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• VCEALL338

  Use simple forms of modality

  Elaborations

  • understanding simple modality, such as ‘if’, ‘could’, ‘might’, ‘will’, ‘must’, ‘perhaps’, when listening to others
  • beginning to use modality through verbs (‘It might rain’, ‘You can do it’) and adverbs (‘Perhaps I will go’, ‘This is really tasty’)

  VCEALL338 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL708

  Identify the role of cohesive markers in a text

  Elaborations

  • identifying cohesive markers in a text, such as ‘also’, ‘finally’, ‘however’
  • understanding the words replaced by reference items, and tracing these reference chains through a long text, for example ‘The team was reluctant to remain during the polar winter, when the sun may not be seen for over a month, as this is the most difficult time for Arctic exploration’

  VCEALL708 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL475

  Create mood and feeling through the selection of appropriate vocabulary and idiom

  Elaborations

  • choosing vocabulary to express shades of meaning, for example choosing for effect ‘cloudy’, ‘gloomy’ or ‘bleak’
  • understanding differences between specialised and colloquial language, for example ‘feline’, ‘cat’ and ‘moggy’
  • using some idioms learnt from reading and viewing, in creative or personal writing

  VCEALL475 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL774

  Demonstrate a broad technical vocabulary across the curriculum areas

  Elaborations

  • reading, with understanding, texts containing new vocabulary, some subject-specific vocabulary and figurative language
  • responding to the use of vocabulary in a text, for example by describing emotions elicited by particular words or phrases
  • creating graphic organisers, for example word clines or word maps, to illustrate the relationships between synonyms and antonyms

  VCEALL774 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL131

  Relate most letters of the alphabet to sounds

  Elaborations

  • using the common sound of each letter when reading a new word
  • understanding that a letter can represent more than one sound
  • pronouncing the sound of each letter when sounding out new words
  • recognising beginning, middle or final sounds in words

  VCEALL131 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL444

  Interpret the meaning of written text that uses a range of tenses and negation

  Elaborations

  • identifying the base word and understanding the effect of more complex tense and negation, for example in ‘had not arrived yet’
  • identifying simple passive constructions and comparing them to active constructions, such as ‘We read the book’ and ‘The book was read by our class’
  • transforming sentences from a text into negatives or different tenses

  VCEALL444 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• English | English as an Additional Language (EAL): Learning in English as an Additional Language

  The language modes and strands of the English as an Additional Language (EAL) curriculum are interrelated, and learning in one often supports and extends learning in the others. Each content description contains specific and discrete information identifying what teachers are expected to teach...

  Overview material | English as an Additional Language (EAL)

• VCEALA096

  Ask for translation of specific words from other home language speakers

  Elaborations

  • formulating questions in English and home language to clarify classroom instructions or new ideas and vocabulary
  • drawing on a range of shared languages to negotiate meaning and clarify information
  • understanding responses from peers that combine function words and topic words in home language and English
  • recording translations of new words in personal vocabulary lists, including words and definitions in English and home language

  VCEALA096 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA249

  Use appropriate non-verbal communication to sustain interaction with others

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate non-verbal communication to support meaning, such as eye contact, facial expression, gesture, posture
  • using strategies to assess engagement and understanding of listeners, including checking for attentive posture or confused facial expressions
  • asking teacher or peers about appropriate behaviour in certain situations, for example ‘Should I give eye contact?’, ‘Is it OK to shake hands?’

  VCEALA249 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA090

  Adjust speech to suit the audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • understanding the nature of social interactions with familiar people and in known settings
  • differentiating speech in a small range of situations, such as when giving a talk, speaking to a friend or adult, making an apology
  • speaking appropriately for the situation by modifying voice, body language and expression to match other speakers
  • asking about appropriate non-verbal behaviours in certain situations, for example ‘Should I give eye contact?’, ‘Is it OK to shake hands?’

  VCEALA090 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA091

  Initiate and maintain simple conversations with others

  Elaborations

  • understanding and responding to simple English expressions related to personal or familiar topics, for example answering simple questions by giving basic information about self
  • borrowing words from questions asked, for example ‘What is your hobby?’, ‘My hobby is …’
  • negotiating meaning through use of gestures, modified speech, simple questions and clarifications
  • initiating exchanges in social and learning context, for example by asking a question

  VCEALA091 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC004

  Question to check meaning so as to clarify or confirm

  Elaborations

  • checking understanding of simple, familiar instructions and routines, for example Teacher: ‘It’s playtime.’ Student: ‘Go outside?’
  • using learnt social formulas, such as ‘please’ and ‘thank you’, when asking questions
  • using simple formulaic expressions to make requests or ask questions, for example ‘Please say again’, ‘What is that?’
  • listening to and using speaker’s key words when asking for clarification, for example Teacher: ‘Paste it in your book.’ Student: ‘Language book?’
  • supplementing spoken requests with gesture and mime

  VCEALC004 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC088

  Follow a short sequence of instructions related to classroom procedures or learning activities

  Elaborations

  • following a range of classroom instructions, for example book borrowing procedures, rules for using computers
  • ordering information from a short spoken text using visual images
  • identifying key words and phrases that refer to known objects in the classroom or locations in the school
  • understanding common classroom action verbs such as ‘sit’, ‘collect’, ‘open’, ‘stop’
  • using contextual information to clarify or confirm instructions, for example the teacher’s gestures, the actions of peers

  VCEALC088 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL420

  Respond to a sequence of instructions

  Elaborations

  • identifying key words used in the instructions, for example names of classroom items, software functions or action verbs, such as ‘workbook’, ‘paste’, ‘rule’
  • understanding a small number of instructions and following them in sequence, such as ‘Open your book to a new page. Rule up the page and write the date. Then copy the heading from the board’
  • asking for clarification, for example ‘Do I rule it up like this?’

  VCEALL420 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL108

  Use words learnt from a range of classroom and social contexts

  Elaborations

  • using a range of words related to familiar topics, such as words related to family, school, colours, numbers, days, months
  • using words from lexical sets related to topics of conversation, such as words for favourite foods or pastimes
  • using words learnt from print texts, such as by asking what a word means, for example ‘I don’t understand. What’s “fete”?’

  VCEALL108 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALC002

  Respond simply to questions and prompts

  Elaborations

  • recognising familiar question stem words such as ‘Who’, ‘Where’, ‘Do’
  • understanding common or personal questions, for example ‘How old are you?’, ‘What sports do you like?’
  • giving simple responses, such as nodding, ‘yes’, ‘no’, short learnt phrases
  • responding to questions with a single word or phrase but making longer utterances by substituting words in known sentence patterns
  • expanding on basic personal information when prompted, supported and given adequate time, such as ‘My name is ...’, ‘I come from …’
  • borrowing and adapting key words from questions, for example by reordering, as in Teacher: ‘Are you finished, Ali?’ Student: ‘Ali finished’

  VCEALC002 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL103

  Use a small range of common verb forms accurately

  Elaborations

  • using some forms of the verbs ‘to be’ and ‘to have’ correctly, such as ‘Her name is Mia’
  • using correct verb endings, such as ‘–ing’, ‘–ed’, with some consistency
  • using a range of common verb tenses for familiar verbs, such as present simple tense (for example ‘walk’, ‘go’), present continuous tense (for example ‘is walking’, ‘is going’), regular and common irregular past tenses (for example ‘walked’, ‘went’)
  • understanding basic expressions of modality when listening, such as ‘want to’, ‘have to’, ‘should’
  • beginning to use basic modal verbs, such as ‘want to’, ‘have to’, ‘should’

  VCEALL103 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL102

  Apply some grammatical rules but may overgeneralise for irregular forms

  Elaborations

  • expressing simple questions mostly accurately, including ‘wh–’ questions such as ‘Where did you live before?’ or yes/no questions such as ‘Is that my book?’
  • expressing statements and commands mostly accurately, such as ‘She went home’, ‘Please give it to me’
  • using correct verb and noun endings with some consistency, such as ‘–ing’, ‘–ed’, ‘–s’
  • overgeneralising some rules, such as formation of plurals (for example ‘mouses’) and past tenses (for example ‘swimmed’, ‘buyed’)
  • understanding some common phrases or clauses in both their full and contracted forms, such as ‘I’m’ and ‘I am’; ‘you’re’ and ‘you are’

  VCEALL102 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features