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• VCEALL520

  Group familiar words according to their meaning or subject matter

  Elaborations

  • categorising words based on similarities and differences in meaning or topic

  VCEALL520 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL129

  Recognise a small range of familiar words in different contexts

  Elaborations

  • using previous knowledge to read familiar words and phrases in unfamiliar texts, such as words from a high-frequency word list, and sentence starters such as ‘Once upon a time …’, ‘Today is …’
  • recognising familiar words and collocations, such as ‘the big bad wolf’, in different contexts
  • recognising some common prefixes and suffixes, such as ‘un–’ and ‘–er’, and how they change the meaning of words

  VCEALL129 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL794

  Spell words accurately using a range of strategies

  Elaborations

  • spelling accurately a wide range of words including unusual and technical words, using knowledge of spelling conventions and letter–sound relationships
  • referring to dictionaries, online tools, curriculum area texts and personal vocabulary lists to check spelling

  VCEALL794 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL175

  Use a small range of learnt word patterns for appropriate purposes

  Elaborations

  • using formulas copied from teacher, peers or texts
  • using formulas to ask questions, aid social interaction or for self-expression, such as ‘What’s the time?’, ‘Excuse me’, ‘Oh, no!’, ‘Very good!’
  • using simple grammatical patterns, for example combining subject plus verb or verb plus object, such as ‘Me eat’ or ‘Go toilet’

  VCEALL175 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL336

  Use a range of verb forms with increasing accuracy

  Elaborations

  • maintaining consistency of verb tenses in extended speech or conversation, for example using ‘–ing’ and ‘–ed’
  • using forms of ‘to be’ or ‘to have’ as auxiliaries in common verb phrases, for example ‘It was broken’, ‘I am eating’, ‘They have finished’
  • accurately using auxiliary verbs to express negative forms, such as ‘I don’t go’, ‘I couldn’t see’

  VCEALL336 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL027

  Imitate pronunciation, stress and intonation patterns

  Elaborations

  • imitating and rehearsing pronunciation, stress and intonation patterns used by the teacher and peers, such as in stories, songs, rhymes
  • developing accurate pronunciation, stress and intonation for a small range of familiar and commonly used words and phrases, including personal language, classroom language, social formulas

  VCEALL027 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL099

  Recognise questions or statements through word order and vocabulary, as well as through intonation

  Elaborations

  • distinguishing between questions and statements based on intonation
  • recognising common forms of statements, for example ‘I am …’, ‘This is …’
  • recognising ‘Who’, ‘When’, ‘Where’, ‘How’ and ‘Why’ question forms
  • recognising a range of different question openers, such as ‘Do you ...?’, ‘Can anybody …?’, ‘Is it …?’

  VCEALL099 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL388

  Write simple paragraphs with a logical sequence of sentences

  Elaborations

  • grouping sentences about the same topic into a paragraph
  • organising sentences using a simple sequence, for example chronological order of events or strong to weak arguments
  • using key words to write a simple topic sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph

  VCEALL388 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL254

  Use a range of learnt word patterns for appropriate purposes

  Elaborations

  • using formulas for a range of purposes, including asking questions, supporting social interaction or self-expression, such as ‘What’s the time?’, ‘Oh, no!’, ‘Excellent work’, ‘Well done’
  • using longer formulaic constructions to articulate needs, such as ‘Can I eat lunch?’, ‘I want to go toilet’

  VCEALL254 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL538

  Use simple verbs

  Elaborations

  • using a small range of common verbs, for example ‘go’, ‘write’, ‘like’
  • forming simple past tense verbs some of the time by adding ‘–ed’, making some errors with irregular verbs (such as ‘goed’, ‘writed’

  VCEALL538 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL586

  Understand simple punctuation when reading

  Elaborations

  • using punctuation to identify the nature of sentences, for example identifying statements by full stops and questions by question marks
  • using punctuation to identify parts of a sentence, for example pausing appropriately at full stops and commas

  VCEALL586 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL795

  Use a wide range of punctuation marks to add impact to writing

  Elaborations

  • producing texts in a range of digital formats, such as text documents, slides, infographics, simple websites, videos
  • using advanced writing and formatting functions in software applications, such as spellchecker, font styles, paragraph formatting
  • using software application functions to add, format and edit images and tables, with guidance

  VCEALL795 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL628

  Use familiar vocabulary to convey shades of meaning

  Elaborations

  • using a range of familiar vocabulary to convey shades of meaning, such as ‘good’, ‘fine’, ‘terrific’, ‘wonderful’, ‘excellent’
  • using subject-related synonyms and antonyms (such as ‘hot’, ‘warm’, ‘cool’, ‘cold’ and ‘quick’, ‘fast’, ‘slow’) to extend meaning in spoken texts

  VCEALL628 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL443

  Follow the meaning of complex sentence patterns

  Elaborations

  • reordering a jumbled sentence so that it makes sense
  • explaining the meaning of a complex sentence, for example the sentence ‘He heard the explosion that wrecked the car’ might be explained as ‘The car exploded, and the man heard it happen’

  VCEALL443 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL624

  Use a range of cohesive devices to link ideas

  Elaborations

  • using a range of coordinating conjunctions (such as ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’) to connect clauses, for example ‘She waited for Alex at the station but he didn’t come’
  • using some common subordinating conjunctions (such as ‘after’, ‘because’, ‘before’, ‘if’, ‘while’) to connect clauses, for example ‘Before you open the door, check you have your key’, ‘If it’s raining, I will still come’
  • using pronoun reference as a cohesive device to connect ideas in spoken text, for example ‘Look at the leaves. They’re falling down’

  VCEALL624 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL468

  Use a range of devices to maintain cohesion

  Elaborations

  • using conjunctions to show adding, cause, contrast or time, such as ‘When we went to the zoo the lions were sleeping. After lunch they woke up and then they roared’
  • using reference items to maintain cohesion, including pronouns (‘she’, ‘him’, ‘it’, ‘their’)
  • connecting ideas using a small range of conjunctions (‘so’, ‘and then’) and connectives (‘Therefore’, ‘In addition’)

  VCEALL468 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL772

  Understand a range of verb forms in particular text types

  Elaborations

  • understanding complex verb groups, including elaborated tenses (such as ‘had not realised’), extended verb groups (such as ‘did not expect to be found’) and modality (such as ‘need to consider’)
  • recognising verb forms that are used in particular text types, such as passive voice in procedural recounts

  VCEALL772 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL727

  Construct extended sentences using simple relative clauses and a range of common conjunctions

  Elaborations

  • using some basic relative pronouns to produce complex sentences, for example ‘They finally found the cure that they had been searching for’

  VCEALL727 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL500

  Use a range of vocabulary from lexical sets related to immediate need, interest or learning

  Elaborations

  • using a small range of words related to familiar topics, such as family, school, numbers

  VCEALL500 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL335

  Use some grammatical rules consistently

  Elaborations

  • using some grammatical rules consistently, for example formation of regular plurals, such as ‘friends’ and ‘ideas’, or regular past tense verbs, such as ‘walked’ and ‘helped’
  • over-generalising some grammatical rules, for example in formation of plurals, such as ‘mouses’ and ‘sheeps’, or in forming past tense, such as ‘eated’ and ‘buyed’

  VCEALL335 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features