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• VCCCG028

  Discuss the role of political parties and independent representatives in Australia’s system of government, including the formation of governments, and explain the process through which government policy is shaped and developed

  Elaborations

  • investigating how the contemporary party system operates in Australia’s liberal democracy and how governments are formed in parliament
  • discussing the meaning of key concepts such as parliamentary majority, the opposition, hung parliament, minority government, party platform, and mandate
  • investigating the role of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, the bureaucracy and the parliament in policy-making
  • discussing the development of government policy such as health, education, disability

  VCCCG028 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCL022

  Explain how Australia’s legal system aims to provide justice, including through the rule of law, presumption of innocence, burden of proof, right to a fair trial and right to legal representation

  Elaborations

  • discussing the role of the Magna Carta in establishing the principle of a fair trial
  • discussing the elements of a 'fair trial', including citizens' roles as witnesses and jurors
  • exploring how Australians can receive access to justice and legal representation, such as through legal aid
  • discussing the meaning and importance of the rule of law, presumption of innocence, and burden of proof

  VCCCL022 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCL033

  Describe the key features of Australia’s court system, including jurisdictions and how courts apply and interpret the law, resolve disputes and make law through judgments, and describe the role of the High Court in interpreting the Constitution

  Elaborations

  • creating a visual representation of the court jurisdictions in Australia
  • categorising sample cases in relation to the courts in which they would be heard, for example cases from criminal, consumer, family, human rights and environmental law
  • describing the role of a particular court, for example a supreme court, a magistrates court, or the Family Court of Australia
  • analysing how court judgments impact on the development of law, for example the role of precedents
  • examining the jurisdiction of the High Court
  • investigating an example of a High Court judgment in interpreting and applying Australian law, such as the Mabo decision

  VCCCL033 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship: Structure

  Civics and Citizenship is organised by three strands: Government and Democracy, Laws and Citizens, and Citizenship, Diversity and Identity. 

  Strands	Government and Democracy	Laws and Citizens	Citizenship, Diversity and Identity
  	Involves a study of Australian democracy and the key institutions...

  Overview material | Civics and Citizenship

• VCCCL005

  Distinguish between rules and laws and discuss why rules and laws are important

  Elaborations

  • distinguishing between ‘laws’ (for example speeding in school zones) and ‘rules’ (for example sun safety in the school)
  • explaining the purpose of laws and recognising that laws apply to everyone in society
  • discussing examples of laws and why they are important to students’ lives

  VCCCL005 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 3 and 4 | Laws and Citizens

• The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship: Learning in Civics and Citizenship

  Civics and Citizenship curriculum develops students’ knowledge of political and legal institutions and explores the nature of citizenship in a pluralistic liberal democracy. Students will develop general skills and capabilities such as an appreciation of diverse perspectives, empathy...

  Overview material | Civics and Citizenship

• The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship: Scope and Sequence

  The curriculum sets out what students are expected to learn and is designed as a continuum of learning. The curriculum is being presented in a scope and sequence chart to support teachers to easily see the progression and assist in planning teaching and learning programs to meet the diverse needs...

  Overview material | Civics and Citizenship

• The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship: Resources

  The VCAA provides a range of resources to assist teachers with implementing the Victorian Curriculum F–10. Please visit the following VCAA websites to access these resources (links open in a new window)

  • Victorian Curriculum F–10 resources

  Includes curriculum specific resources...

  Overview material | Civics and Citizenship

• VCCCG008

  Discuss the values, principles and institutions that underpin Australia’s democratic forms of government and explain how this system is influenced by the Westminster system

  Elaborations

  • explaining the role of the monarchy and its representatives in Australia including the Governor-General, and the parliaments and courts in Australia's system of government
  • discussing the meaning and importance of the values and principles of Australian democracy such as freedom, representation, majority rule, equality, fairness and justice

  VCCCG008 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 5 and 6 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCC036

  Discuss challenges to and ways of sustaining a resilient democracy and cohesive society

  Elaborations

  • discussing the concept of ‘cohesive society’ using examples from contemporary events in Australia or in other countries to identify factors that support cohesiveness
  • considering threats to Australian democracy and other democracies, such as the influence of vested interests, organised crime, corruption and lawlessness
  • identifying the safeguards that protect Australia’s democratic system and society, including shared values and the right to dissent within the bounds of the law
  • investigating processes by which individuals and groups resolve differences in Australian communities, for example negotiation, mediation and reconciliation

  VCCCC036 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity