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• VCELA433

  Explain how authors creatively use the structures of sentences and clauses for particular effects

  Elaborations

  • identifying and analysing aspects of rhetoric in speeches drawn from contemporary and earlier contexts and creating speeches of their own

  VCELA433 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA434

  Understand how spelling is used creatively in texts for particular effects

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of spelling used to create characterisation and humour, and to represent accents and styles of speech

  VCELA434 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA446

  Understand how certain abstract nouns can be used to summarise preceding or subsequent stretches of text

  Elaborations

  • exploring sections of academic and technical texts and analysing the use of abstract nouns to compact and distil information, structure argument and summarise preceding explanations

  VCELA446 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Writing | Language

• VCELA432

  Identify how vocabulary choices contribute to specificity, abstraction and stylistic effectiveness

  Elaborations

  • comparing and contrasting vocabulary choices in informative and narrative texts, considering how they are used to create precise information, abstract ideas and/or stylistic interpretations of texts
  • identifying examples of acronyms, abbreviations and proprietary words which are used creatively in texts

  VCELA432 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA431

  Analyse and explain the use of symbols, icons and myth in still and moving images and how these augment meaning

  Elaborations

  • investigating the use of symbols, for example the flag, the digger’s hat and the Southern Cross in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding of issues, for example national identity, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups

  VCELA431 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA471

  Understand conventions for citing others, and how to reference these in different ways

  Elaborations

  • understanding who to cite in essays, reviews and academic assignments and when it is appropriate to use direct quotations or to report sources more generally

  VCELA471 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language

• VCELA473

  Analyse how higher order concepts are developed in complex texts through language features including nominalisation, clause combinations, technicality and abstraction

  Elaborations

  • considering how nominalisation affects the way in which events are constructed and explained, making some information more explicit and other information less so
  • analysing how logical relations between ideas are built up by combining main with subordinate clauses indicating cause, result, manner, concession, condition, and so on (for example, ‘Although his poems were not generally well received by critics during his life (concession), Keats’ reputation grew substantially after his death’)
  • noting how technicality allows for efficient reference to shared knowledge, indicating growing expertise in the field (for example, ‘The Romantic poetry of Keats is characterised by sensual imagery, most notably in the series of odes.’)
  • observing how abstraction allows for greater generalisation at a higher level (for example, ‘the political, religious, social and economic features of the society’ – which is an abstract noun group/phrase)

  VCELA473 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language

• VCELA472

  Analyse and evaluate the effectiveness of a wide range of sentence and clause structures as authors design and craft texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising how emphasis in sentences can be changed by reordering clauses (for example, ‘She made her way home because she was feeling ill’ as compared with ‘Because she was feeling ill, she made her way home’) or parts of clauses (for example, ‘The horses raced up from the valley’ as compared with ‘Up from the valley raced the horses’)
  • recognising how the focus of a sentence can be changed through the use of the passive voice (for example compare active, ‘The police had caught the thief.’ with passive ‘The thief had been caught.’)
  • observing how authors sometimes use verbless clauses for effect (for example, ‘And what about the other woman? With her long black eyelashes and red lipstick’)
  • understanding that a sentence can begin with a coordinating conjunction for stylistic effect (for example, ‘And she went on planning to herself how she would manage it’)

  VCELA472 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language

• VCELA482

  Understand that Standard Australian English in its spoken and written forms has a history of evolution and change and continues to evolve

  Elaborations

  • investigating differences between spoken and written English by comparing the language of conversation and interviews with the written language of print texts
  • experimenting with and incorporating new words and creative inventions in own written and spoken texts
  • understanding how and why spelling became standardised and how conventions have changed over time and continue to change through common usage, the invention of new words and creative combinations of existing words

  VCELA482 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA458

  Compare the purposes, text structures and language features of traditional and contemporary texts in different media

  Elaborations

  • reproducing and adapting existing print texts for an online environment and explaining the reasons for the adaptations (for example accounting for the navigation and use of hyperlinks as structuring principles in hypertext narratives)
  • investigating the structure and language of similar text types like information reports and narratives and how these are influenced by different technological affordances (for example hyperlinks as structuring principles in hypertext narratives versus linear text sequencing principles in print narratives)

  VCELA458 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA483

  Understand how language use can have inclusive and exclusive social effects, and can empower or disempower people

  Elaborations

  • identifying language that seeks to align the listener or reader (for example 'of course', 'obviously', 'as you can imagine')
  • identifying the use of first person (I, we) and second person pronouns (you) to distance or involve the audience, for example in a speech made to a local cultural community
  • identifying references to shared assumptions
  • identifying appeals to shared cultural knowledge, values and beliefs
  • reflecting on experiences of when language includes, distances or marginalises others
  • creating texts that represent personal belief systems (such as credos, statements of ethical judgements, guidelines, letters to the editor and blog entries)

  VCELA483 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA470

  Understand how paragraphs and images can be arranged for different purposes, audiences, perspectives and stylistic effects

  Elaborations

  • analysing and experimenting with combinations of graphics, text and sound in the production of multimodal texts such as documentaries, media reports, online magazines and digital books

  VCELA470 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language

• VCELA457

  Understand that people’s evaluations of texts are influenced by their value systems, the context and the purpose and mode of communication

  Elaborations

  • considering whether ethical judgments of good, bad, right or wrong are absolute or relative through consideration of texts with varying points of view and through discussion with others
  • interpreting texts by drawing on knowledge of the historical context in which texts were created

  VCELA457 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA459

  Evaluate the impact on audiences of different choices in the representation of still and moving images

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with aspects of visual texts to establish different nuances, for example evaluating the impact of the movement of camera or light in moving images

  VCELA459 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA474

  Refine vocabulary choices to discriminate between shades of meaning, with deliberate attention to the effect on audiences

  Elaborations

  • creating texts that demand complex processes of responding, for example the inclusion of symbolism in advertising, foreshadowing in documentary and irony in humorous texts

  VCELA474 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language

• VCELA475

  Understand how to use knowledge of the spelling system to spell unusual and technical words accurately

  Elaborations

  • spelling words based on uncommon Greek and Latin roots, for example 'ec-centric' using the uncommon Latin prefix ec- meaning 'out of'

  VCELA475 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language

• VCELA271

  Understand that successful cooperation with others depends on shared use of social conventions, including turn-taking patterns, and forms of address that vary according to the degree of formality in social situations

  Elaborations

  • identifying roles and collaborative patterns in students’ own groups and pair work (for example initiating a topic, changing a topic through negotiation, affirming other speakers and building on their comments, asking relevant questions, providing useful feedback, prompting and checking individual and group understanding)

  VCELA271 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA168

  Identify rhyming words, alliteration patterns, syllables and some sounds (phonemes) in spoken words

  Elaborations

  • listening to the sounds a student hears in the word, and writing letters to represent those sounds
  • identifying rhyme and syllables in spoken words
  • identifying and manipulating sounds (phonemes) in spoken words
  • identifying onset and rime in one-syllable spoken words

  VCELA168 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA215

  Identify visual representations of characters’ actions, reactions, speech and thought processes in narratives, and consider how these images add to or contradict or multiply the meaning of accompanying words

  Elaborations

  • comparing two versions of the same story, for example ‘Jack and the Beanstalk’, identifying how a character’s actions and reactions are depicted differently by different illustrators

  VCELA215 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA213

  Know some features of text organisation including page and screen layouts, alphabetical order, and different types of diagrams

  Elaborations

  • recognising how chapters and table of contents, alphabetical order of index and glossary operate to guide access to information
  • learning about features of screen texts including menu buttons, drop down menus, links and live connections

  VCELA213 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Reading and Viewing | Language