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• Auslan - First Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students exchange information, ideas and opinions on a broad range of social, environmental, educational and community issues. They summarise and justify points of view and use reflective language to respond to others’ opinions and perspectives, for example, RIGHT-YEAH,...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• Auslan - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use Auslan to build relationships and to initiate, sustain and extend interactions with teachers, peers and contacts in the wider community. They engage in debate and discuss aspirations and social issues, explaining and justifying positions and elaborating opinions...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCTRC076

  Compare translations of familiar Turkish texts, such as community notices or literary texts, considering factors that may have influenced the translation from one language to the other

  Elaborations

  • discussing the nature of translation with reference to strategies such as decoding literal meaning (word-for-word), reading for meaning (sense-for-sense) and cultural reading (reading between the lines)
  • comparing Turkish versions of English language community notices relating to health or education, such as notices in doctors’ waiting rooms or school notices, comparing with equivalent texts produced in Turkish-speaking communities, identifying similarities and differences that reflect cultural context and communicative styles
  • evaluating the effectiveness and accuracy of subtitles used in English or Turkish films, video clips or documentaries, finding examples of meaning ‘lost in translation’ such as The Water Diviner – Son Umut (Su Cengaveri)
  • providing annotated translations of excerpts from literary and media texts such as poems, newspaper or radio reports, identifying challenges involved in transferring meaning, expression and mood from one language and cultural tradition to another
  • comparing their translations of short literary texts, such as folktales Keloğlan, Karagöz ve Hacıvat and Nasrettin Hoca, riddles or folk songs such as türkü and mani, discussing how the process of translation clarifies understanding of the relationship between language, culture and experience, as in kına yakmak, kız isteme ve sünnet töreni
  • translating Turkish idioms and proverbs that contain cultural elements and references, such as Ateş olmayan yerden duman çıkmaz, Bir fincan kahvenin kırk yıl hatırı vardır, Üzüm üzüme baka baka kararır, ayağına kına yakmak, saman altından su yürütmek, researching stories behind the references and discussing how their meaning can be conveyed in English
  • critically evaluating the effectiveness of resources used to assist translation, such as bilingual and monolingual dictionaries, electronic translators and style guides such as İmlâ Kılavuzu

  VCTRC076 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCARC025

  Translate and interpret texts from Arabic into English and vice versa, compare own translations and interpretations with others’ and discuss reasons for differences

  Elaborations

  • translating existing texts and experimenting with unfamiliar words or expressions, reflecting on challenges associated with transferring meaning from one language to another
  • comparing one another’s translations of the same text, commenting on differences and similarities between versions and considering possible reasons for these
  • translating texts, identifying culture-specific vocabulary and expressions, such as والله ولي التوفيق؛ تقبل فائق الإحترام , discussing strategies for choosing words that best reflect the intended meaning and context
  • paraphrasing English words or expressions that have no specific equivalent in Arabic, such as ‘mufti day’ or ‘fundraiser’, and annotating them in order to convey their intended meaning
  • reflecting on the difficulty of achieving equivalence in translations of creative texts such as poems, songs and film clips, identifying words and phrases that require particular elaboration or explanation
  • experimenting with interpreting in English popular expressions, proverbs or idioms in Arabic, and reflecting on the social and cultural values that may be embedded in them
  • analysing existing translations of texts, such as film subtitles, comparing them with own translation, and reflecting on why translations may vary

  VCARC025 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCGRCE020

  Translate a range of texts that incorporate complex sentence structures and extensive vocabulary from Classical Greek into Standard English, representing the style and purpose of the texts

  Elaborations

  • reading holistically to deduce the context and content of Classical Greek texts, by identifying key words and phrases
  • applying expanded knowledge of vocabulary, grammar and problem-solving skills to translate compound sentences and complex sentences with nested clauses
  • conveying shades of meaning of a range of subtle vocabulary, for example, inferring the different connotations of a word in a particular context, such as δίκη
  • inferring the meaning of new words and expressions, using knowledge of the text type and the author’s purpose and technique, for example, ὁ λόγος (word, speech, argument, reasoning, story, computation)
  • expanding the variety of English translations for verb tenses or moods, for example, to express aspect in a command, παύου (general/ongoing) compared to παῦσαι (once)
  • deducing the meaning of new words, by drawing on prior knowledge, derivatives and connections with familiar words, for example, σαρκοφάγος, κακοδαίμων
  • recreating mood, tone and dramatic impact in English translations by selecting appropriate vocabulary, comparing and contrasting potential choices, for example, τύχη (chance, luck, fortune), συμφορά (event, circumstance, mishap, misfortune)
  • refining translations by exploring print and online Classical Greek and English dictionaries and thesauruses to consider a variety of meanings and synonyms
  • conveying emphasis and tone, such as indignation, anger or suspense, embedded in Classical Greek word order, for example, χρυσόν τε καὶ ἄργυρον φέρει ὁ Ὀδυσσεύς ἐν τῷ ἀσκῷ
  • translating complex sentence structures, such as subordinate clauses and indirect speech, for example, causal, purpose, result, indirect questions, commands, conditionals
  • rendering the precise meaning of tenses in Classical Greek into idiomatic English, for example, ἐλάμβανον/ἔλαβον
  • conveying the meaning of idiomatic expressions and culturally specific terms, for example, ἀρετή, δαίμων/δαιμόνιον/εὐδαιμονία, τα πρόβατα θόρυβον ποιεῖ, γλαύκ’Ἀθήναζε/γλαύκας εἰς Ἀθήνας, by choosing appropriate English terms and expressions
  • constructing and editing translations collaboratively with peers, using a range of ICT
  • correcting own translations to increase accuracy and better reflect register, tone and relationships
  • translating, independently or in collaboration with peers, unseen texts with compound or complex sentences, drawing on familiarity with the style and language of texts already studied

  VCGRCE020 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Translating

• VCLAE020

  Translate a range of texts that incorporate complex sentence structures and extensive vocabulary from Latin into Standard English, representing the style and purpose of the texts

  Elaborations

  • reading holistically to deduce the context and content of Latin texts, by identifying key words and phrases
  • applying expanded knowledge of vocabulary, grammar and problem-solving skills to translate compound sentences and complex sentences with nested clauses
  • conveying shades of meaning of a range of subtle vocabulary, for example, inferring the different connotations of a word in a particular context, such as virtus; causa; gero; ago
  • inferring the meaning of words and expressions, using knowledge of the text type and the author’s purpose and style, for example, res publica; rem gerere; se gerere
  • deducing the meaning of new words by drawing on prior knowledge, derivatives and connections with familiar words, for example, actores in scaena fabulam Graecam hilare agebant; dormire, obdormire; ferre, inferre, offerre
  • expanding the variety of English translations for verb tenses, for example, to express indignation, clamavit as ‘she did shout’, compared to ‘she shouted’ or ‘she has shouted’
  • recreating mood, tone and dramatic impact in English translations by selecting appropriate vocabulary, comparing and contrasting potential choices, for example, o tempora! o mores!
  • refining translations by exploring print and online Latin and English dictionaries and thesauruses to consider a variety of meanings, for example, manus, and synonyms, for example, contentus, felix, laetus
  • conveying emphasis and tone, such as indignation, anger, suspense, embedded in Latin word order, for example, effugere conati sunt, sed frustra
  • rendering the precise meaning of tenses in Latin into idiomatic English, for example, cotidie ibat; si veneris
  • expressing the meaning of idiomatic expressions and culturally specific terms by choosing appropriate English expressions and terms, for example, flocci non facio (I could care less); orationem habere (deliver a speech)
  • constructing and editing translations collaboratively with peers, using a range of ICT
  • improving own translations to increase accuracy and better reflect register, tone and characterisation
  • translating, independently or in collaboration with peers, unseen texts with compound or complex sentences, drawing on familiarity with the style and language of texts already studied

  VCLAE020 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Translating

• VCADRD043

  Structure drama to engage an audience through manipulation of dramatic action, forms and performance styles and by using design elements

  Elaborations

  • learning and applying basic concepts for interpreting texts and contexts, directing dramatic action, and using available technologies
  • focusing and strengthening the dramatic action by manipulating pace in movement and dialogue, cues, vocal tone, physical proximity between characters and transitions
  • structuring the performance space to convey dramatic meaning and sense of style for an audience
  • exploring realistic, non-realistic, innovative and hybrid dramatic forms and performance styles
  • using questions to guide play-making process when devising drama, for example, What personal meaning is intended? What political statement is this work making? How have you used critical theories about drama to make your own drama? What emotion do you want the audience to feel?

  VCADRD043 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 9 and 10 | Drama Practices

• VCITC085

  Translate a range of texts and discuss how to convey concepts across different linguistic and cultural contexts

  Elaborations

  • analysing texts such as signs and considering the lack of equivalence in translation, for example, le maschere della Commedia dell’Arte, l’abito bianco nel matrimonio, il vestito nero, i riti del funerale, la visita domenicale al cimitero, I “fiori dei morti”
  • reading and listening to multiple interpretations of the same text and to different perspectives within texts in Italian (for example, reading messages on a particular theme on social media sites, emails, blogs and wikis), and sharing understanding of cultural meanings and opinions
  • reflecting on their own experiences of the process of translating
  • using strategies to maintain the integrity of meaning of original texts when translating and interpreting for different audiences, for example, considering the use of register, colloquialisms and idioms, and explaining culture-specific concepts such as ‘the outback’ or ‘slip, slop, slap’

  VCITC085 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRC079

  Reflect on the relationship between language, culture and identity and on how this shapes and reflects ways of thinking and communicating

  Elaborations

  • considering how languages carry cultural meanings that may not always be understood by speakers of other languages
  • discussing whether being bilingual or multilingual allows for a more flexible sense of identity in ways that involve culture as well as language
  • exploring how ways of thinking, communicating and behaving reflect cultural identity, for example, by noticing when they identify more as Turkish or Australian, and how these shifts vary according to context and situation
  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using their home language in school, considering whether it impacts on their relationship with the language or on their sense of ‘balance’ in terms of identifying with different languages
  • creating a multimedia self-profile that captures elements of the experience of living across languages, communities and cultural traditions
  • comparing their responses to particular media representations of cultural difference or diversity
  • reflecting on how speakers of more than one language draw on a wider range of linguistic and cultural resources to make meaning of experience and to communicate with others

  VCTRC079 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC184

  Create and adapt bilingual texts for different settings and audiences, identifying the contextual and cultural challenges

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with different options, rephrasing until the most suitable meaning is conveyed, for example, translating 同学 as ‘classmate’ then changing it to ‘student’ or ‘peer’ as appropriate in the context （这是我的同学。 and 同学们好）
  • analysing information presented in context and being aware that what is not said also matters （言外之意), for example, 该来的人来了, implying that those who turned up earlier are 不该来的人
  • developing a deep understanding of the subtle meanings and uses of new words/phrases encountered, by comparing the ways in which words, grammar and idioms are explained in different reference sources, for example, how a 成语 is explained in English, compared to in a Chinese dictionary 成语字典 and on a 成语故事 website

  VCZHC184 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHU106

  Discern differences in patterns of sound and tone in extended Chinese speech when listening to speakers of different age, gender, and regional background

  Elaborations

  • listening to interactions between unfamiliar voices at different speeds or levels of clarity to develop auditory and comprehension skills, and discriminating between sounds heard in oral discourse, including the range of vowel and consonant combinations, for example, ‘qin’ versus ‘qing’ and ‘chi’ versus ‘qi’
  • examining the diverse meanings of words that share similar sounds, for example, the many meanings of the sound ‘shi’ and how to differentiate between 同音词 and 近音词 in different contexts (同意 and 统一)
  • comparing examples of regional variation in pronunciation (for example, the Beijing use of 儿 and the southern pronunciation of ‘shi’ and ‘si’), and noticing and describing differences in accent and tone when listening to Chinese speakers from diverse regions

  VCZHU106 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCAMAE041

  Manipulate media representations to identify and examine social and cultural values and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • exploring cultural, social and environmental issues represented in the media and re-imagining and remixing alternate versions to present a variety of perspectives on these issues.
  • utilising the techniques of ‘culture jamming’ to change the meanings of well-known media artworks such as popular advertisements
  • exploring the communication of cultural and social values in Australian music videos, for example, those by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artists

  VCAMAE041 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Represent Ideas

• VCAVAE041

  Explore how artists manipulate materials, techniques, technologies and processes to develop and express their intentions in art works

  Elaborations

  • deconstructing and appropriating a range of images, objects and/or spaces to express viewpoints, concepts, purposes and/or meanings
  • using selected techniques, technologies and processes to explore personal expression of a theme, concept or subject matter
  • experimenting with a variety of techniques and processes when exploring their intentions as artist
  • selecting, testing and experimenting with materials, techniques, technologies and processes to express ideas in multiple forms of expression

  VCAVAE041 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCAVAE040

  Explore the visual arts practices and styles as inspiration to develop a personal style, explore, express ideas, concepts and themes in art works

  Elaborations

  • developing visual images by combining and adapting materials, techniques, technologies and art making processes
  • exploring and applying ideas inspired by the style of other artists in their own artworks
  • exploring and reflecting on the connections between their own artworks and artworks from different contexts and cultures
  • experimenting with digital and virtual technologies in their artworks to enhance intended meaning
  • exploring the practices of a range of artists and identifying the influences on the development of the artists’ personal style.
  • conceptualising how visual conventions can express ideas in their artwork

  VCAVAE040 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCAVAR045

  Analyse and interpret artworks to explore the different forms of expression, intentions and viewpoints of artists and how they are viewed by audiences

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on and refining the connections in their own work between viewpoints, materials, techniques, technologies practices and processes
  • discussing artists’ use of metaphors in artworks to express ideas and influence the viewer, for example, the artist’s use of visual metaphors to express meaning and persuasion
  • investigating the practices of artists from different cultural groups, including artists from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, and their use of persuasion, communication or expression in artworks

  VCAVAR045 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 9 and 10 | Respond and Interpret

• VCCCG028

  Discuss the role of political parties and independent representatives in Australia’s system of government, including the formation of governments, and explain the process through which government policy is shaped and developed

  Elaborations

  • investigating how the contemporary party system operates in Australia’s liberal democracy and how governments are formed in parliament
  • discussing the meaning of key concepts such as parliamentary majority, the opposition, hung parliament, minority government, party platform, and mandate
  • investigating the role of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, the bureaucracy and the parliament in policy-making
  • discussing the development of government policy such as health, education, disability

  VCCCG028 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCELT440

  Interpret and analyse language choices, including sentence patterns, dialogue, imagery and other language features, in short stories, literary essays and plays

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of language devices in a range of poems, ballads or poetic extracts, and considering how their use adds to meaning and may also influence the emotional responses of listeners or readers, in varying ways
  • exploring how language devices look or sound in written or spoken texts, how they can be identified, purposes they serve and what effect they might have on how the audience responds
  • taking a particular area of study, a topic or theme and examining how different authors make use of devices like myth, icons and imagery in their work

  VCELT440 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Literature

• VCHPEP145

  Identify and critique the accessibility and effectiveness of support services based in the community that impact on the ability to make healthy and safe choices

  Elaborations

  • critiquing images and messages in the media that portray what it means to have a good time and be fun to be around, and evaluating how these images can be interpreted
  • examining local fast-food options, making healthy selections and advocating healthy choices to peers
  • exploring external influences on sexuality and sexual health behaviours, and recognising the impact that decisions and actions can have on own and others’ health and wellbeing
  • evaluating the influence of personal, family, social, environmental and cultural factors on decisions and actions young people take in relation to their health, safety and wellbeing

  VCHPEP145 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 9 and 10 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VCLVC176

  Interact in class activities that involve making suggestions, seeking clarification, praising or complimenting one another

  Elaborations

  • making suggestions or providing clarification
  • using respectful language for agreeing or disagreeing
  • asking for clarification, for example, asking how to spell a word, say or write something, or asking for the meaning of a word or expression
  • giving help, responding to instructions, offering suggestions
  • asking and responding to closed and open-ended questions, for example, in relation to class assignments or due dates
  • apologising, praising, complimenting and encouraging one another

  VCLVC176 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCLVU187

  Discuss the purpose and roles of various spoken, written and visual texts in the language

  Elaborations

  • understanding the purpose and role of different types of text in the language, for example, declaring identity, acknowledging parts of traditional belief systems, acknowledging ancestors, passing on knowledge and information, mapping resources on Country and managing natural phenomena such as weather
  • understanding that Country/Place can be interpreted as text by the community
  • discussing ways that songs function to capture language and meaning in ways similar to literature in other cultures
  • linking and sequencing ideas to form cohesive texts, using appropriate grammatical forms and elements, for example, serialisation, connectives, embedding, headings and paragraphing

  VCLVU187 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Systems of language