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• VCCCL034

  Discuss the key principles of Australia’s justice system, including equality before the law, independent judiciary, and right of appeal

  Elaborations

  • identifying the key principles and explaining what is meant by each principle and discussing how each works to protect citizens and contribute to a fair society
  • identifying and explaining factors that can undermine the application of the principles of justice, for example bribery, coercion of witnesses, trial by media, and court delays

  VCCCL034 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCG030

  Analyse how citizens’ political choices are shaped, including the influence of the media

  Elaborations

  • analysing a range of strategies used to persuade citizens’ electoral choices such as public debate, media, opinion polls, advertising, interest groups and political party campaigns
  • discussing how social media is used to influence people’s understanding of issues

  VCCCG030 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCG029

  Explain the values and key features of Australia’s system of government compared with at least one other system of government in the Asia region

  Elaborations

  • categorising the key features of Australia’s system of government, for example democratic elections and the separation of powers, and comparing and contrasting these to the key features found in another country in the Asia region, such as Japan, India or Indonesia
  • interviewing people with connections to a country in the Asia region to compare the values they associate with the system of government in that country, with those of Australia

  VCCCG029 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCG020

  Explain how citizens can participate in Australia's democracy, including the use of the electoral system, contact with their elected representatives, use of lobby groups, interest groups and direct action

  Elaborations

  • comparing the effectiveness of different forms of participation in Australia's democracy
  • investigating how elected representatives can advocate on behalf of citizens
  • analysing how opinion polls are conducted and the ways they are used in democratic debate
  • explaining how to enrol to vote in Australia and the role of the Australian Electoral Commission in the electoral process

  VCCCG020 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Government and Democracy

• Civics and Citizenship: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students explain how decisions can be made democratically and the role of local government. They recognise the importance of rules and distinguish between rules and laws. They describe how people participate in their community as active citizens and factors that shape a...

  Level description | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 3 and 4

• The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship: Scope and Sequence

  The curriculum sets out what students are expected to learn and is designed as a continuum of learning. The curriculum is being presented in a scope and sequence chart to support teachers to easily see the progression and assist in planning teaching and learning programs to meet the diverse needs...

  Overview material | Civics and Citizenship

• Civics and Citizenship: Levels 3 and 4 description

  The Level 3 and 4 curriculum introduces students to democracy in the context of the familiar and personal as well as the purpose of local government and the services it provides to the community. It explores an understanding of democracy as rule by the people through learning about decision making...

  Level description | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship

• VCCCL005

  Distinguish between rules and laws and discuss why rules and laws are important

  Elaborations

  • distinguishing between ‘laws’ (for example speeding in school zones) and ‘rules’ (for example sun safety in the school)
  • explaining the purpose of laws and recognising that laws apply to everyone in society
  • discussing examples of laws and why they are important to students’ lives

  VCCCL005 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 3 and 4 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCC037

  Discuss how and why groups, including religious groups, participate in civic life

  Elaborations

  • researching the work of a non-government organisation (NGO), philanthropist or community group, and how and why they contribute to the Australian community
  • investigating the concept of 'the common good' using examples of how religious groups participate to foster interfaith understanding or social justice

  VCCCC037 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• Civics and Citizenship: Levels 5 and 6 description

  The Level 5 and 6 curriculum introduces students to the key values of Australia’s liberal democratic system of government and the key institutions of Australia’s democratic government, including state/territory and federal parliaments, and the court system. Students learn about representative...

  Level description | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship

• VCCCG019

  Discuss the freedoms that enable active participation in Australia's democracy within the bounds of law, including freedom of speech, association, assembly, religion and movement

  Elaborations

  • explaining how each freedom supports active participation in Australia's democracy and discussing how and why the 'bounds of law' can limit these freedoms
  • considering the circumstances that can lead to dissent in a democracy

  VCCCG019 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCL013

  Explain how and why laws are enforced and describe the roles and responsibilities of key personnel in law enforcement, and in the legal system

  Elaborations

  • identifying different types of laws in our community and explaining who enforces them (road laws – police; health laws – public health department; pollution laws – environmental protection officer)
  • investigating how laws protect human rights, for example sex, disability, race and age discrimination law
  • identifying and researching the different people associated with law enforcement (such as quarantine and customs officials, and police) and the legal system (such as judges and lawyers)

  VCCCL013 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 5 and 6 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCL032

  Explain how Australia’s international legal obligations shape Australian law and government policies, including in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • listing some of the international agreements Australia has ratified and identifying examples of how each one might shape government policies and laws, for example the protection of World Heritage areas
  • researching the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
  • identifying how international conventions and declarations have shaped Australian government policies with regard to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  VCCCL032 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCG028

  Discuss the role of political parties and independent representatives in Australia’s system of government, including the formation of governments, and explain the process through which government policy is shaped and developed

  Elaborations

  • investigating how the contemporary party system operates in Australia’s liberal democracy and how governments are formed in parliament
  • discussing the meaning of key concepts such as parliamentary majority, the opposition, hung parliament, minority government, party platform, and mandate
  • investigating the role of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, the bureaucracy and the parliament in policy-making
  • discussing the development of government policy such as health, education, disability

  VCCCG028 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCL012

  Explain how state/territory and federal laws are initiated and passed through parliament

  Elaborations

  • discussing where ideas for new laws can come from, for example in response to a community concern
  • investigating the stages of the passage of a bill
  • observing an Australian parliament in session, in situ or virtually

  VCCCL012 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 5 and 6 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCL022

  Explain how Australia’s legal system aims to provide justice, including through the rule of law, presumption of innocence, burden of proof, right to a fair trial and right to legal representation

  Elaborations

  • discussing the role of the Magna Carta in establishing the principle of a fair trial
  • discussing the elements of a 'fair trial', including citizens' roles as witnesses and jurors
  • exploring how Australians can receive access to justice and legal representation, such as through legal aid
  • discussing the meaning and importance of the rule of law, presumption of innocence, and burden of proof

  VCCCL022 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCL004

  Explain how and why people make rules

  Elaborations

  • identifying how some rules can protect the rights of others, for example rules in the classroom
  • identifying who has the authority to make rules, for example at school or in a sporting club
  • investigating and explaining cultural norms behind some rule making, such as removing shoes before entering places of cultural significance

  VCCCL004 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 3 and 4 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCC007

  Describe the different cultural, religious and/or social groups to which they and others in the community may belong

  Elaborations

  • describe cultural, religious and/or social groups to which they and others in the community may belong and explain how belonging can shape personal identity
  • listing and comparing the different purposes, beliefs, traditions and symbols used by groups
  • recognising that the identity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in Australia is shaped by Country/Place, language and knowledge traditions

  VCCCC007 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 3 and 4 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity