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• VCARC028

  Reflect on own sense of identity as an Arabic and English speaker, recognising how own cultural assumptions, practices and values influence ways of communicating, and considering reactions and how they adjust behaviours and language in own interactions

  Elaborations

  • discussing how being bilingual allows them to present ‘self’ to others in particular ways, for example, as being Lebanese, Jordanian, Iraqi, Arab Australian, or Australian from a Syrian background
  • reflecting on the role of language in expressing identity, considering when, with whom and why different languages are used, and reflecting on whether their own identity changes when they use different languages
  • noticing how they communicate with one another, their teachers and families, noticing how they see themselves differently in different contexts, for example, as Arabic-speaking person, less traditional than parents
  • reflecting on choices made to present self to others in particular ways or to conceal aspects of identity when interacting across cultures, noticing differences in the way they communicate, think and behave in different contexts

  VCARC028 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCRAC112

  Engage with texts and peers who speak the language, recognising how own cultural assumptions, practices and beliefs influence language and content, and choosing whether and how to make adjustments

  Elaborations

  • interacting with speakers of the language, noticing social norms and practices such as personal space, gender roles, and acceptable topics of conversation and considering own reactions to these
  • sharing experiences with peers through shared digital spaces, text messages and conversations, modifying own language when meaning is not understood, such as explaining an idea or expression that may be culturally specific, for example, ‘the outback’
  • recognising that social values such as politeness can be expressed differently in different cultures
  • monitoring, recording and reflecting on intercultural experiences, examining aspects that were unexpected, comfortable or uncomfortable, successful or unsuccessful, and considering possible reasons for this

  VCRAC112 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCIDC112

  Engage with Indonesian peers and texts, recognising how own cultural assumptions, practices and beliefs influence language and content, and choosing whether and how to make adjustments

  Elaborations

  • interacting with Indonesians, noticing social norms and practices such as personal space, gender roles, having a boyfriend or girlfriend, same-sex hand-holding, religious artefacts (jilbab and kerudung for women, taqiyah (skullcap) and peci/kopiah for men), and acceptable topics of conversation (for example, Kamu sudah mandi?), and considering own reactions to these
  • sharing experiences with Indonesian peers through shared digital spaces, text messages and conversations, modifying own language when meaning is not understood, such as explaining an idea or expression that may be culturally specific, for example, canang sari (Balinese daily offerings) or ‘outback’
  • recognising that social values such as politeness can be expressed differently in different cultures, and understanding features of Indonesian etiquette such as avoiding direct refusal; aiming to please by answering a question even if they don’t know the answer; expressing gratitude through actions, not necessarily language (for example, limited use of terima kasih); and waiting to be invited to eat or drink, for example, silakan makan/minum
  • monitoring, recording and reflecting on intercultural experiences, examining aspects that were unexpected, comfortable or uncomfortable, successful or unsuccessful, and considering possible reasons for this

  VCIDC112 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCSIS140

  Communicate scientific ideas and information for a particular purpose, including constructing evidence-based arguments and using appropriate scientific language, conventions and representations

  Elaborations

  • using secondary sources as well as students’ own findings to help explain a scientific concept
  • using a range of representations, including mathematical and symbolic forms, to communicate science ideas
  • presenting results and ideas using formal experimental reports, oral presentations, multimodal presentations, poster presentations and contributing to group discussions

  VCSIS140 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Inquiry Skills | Communicating

• VCAVCDE006

  Develop and present visual communications that demonstrate the application of methods, materials, media, design elements and design principles that meet the requirements of a specific brief and target audience

  Elaborations

  • investigating different communication needs and target audiences in the visual communication design fields of environmental, communication and industrial design
  • researching a range of contexts to develop a brief in environmental, communication and industrial design.
  • understand the influences and constraints on the brief, for example, financial and physical constraints
  • researching the needs of a target audience relevant to the brief developed, for example, conduct surveys that reflect audience interests

  VCAVCDE006 | The Arts | Visual Communication Design | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Represent Ideas

• Drama: Levels 9 and 10 description

  In Levels 9 and 10, students develop more sophisticated approaches to making and responding to drama independently, in small groups, and with their teachers and communities. They continue to explore drama as an art form through improvisation, scripted drama, rehearsal and performance.

  Students...

  Level description | The Arts | Drama

• VCNRU084

  Reflect on the dynamic and ecological nature of language, and that all languages influence each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising how English may be modifying language use in particular spheres in the language being studied, for example, language used in the entertainment industry, films and television programs, or language used to express modern concepts, or language used to keep up with trends
  • recognising that language changes over time by, for example, viewing films in historical settings and those in contemporary settings and discussing the language used

  VCNRU084 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU198

  Understand and describe ways in which language and culture are interrelated and influence each other

  Elaborations

  • participating in guided discussion and reflection on the nature and role of culture and its relationship with language, noting any shifts in own attitudes, values or understandings about culture, identity and diversity as a consequence of learning and using Spanish
  • developing language for thinking and talking about cultural representation and expression, for example, perspectives, values, images, stereotypes, inclusion and exclusion
  • examining how a concept such as humour is conveyed in Spanish in ways that reflect lifestyles, values or traditions, and discussing how this may be perceived by non-native Spanish speakers
  • exploring language and communicative behaviours associated with particular Spanish-speaking regions or geographic locations to understand how factors such as geography, climate and economic situation shape language practices

  VCESU198 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• Geography: Levels 9 and 10 description

  In Levels 9 and 10, students consider changes in the characteristics of places and the implications of these. They consider significant spatial distributions and patterns and evaluate their implications, and consider interconnections between and within places and changes resulting from these,...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• VCAMUR046

  Analyse a range of music from contemporary and past times, including the music of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to explore differing viewpoints, enrich their music making, and develop understanding of music practice in local, national and international contexts

  Elaborations

  • evaluating and comparing stylistic interpretations of a range of music to develop aesthetic awareness
  • comparing and evaluating audience responses and performer roles across a broad range of formal, informal, virtual and interactive settings
  • evaluating their own and others’ music, and using feedback to refine and improve performances and compositions
  • discussing the influence of music on the development of personal and cultural identity in local, national and international contexts, for example, by considering songs by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander musicians and/or other Australian musicians who draw on the cultures of their families and asking questions such as what is the cultural context in which this music was composed or performed or how does this music relate to cultural identity of its composer/performer?

  VCAMUR046 | The Arts | Music | Levels 9 and 10 | Respond and Interpret

• Modern Greek - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students recognise and approximate the pronunciation, rhythms and intonation patterns of extended phrases and compound sentences. They use vocabulary with more complex syllable combinations and become more fluent and accurate in spoken and written language production. They gain greater control...

  Level description | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence

• VCAVAR046

  Analyse, interpret and evaluate a range of visual artworks from different cultures, historical and contemporary contexts, including artworks by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples to explore differing viewpoints

  Elaborations

  • analysing the role of visual arts as a means of challenging prevailing traditional ideas, for example, how contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artworks challenge prevailing traditional ideas about traditional art styles from this culture
  • identifying how visual arts professionals embed their values and beliefs, and how audiences react and interpret the meaning and intent of their artworks differently
  • discussing the range of viewpoints expressed about an artwork or art issue
  • considering the practices of visual arts practitioners when making commentaries about social, environmental and sustainability issues
  • interrogating the cultural and social roles and responsibilities of arts industries, recognising the power of the visual arts in advocating for, and being a catalyst for, change

  VCAVAR046 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 9 and 10 | Respond and Interpret

• VCLVU190

  Describe and reflect on how languages change over time and influence one another

  Elaborations

  • exploring form, usage, history and impact of contact languages, including creoles, pidgins and Aboriginal Englishes
  • investigating and describing how the language has changed over time
  • observing changes to language that reflect changing lifestyles, cultural trends and emerging needs, for example, youth language, the language of new technologies, the impact of music, media and technology on communication
  • reflecting on changes in their own use of their first language(s) over time, noticing how and when new ways are adopted or existing ways adapted
  • exploring changes in language over time, for example, by reviewing old films from state archives or early television shows that include Aboriginal actors

  VCLVU190 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Auslan - First Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students exchange information, ideas and opinions on a broad range of social, environmental, educational and community issues. They summarise and justify points of view and use reflective language to respond to others’ opinions and perspectives, for example, RIGHT-YEAH,...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCADRR046

  Analyse a range of drama from contemporary and past times, including the drama of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to explore differing viewpoints and develop understanding of drama practice across local, national and international contexts

  Elaborations

  • evaluating conventions from past forms and styles to consider how these can be incorporated into own drama and contemporary practice, for example, ‘How successful were the actors and director in conveying the playwright’s stated intent? How successfully have the design elements been incorporated into the drama?
  • identifying and describing the actor-audience relationship in different dramatic contexts, forms and styles
  • linking conventions from different forms with purposes, origins and contexts
  • identifying the impact of media, and social and technological changes on drama practice, for example, interactions between kinaesthetic and visual aspects of dance in forms that incorporate digital components
  • interrogating the cultural and social roles and responsibilities of the theatre industry, recognising the power of drama in advocating for, and being a catalyst of change, for example, investigating how the work by contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander writers and performers for television, film, circus and comedy is impacting on community understanding about issues such as land rights and reconciliation

  VCADRR046 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 9 and 10 | Respond and Interpret

• VCIDU081

  Analyse complex noun and verb forms, and recognise when and how to use object-focus construction

  Elaborations

  • describing people and things using, for example:
    • compound nouns (sayur-mayur, merah darah)
    • acronyms (puskesmas) and abbreviations (SMU, hp)
    • indicators of groups or plurals (kaum, para, kalian)
    • terms of address (Kak, Dik, Mas, Mbak, bang) and particles (diminutive Si and honorific Sang)
    • classifiers (buah, helai, potong, ikat)
  • expressing possession using word order, for example, siswa pertukaran, kartu telepon
  • describing the qualities of people and things using, for example:
    • adjectives using me-/me-kan (menarik, menakjubkan, mengesankan)
    • adjectives using the prefix pe- (to describe enduring attributes of behaviour or character: pemalu, pendiam, pemarah, pemalas)
    • comparatives (kurang, tidak begitu, agak, se-) and superlatives (ter-)
  • referring to abstract ideas by nominalising using prefixes and suffixes, for example, pe-an, per-an (pendidikan, pelajaran, pertandingan, pengetahuan), ke-an (kebersihan, kesehatan, kedatangan, kecantikan)
  • indicating action using, for example:
    • transitive verbs, me- verb system (-kan or -i suffix) in subject- and object-focus form (with di- prefix)
    • duplication of verbs (duduk-duduk, jalan-jalan, lihat-lihat)
    • adverbs as modifiers (kurang, cukup, cuma, agak, hanya, makin…makin, baik…maupun…)
  • recognising syntactic differences between subject- and object-focus construction, for example, Dia menjual minuman itu di toko-toko, Minuman itu dijual di toko-toko
  • referring to the past, present and future, and relating events in time using adverbs, for example, dulu, yang lalu, yang akan datang, dua minggu lagi
  • contrasting ideas using conjunctions, for example, sehingga, sementara, sedangkan, sambil, oleh karena itu, andaikata, jika, bila
  • indicating register using colloquial (for example, nggak, gimana, kok, deh, lho/lo) and formal language, for example, yang terhormat, sekian
  • expressing opinions, for example, yang saya rasa, saya lebih suka, lebih…dibandingkan…, pertama-tama…sekarang…
  • influencing others by persuading using superlatives (paling…, ter-), encouraging (cobalah, mari, ayo) and advising (sebaiknya, seharusnya, mesti)
  • evaluating by using, for example, pada pendapat saya, menurut saya, di satu pihak…di pihak lain…, sebaliknya
  • expressing imagination by using imagery (angin bertiup kencang, bunga-bunga berwarna-warni), metaphor (adalah; burung bernyanyi di pohon) and simile (Matanya seperti bintang kejora, Kata-katanya bagai air mengalir)
  • using idiomatic language, for example, idioms (masuk angin, panjang tangan) and proverbs (Datang sahabat, pulang saudara; Tak kenal maka tak saying; Ada gula ada semut)
  • maintaining interaction using rhetorical devices (for example, betul?, bukan?) and verbal fillers such as kalah saya tidak salah, omong-omong, begini…
  • expressing emphasis, for example, bukan main [adjective] nya

  VCIDU081 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Digital Technologies: Levels 9 and 10 description

  In Levels 9 and 10, students apply systems thinking skills when considering how human interaction with networked systems introduces complexities surrounding access to, and the security and privacy of, data of various types. They interrogate security practices and techniques used to compress data...

  Level description | Technologies | Digital Technologies

• VCCCTM051

  Critically examine their own and others thinking processes and discuss factors that influence thinking, including cognitive biases

  Elaborations

  • discussing examples of common cognitive biases and how to mitigate for these, such as confirmation bias, for example in the context of identifying sources when undertaking research; framing bias, for example in the context of advertising; clustering illusion, for example in the context of evaluation of gambling decisions
  • researching, comparing and reflecting on thinking processes used by professionals in a range of areas, such as artists, designers and writers; academics; or political decision-making bodies

  VCCCTM051 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Meta-Cognition

• VCECU019

  Investigate the connections and distinctions between and the relative value of concepts including fairness and equality, and respect and tolerance

  Elaborations

  • discussing whether fairness and equality are the same thing, and if not, which is more important, using examples such as affirmative action, concessions for those with special needs, or differences in tax rates
  • discussing whether there are distinctions in attitudes of respect and tolerance, in relation to, for example, different views on child vaccination
  • discussing why punishments may be unequal and whether this is fair, for example, if applied to the same case in court or in a sporting tribunal

  VCECU019 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding Concepts

• VCELT454

  Reflect on, discuss and explore notions of literary value and how and why such notions vary according to context

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on and discussing responses to literature including plot events, setting details, characterisation, themes, structure and language devices used to achieve particular effects, and collaboratively formulating a list of factors that characterise merit
  • discussing, debating and evaluating the cinematic qualities and success of a film or new versions of a film
  • exploring the ways that context has shaped the representation of particular cultures, such as through the analysis of differing viewpoints in texts about different cultures or by comparing the ways texts from different periods reveal differences in viewpoints (for example differences in the portrayal of migrants in traditional and more contemporary literature)

  VCELT454 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Speaking and Listening | Literature