters and events and the stylistic effects of different genres

  Elaborations

  • comparing themes and values represented in contemporary texts such as cartoons or video games with those conveyed in traditional fables, epic poems and legends, for example, एकलव्य की गुरुदक्षिणा
  • discussing the enduring influence of classical fables and legends in passing on cultural values through allegory and storying, for example, by identifying classical references to describe personal traits or qualities, as in सत्यवादी हरिश्चन्द्र, श्रवण कुमार
  • identifying the use of English words and expressions by contemporary poets or songwriters writing in Hindi, considering possible reasons for this
  • analysing how the use of rhythm, rhyme, imagery and metaphor by poets such as कबीर, रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर; हरिवंश राय बच्चन; नीरज, गुलज़ार, महादेवी वर्मा and writers such as भीष्म साहनी; जयशंकर प्रसाद; मुँशी प्रेमचंद, मन्नू भंडारी create emotional, dramatic or humorous effects that reflect cultural traditions and literary genres
  • identifying characteristic elements of traditional forms of Hindi literature, such as verse celebrating bravery/warriors, for example, वीर गाथाएँ और गीत, जैसे पुष्प की अभिलाषा, devotional verse such as मीराबाई और सूरदास के भक्ति गीत, or children’s poems that celebrate nature, such as आया बसन्त
  • comparing the style, themes and language associated with different musical genres, for example, patriotic music such as राष्ट्रीय गान and सारे जहाँ से अच्छा, film songs or advertising jingles
  • exploring the playfulness, creativity and competitiveness of riddles, comparing their function as traditional entertainment in village communities with that of language play among young children today

  VCHIC114 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCVIC023

  Respond to a range of traditional and contemporary forms of art and entertainment, and imaginative and creative texts, including digital texts, describing and discussing themes, values, plot and representations of characters and events, and expressing preferences

  Elaborations

  • recognising and discussing different forms of Vietnamese art and entertainment, such as painting, photography, (water) puppetry, dance, music, theatre, television and cinema
  • comparing traditional and contemporary Vietnamese art and entertainment, for example, comparing tranh dân gian Đông Hồ with tranh sơn dầu, dân ca with nhạc trẻ, kịch with phim, or trò chơi dân gianwith trò chơi điện tử, to identify how social and cultural practices may have changed or been maintained over time, for example, wedding ceremonies or birthday/New Year celebrations
  • listening to, viewing or reading texts such as novels, memoirs, songs, films and performances, discussing the main characters and events, and the key messages and beliefs, and examining how language is used to help reveal the characters’ attitudes or views
  • responding to events and characters in imaginative texts by, for example, writing a diary entry or blog reflecting on an event in a story or film, or conducting an imaginary interview with a character in a story or film
  • describing key messages, values and beliefs in traditional texts in Vietnamese, such as legends, fables, folk tales or humorous stories, and comparing these with similar texts in English, for example, comparing the Vietnamese folk tale Tấm Cám with the English version Cinderella, and discussing the reasons behind similar and different moral values, practices and beliefs
  • discussing with peers how social context and cultural values influence a writer’s representation of issues and topics, for example, how the author’s background or concept of filial piety shapes the characters’ reactions and decisions in regard to their relationships, making connections with personal experiences

  VCVIC023 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCHHC124

  Analyse the different perspectives of people in the past and evaluate how these perspectives are influenced by significant events, ideas, location, beliefs and values

  Elaborations

  • using a range of sources to identify different perspectives and construct an argument about the experiences of people at the time
  • examining different accounts of eighteenth-century journey to Australia, for example, ships’ logs, diaries, recorded testimonies of convicts and officers, both male and female, and explaining the variations in perspective which can lead to different historical interpretations
  • identifying in a range of perspectives the absent or hidden voices and suggest reasons for this
  • analysing the views of both men and women at different times regarding gender equality in Australia and explaining how these views might reflect changing values and attitudes
  • explaining the enthusiasm of young people for the music tours and the opposition of older generations, as reflected in the sources

  VCHHC124 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCDEU186

  Understand the influence of language on people’s actions, values and beliefs, and appreciate the scale and importance of linguistic diversity

  Elaborations

  • examining how language can reinforce stereotypes, such as those related to gender, and how changes in the language occur over time to combat this, for example, die Krankenschwester → der Krankenpfleger, die Krankenpflegerin; die Stewardess → der Flugbegleiter, die Flugbegleiterin
  • considering how language indicates respect, values and attitudes, and includes and excludes, for example, the use of titles or first names (Herr Doktor Schmidt, Herr Schmidt, Georg), different words for the same entity (foreigner/immigrant/refugee), the gendered nature of professional titles (der Lehrer, die Lehrerin; das Kindermädchen), and access to community information for non-English speakers
  • reflecting on the impact of language in relation to own and others’ experience, for example, winning an argument or working out the meaning of unfamiliar German words; being locked out of conversations, or being a newcomer or an outsider in a social group
  • establishing a deeper understanding of diversity and reflecting on own experience of what linguistic and cultural diversity means

  VCDEU186 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCICCD020

  Analyse the components of a cohesive society, and the challenges, benefits and consequences of maintaining or failing to maintain that cohesion

  Elaborations

  • investigating the role of institutions and organisations that aim to promote a cohesive society, for example, the Islamic Museum of Australia, the Chinese Museum, the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), or the Victorian Multicultural Commission
  • exploring examples of intolerance or prejudice presented in the media, and analysing its impacts
  • undertaking a search to identify positive media coverage and exploring how positive representations can strengthen social cohesion, such as the #illridewithyou social media campaign
  • researching the rationale for organisations that aims to recruit from diverse cultural groups, such as the police force and sporting groups
  • following a social issue in the media with an intercultural element and compiling a journal of articles that show a range of different perspectives on the issue, and identifying both positive and negative components, and how these impact on people’s perceptions

  VCICCD020 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Cultural Diversity

• Personal and Social Capability: Levels 9 and 10 description

  In Levels 9 and 10, the curriculum focuses on analysing factors that influence respectful relationships in a range of diverse settings and the importance of empathy and respect for diversity in creating a cohesive society. Students are provided with opportunities to engage in activities that promote...

  Level description | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability

• VCELY441

  Analyse how the construction and interpretation of texts, including media texts, can be influenced by cultural perspectives and other texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing perspectives represented in texts from different times and places, including texts drawn from popular culture
  • identifying, comparing and creating relationships between texts (including novels, illustrated stories, social issue cartoons, documentaries, multimodal texts)
  • reflecting on the notion that all texts build on a body of prior texts in a culture
  • analysing and identifying how socio-cultural values, attitudes and beliefs are conveyed in texts, for example comparing and analysing perspectives about an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander issue reported in commercial media compared to public and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander media
  • analysing and interpreting assumptions about groups that have shaped or influenced representations of people, places, events and things and identifying how listeners and readers are positioned by these representations

  VCELY441 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• Latin: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students analyse a range of Latin texts to obtain information and ideas about Roman society and culture. They use vocabulary, grammar and textual cues to analyse and interpret language use and cultural references in Latin texts, such as poetry, letters or narratives, for...

  Level description | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10

• VCZHU111

  Explore the role of tradition in contemporary language use and how languages change over time

  Elaborations

  • exploring the use of classical language such as 成语 and how this refines the style of writing when comparing 口语 and 书面语, for example, 她很漂亮 and 她貌美如花
  • reading texts consisting of 名人名言 (for example, 孔子说…), and discussing the cultural meaning of the quote and how it is relevant to contemporary language use, including why it is still quoted widely in modern writing, for example, 三人行必有吾师
  • exploring the nature of common idioms (成语), identifying their meanings and recognising how they can be used to add a sense of style to everyday communication, for example, 年年有余、人山人海
  • examining how globalisation is impacting on Chinese values and language use, for example, how responses to praise are shifting to reflect a western concept of gratitude (谢谢) rather than the modesty of the past (哪里哪里)
  • exploring the ways in which English words and phrases are incorporated into everyday communication in Chinese in digital media, for example, English expressions of emotion used in chat forums and text messaging (去 happy 吧), and Pinyin abbreviations replacing characters ( L P = 老婆)
  • investigating the use of internet language, including numerical representations of words (55555 = 呜呜他在哭) as a means of private communication among youth
  • examining how the adaptation of words reflects and encourages change, for example, gender equality is reflected in the use of 妳 to acknowledge females and 他 to include both men and women

  VCZHU111 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCGRCE017

  Convey interpretations of information and ideas about ancient Greek society and culture, in oral, written and digital forms, using Classical Greek as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • discussing how cultural attitudes are conveyed in Classical Greek texts, such as attitudes to slaves or women, cleanliness, food, for example, conducting a role-play, forum on salient issues, ‘Q & A’ session
  • investigating legal rights and obligations of citizens, social classes or property rights, for example, building a digital representation of social strata
  • researching ancient Greek urban planning and architecture through the study of an archaeological site, and presenting findings, for example, by creating a virtual tour of the Agora or the Acropolis of Athens, with written or oral text in English or simple sentences in Classical Greek
  • examining architectural remains of ancient Greece, such as places of entertainment and worship, and discussing what they reveal about the values and attitudes of ancient Greeks
  • gathering and collating information about ancient Greek art, including sculpture, jewellery and painting, for example, producing and presenting an online exhibition catalogue
  • researching references in Classical Greek texts to historical or mythological characters, such as Themistocles or Achilles
  • exploring Classical Greek inscriptions to elicit and present information about ancient Greek society, for example, vases, funerary stelae, ostraka, and creating own examples in English or Classical Greek

  VCGRCE017 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Accessing the ancient Greek world through Classical Greek texts

• Design and Technologies: Levels 9 and 10 description

  In Levels 9 and 10, students use design thinking, design and technologies knowledge and understanding, processes and production skills to produce designed solutions to identified needs or opportunities of relevance to individuals, local, national, regional and global communities.

  Students undertake...

  Level description | Technologies | Design and Technologies

• VCASFC076

  Research and evaluate information from different sources and perspectives, summarising opinions and critically appraising relationships between texts and contexts

  Elaborations

  • evaluating information collected from different sources to debate issues of interest and significance to the Deaf community, such as eugenics, deaf technology or interpreter ethics
  • using critical literacy skills to recognise textual bias and to distinguish between fact and opinion in differently sourced texts relating to the Deaf community and/or deafness
  • researching a significant event that affects/has affected the Deaf community, summarising findings in the form of contributions to a panel discussion or debate
  • evaluating information presented by their peers or teachers, providing constructive feedback supported by evidence
  • appraising and summarising opinions expressed in formally and informally signed texts
  • using stories by elders and excursions to sites of significance to document, describe and provide explanatory detail of places of importance to the Deaf community
  • using primary or secondary signed sources to research significant events in Deaf history to present a critical overview of how information can be differently presented

  VCASFC076 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC217

  Reflect on how conventions of speech and particular Chinese cultural concepts can influence communication style when using both English and Chinese

  Elaborations

  • identifying diverse ways their Chinese identity is played out in local communities (for example, through membership of community organisations and interest groups) and relating experiences in which their Chinese identity is central to their self-expression
  • exploring the ways their Chinese identity influences the different roles they play in life (for example, as a student at secondary school and in Chinese school, and as a son or daughter, an older or younger sibling, a friend, or a member of a sports team) and reflecting on times when linguistic and cultural aspects of their identity are questioned and challenged
  • reflecting on own cultural values and evaluating how these intersect with mainstream values when interacting in both Chinese and Australian contexts
  • recognising the language choices they make that influence how their identities as individuals and as Chinese-speaking Australians are perceived by others, for example, feeling more Chinese with Chinese people, and less Chinese when on their own or with people from a different cultural background
  • varying their language use when engaging with participants from different cultural backgrounds, for example, opening a speech in Chinese with 中国有一句俗语… when in English they would open a speech with some humour

  VCZHC217 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHHK135

  Significant events and influencing ideas in the development of the society, including different perspectives of the events at the time and different historical interpretations and debates

  Elaborations

  • Australia
    • discussing the rise of nationalist sentiment in Australia in the mid to late nineteenth century
    • sequencing the key events and ideas in the development of Australian self-government and democracy, including women's voting rights
    • explaining the factors that contributed to federation and the development of democracy in Australia, including defence concerns, the 1890s depression, nationalist ideals, egalitarianism, the Westminster system
  • Asia
    • explaining the position of the Asian society in relation to other nations in the world around the turn of the twentieth century, including the influence of key ideas such as nationalism
    • investigating the fall of the Shogun and the Meiji Restoration, rise of nationalism, militarism and expansionism, confrontation between Japan and China, and with Western powers, for example, the Russo-Japanese war, and the emergence of Japan as a major world power
    • describing the activities of Christian missionaries in China and the outcomes of the Boxer Rebellion
    • analysing the significant causes and effects of the Indian Great Rebellion 1857

  VCHHK135 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Australia and Asia

• VCELT447

  Experiment with the ways that language features, image and sound can be adapted in literary texts

  Elaborations

  • making language choices and choosing particular language devices to achieve intended effects, for example building in a surprise or twist in the ending of a short story or final scene of a film
  • taking an existing short story, poem, play or speech in print form and creating a short visual text which is accompanied by a sound track containing music and sound effects, and which is intended to amuse audiences who are familiar with the original text
  • creating written interpretations of traditional and contemporary literature which employs devices like metaphor, symbol, allegory and myth, and evaluating the contribution of these devices to the interpretation of the text
  • creating written interpretations of traditional and contemporary poetry (for example sonnets and contemporary song lyrics) focusing on their use of symbol, myth, icons and imagery

  VCELT447 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Writing | Literature

• VCADAR046

  Analyse a range of dance from contemporary and past times, including dance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, to explore differing viewpoints and develop understanding of dance practice across local, national and international contexts

  Elaborations

  • investigating the influence of Australian and international dance artists and companies on dance practices, including the influence of those who identify as belonging to specific cultural groups, for example investigating the role and influence of Bangarra
  • considering how global trends in dance influence the development of dance in Australia, for example, how global trends in street dance influence Australian dance, or how effectively have ballet conventions been manipulated within a work to communicate ideas and intentions
  • identifying the impact of media and social and technological change on dance practice, for example, interactions between kinaesthetic and visual aspects of dance in forms that incorporate digital components or the way that dance by groups such as Djuki Mala (The Chooky Dancers) can be shared across the globe via social media
  • interrogating the cultural and social roles and responsibilities of the dance industry, recognising the power of dance in advocating for change

  VCADAR046 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 9 and 10 | Respond and Interpret

• VC2M9M02

  solve problems involving very small and very large measurements, timescales and intervals expressed in scientific notation

  Elaborations

  • representing very large and very small real numbers in scientific notation, converting real numbers expressed in scientific notation into decimal form; for example, the approximate geological age of Earth is 4.6 × 10⁹ years, and the mass of a glucose molecule is 2.99 × 10⁻²² grams
  • using knowledge of place value and applying exponent laws to operate with numbers expressed in scientific notation in applied contexts; for example, performing calculations involving extremely small numbers in scientific and other contexts
  • examining the degree of accuracy that different measurement instruments provide in a science laboratory, such as a measuring cylinder compared with a pipette, and recording data values to the correct degree of accuracy using appropriate scientific notation

  VC2M9M02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Measurement