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• VCEALA431

  Understand the connection between text purpose and structure

  Elaborations

  • sorting and sequencing labels for the stages of different learnt texts, such as procedures and explanations
  • completing a table or Venn diagram to compare the features of two text types, for example a narrative and a blog

  VCEALA431 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA304

  Employ a range of strategies to understand new or unknown words

  Elaborations

  • referring to written resources such as bilingual dictionaries, charts or own spelling lists
  • recording a vocabulary list that includes English, home language and other details such as an image or phonetic pronunciation
  • writing notes in home language about meaning and pronunciation when encountering new words in texts

  VCEALA304 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC612

  Understand the gist of context-reduced spoken texts

  Elaborations

  • understanding texts that are less dependent on immediate contextual support such as images
  • applying knowledge of text structures, such as introduction or topic sentences, to follow key messages

  VCEALC612 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC112

  Understand a small range of simple, familiar texts

  Elaborations

  • reading back own writing
  • reading well-known words or phrases (such as ‘Tuesday’, ‘Once upon a time’) in new contexts
  • recognising familiar vocabulary in new simple texts
  • reading a range of topic-related texts, including informative, imaginative and persuasive texts, with support

  VCEALC112 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC113

  Understand information in texts read and viewed in class

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating understanding of simple factual or fictional texts by performing a task, such as following written instructions to plant a seed in a pot, dramatising or drawing parts of a story
  • answering simple questions, indicating true/false statements or sequencing information from a text
  • matching phrases and sentences from the text to images or diagrams showing the same ideas
  • obtaining information from simple diagrams or graphs
  • demonstrating understanding of new texts and responding to them, for example reading along with repetitive sections or predicting what comes next

  VCEALC113 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC425

  Understand main ideas in a text and extract specific details

  Elaborations

  • skimming and scanning a text to identify the topic and extract specific details
  • finding answers to simple questions, such as ‘Where did …?’, ‘Who was the …?’
  • retelling a story through speech or writing, including giving characters and settings, and key events in the correct sequence

  VCEALC425 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC087

  Understand key information in a short spoken or multimodal text

  Elaborations

  • identifying familiar words used in a spoken text, such as basic vocabulary, animal names, colours
  • understanding common sentence structures that make connections between ideas, for example ‘I like pets and having fun’
  • using questions to help identify relevant items of information, for example Student 1: ‘What colour was it?’ Student 2: ‘It was blue’
  • pointing to parts of pictures that are mentioned in the text or conversation
  • identifying key points of information from short spoken texts with reduced visual support
  • understanding key information after viewing digital and multimodal texts, such as age-appropriate television shows or movies
  • listening to a story and then retelling or sequencing the story using pictures

  VCEALC087 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC242

  Ask for repetition or clarification to confirm understanding or elicit help

  Elaborations

  • composing simple requests to ask for clarification, for example ‘Please repeat’, ‘What means …?’
  • referring to the speaker’s key words when asking for clarification, for example Teacher: ‘Get your stationery’ Student: ‘What is stationery?’

  VCEALC242 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC185

  Understand some familiar words in different contexts

  Elaborations

  • recognising a friend’s name on a birthday calendar, or reading a label to select the correct book

  VCEALC185 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALL044

  Understand and use simple metalanguage for books and reading

  Elaborations

  • understanding terminology such as ‘book’, ‘author’, ‘picture’, ‘word’
  • identifying and naming elements of book layout and aspects of reading, such as word, letter, page, title, cover
  • pointing to parts of a book in response to questions such as ‘What is the author’s name?’, ‘Find the start of the sentence’

  VCEALL044 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL124

  Understand and use the basic features of different texts

  Elaborations

  • using language, layout or topic to identify the difference between factual and fictional texts
  • using texts purposefully, for example following simple procedures, locating specific information in a known text, using a simple contents page or index
  • following simple instructions to find information in a text, for example ‘Use the contents list to find the section about oceans’
  • following simple instructions to find information in a multimodal or interactive digital text by following links and headings
  • using images and headings to locate information about specific topics

  VCEALL124 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL441

  Understand the cohesion of ideas between and within paragraphs

  Elaborations

  • locating the topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph, and finding the key words to identify the main idea
  • reordering sentences in a paragraph to follow a logical order of ideas and language
  • sequencing sentences using conjunctions of time (for example ‘then’, ‘next’, ‘first’, ‘after’) to make a cohesive paragraph
  • understanding items referred to by pronouns, and tracing these references through a text

  VCEALL441 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL772

  Understand a range of verb forms in particular text types

  Elaborations

  • understanding complex verb groups, including elaborated tenses (such as ‘had not realised’), extended verb groups (such as ‘did not expect to be found’) and modality (such as ‘need to consider’)
  • recognising verb forms that are used in particular text types, such as passive voice in procedural recounts

  VCEALL772 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL582

  Understand simple descriptive language within sentences

  Elaborations

  • understanding simple noun groups with adjectives and/or simple possessive pronouns, such as ‘the small chair’, ‘my brother’s bag’
  • understanding describers and classifiers in short noun groups, for example ‘small animals’ and ‘wild animals’
  • recognising common prepositions indicating time and place, such as ‘in’, ‘on’, ‘at’

  VCEALL582 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL362

  Understand the relationships between events or ideas in a text

  Elaborations

  • sorting sentences into sets related to the same topic, and writing a heading for each set
  • arranging parts of a sentence that use cohesive devices, such as ‘after that’ and ‘because’
  • understanding the items that pronouns refer to, such as ‘The dogs … They …’

  VCEALL362 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL200

  Understand and explore the basic layout and conventions of simple texts

  Elaborations

  • answering simple questions about the features of a text, for example ‘What is the name of this text?’, ‘Where is there a list in this text?’
  • following step-by-step instructions to find information in a text, for example ‘Open up to the contents page. Now find the entry that says “Ocean”. Which page should we turn to?’

  VCEALL200 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL125

  Understand and use a small range of metalanguage for elements of texts

  Elaborations

  • understanding terminology such as ‘author’, ‘title’, ‘letter’, ‘word’, ‘sentence’
  • locating and labelling features of a text, such as author, heading, diagram, blurb
  • identifying features of a text in answer to questions, for example ‘Who is the author of this book?’, ‘Where can we find the contents page?’

  VCEALL125 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL045

  Rely on content words to understand the main idea in a text

  Elaborations

  • recognising common or learnt words in class texts
  • suggesting the topic of a text based on understanding content words in a title

  VCEALL045 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL043

  Understand and explore the basic features of different texts

  Elaborations

  • matching labels to parts of a simple text, for example the title, introduction, requirements and method of a procedure; or the title, images and text on a poster
  • answering simple questions about the features of a text, for example ‘What is the name of this text?’, ‘Where is there a list in this text?’
  • making simple predictions about the topic or purpose of the text, for example based on the introduction to an instructional video
  • following step-by-step instructions to find information in a text, for example ‘Open up the contents page. Now find the heading that says “ocean”. Which page should we turn to?’

  VCEALL043 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL418

  Understand how modal verbs express probability and possibility

  Elaborations

  • recognising modal verbs that express probability and possibility, such as ‘may’, ‘will’, ‘could’, ‘must’
  • understanding modality when listening to others and responding appropriately, for example ‘You may pack up, but you must stay inside’
  • using modal verbs to express a point of view, for example ‘I will enjoy that’ and ‘It could fall over’

  VCEALL418 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features