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• VCGGK138

  Challenges in feeding the current and projected populations of Australia and the world, and responses to these challenges

  Elaborations

  • examining the effects of anticipated future population growth on global food production and security, and its implications for agriculture and agricultural innovation
  • researching the potential of agricultural production in northern Australia
  • identifying how poverty, food wastage, government policies and trade barriers could affect future food security
  • applying an understanding of the functioning of natural and agricultural ecosystems to investigate ways of making Australian agriculture more sustainable
  • examining a contemporary geographical issue related to food production and security and debating alternative responses that consider environmental, economic and social factors

  VCGGK138 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Biomes and food security

• The Humanities | Geography: Structure

  Geography is organised by two strands: Geographical Concepts and Skills and Geographical Knowledge.

  Strand: Geographical Concepts and Skills

  Sub-strands
  Place, space and interconnection
  Data and information

  Strand: Geographical Knowledge

  Level	Sub-strands
  Levels A – D Foundation – Level 2	Places a...

  Overview material | Geography

• VCGGK115

  Strategies used to enhance the liveability of places, especially for young people, including examples from Australia and Europe

  Elaborations

  • researching methods implemented in Australia and Europe to improve the liveability of a place, and evaluating their applicability to their own locality
  • developing a specific proposal to improve an aspect of the liveability of their place, taking into account the needs of diverse groups in the community, including, for example, young people through fieldwork in the local recreation area or Traditional Owners by developing bilingual signage or indigenous garden projects
  • discussing the impact of increasing housing density on the liveability of places, and on their environmental sustainability

  VCGGK115 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Place and liveability

• Geography: Foundation to Level 2 description

  From Foundation to Level 2, the curriculum develops the concept of place through a study of what places are like over time and how they are defined. The emphasis in F-2 is on the places in which students live, but they also start to investigate other places of similar size that are familiar to...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• VCGGK098

  Australia’s connections with other countries and how these change people and places

  Elaborations

  • investigating a significant event, such as a severe earthquake or the Olympic Games, and examining its local, regional and global effects on people and places, and discussing the types of responses
  • researching connections between Australia and countries in the Asia region, for example, through trade, migration, tourism, aid, education, defence or cultural influences; and explaining the effects of at least one of these connections on their own place and another place in Australia
  • exploring the provision of Australian government or non-government aid to a country in the Asia region or elsewhere in the world and analysing its effects on places in that country
  • investigating the influence of longitude, time zones and the International Date Line on connections with other countries

  VCGGK098 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK151

  Reasons and consequences for spatial variations in human wellbeing on a regional scale within India or another country of the Asia region; and on a local scale in Australia

  Elaborations

  • examining spatial data on human wellbeing in India to identify the regions with different levels of wellbeing, identifying patterns and debating explanations of the differences
  • examining how a person’s wellbeing is influenced by where they live, with reference to at least two different scales in a country of the Asia region
  • researching spatial differences in the wellbeing of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population across Australia, and the extent to which these differences depend on how wellbeing is measured
  • explaining the spatial pattern of human wellbeing in Australia at a local scale, such as within a city or region, and its causes

  VCGGK151 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of human wellbeing

• VCGGK145

  Environmental, economic and technological factors that influence environmental change and human responses to its management

  Elaborations

  • identifying human-induced environmental changes, such as water and atmospheric pollution, loss of biodiversity, degradation of land, inland and coastal aquatic environments, and evaluating the challenges they pose for the sustainability of environmental functions
  • evaluating the concept of ecosystem services and the importance of these services for sustainability of biodiversity
  • discussing whether environmental change is necessarily a problem that should be managed
  • proposing geographical management strategies for the environmental change being investigated, for example, establishing reserves and corridors to preserve biodiversity (a spatial strategy), ecosystem-based management (an environmental strategy), urban planning to reduce energy consumption (a spatial strategy), and addressing the underlying as well as immediate causes of environmental change (holistic thinking)
  • applying the concept of place to explain the variety of strategies and solutions to similar environmental changes in different places

  VCGGK145 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Environmental change and management

• VCGGK111

  Factors that influence the decisions people make about where to live and their perceptions of the liveability of places

  Elaborations

  • investigating their and others’ interpretations of the concept of liveability and why what makes a place liveable may vary from person to person according to age, education, income, cultural background and other variables
  • comparing student access to and use of places and spaces in their local area and evaluating how this affects perceptions of liveability
  • discussing why many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples live on their Country/Place or might prefer to if they had the choice

  VCGGK111 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Place and liveability

• VCGGK083

  Similarities and differences in individuals’ and groups’ feelings and perceptions about places, and how they influence views about the protection of these places

  Elaborations

  • reading and viewing poems, songs, paintings and stories concerning people’s feelings about places as part of an exploration of the factors that influence views on the protection of places
  • discussing why it is important to protect places that have special significance for people. For example, a wetland, a site sacred to Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples , a national park or a World Heritage site
  • designing actions that people could take to protect and improve places in the local area that people perceive as important and discussing the likely reactions of different groups of people to these ideas

  VCGGK083 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• VCGGK070

  Activities in the local place and reasons for their location, and the influence of purpose, distance and accessibility on the frequency with which people visit places

  Elaborations

  • identifying the activities located in their place, such as retailing, medical, educational, police, religious, recreational, farming, manufacturing or office activities, locating them on a pictorial map, and suggesting why they are located where they are
  • investigating the places they and their families visit for shopping recreation, religious or ceremonial activities, or other reasons
  • suggesting what the pattern of visits to places might have been two generations ago and comparing this to their current pattern
  • investigating how people's patterns of visits to places are affected by transport and information and telecommunications technologies

  VCGGK070 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCGGC102

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from useful primary and secondary sources, using ethical protocols

  Elaborations

  • gathering from a range of primary and digital sources, for example, from GIS layers, observation, annotated field sketches, surveys and interviews, or photographs, relevant data about the impacts of and responses to a hydrological hazard, or the factors influencing decisions people make about where to live
  • collecting geographical information from secondary sources, such as digital sources, thematic maps, weather maps, climate graphs, compound column graphs and population pyramids, reports, census data and the media
  • applying ethical research methods, including the use of protocols for consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
  • considering the usefulness of primary and secondary data by finding out when it was collected and for what purpose, and comparing this to the purpose of research
  • gathering relevant data about the ways to protect significant landscapes from a range of primary and digital sources, such as from observation, annotated field sketches, surveys and interviews, or photographs

  VCGGC102 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGC085

  Describe and explain the diverse characteristics of places in different locations from local to global scales

  Elaborations

  • researching the population size and density of a selection of countries around the world
  • exploring the diversity of environments and types of settlement, in the Asia region, or in part of the region, or in a country in either North-East, South-East or South Asia and discussing any patterns
  • researching the proportions of the Australian population and of the population from their local area who were born in each world cultural region, using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and then comparing aspects of selected cultures
  • investigating the similarities and differences in languages, religions and spiritual traditions between Australia and selected countries of the Asia region and other parts of the world
  • examining how the use of space within an area may be influenced by designation of land, for example, national parks, reserves, significant sites

  VCGGC085 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGK152

  Different ways of measuring and mapping human wellbeing and development, and how these can be applied to measure differences between places

  Elaborations

  • examining and comparing different concepts of human wellbeing, including those held by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • identifying and evaluating different ways of measuring wellbeing, such as per capita income or the UN Human Development Index, and applying them to investigate spatial variations in human wellbeing and comparing the results from different measures
  • examining the United Nations Millennium Development Goals and their relationship to human wellbeing
  • identifying trends in human wellbeing in countries over time

  VCGGK152 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of human wellbeing

• VCGGK121

  Causes of a geomorphological hazard and its impacts on places and human responses to it to minimise harmful effects on places in the future

  Elaborations

  • investigating the natural causes and spatial distribution of a geomorphological hazard. For example, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and avalanches
  • discussing the extent to which human alteration of environments has contributed to the occurrence of the geomorphological hazard
  • describing how the effects caused by geomorphological hazards are influenced by social, cultural and economic factors. For example, where people choose to live, poverty, and lack of infrastructure and resources to prepare and respond
  • researching how the application of principles of prevention, mitigation and preparedness minimises the harmful effects of geomorphological hazards
  • investigating the negative and positive impacts of bushfires on Australian landscapes and ways of responding to the risk and events of bushfires

  VCGGK121 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Landforms and landscapes

• VCGGK080

  The many Countries/Places of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples throughout Australia, and the custodial responsibility they have for Country/Place, and how this influences views about sustainability

  Elaborations

  • investigating how the Australian continent was (and still is) divided into many Aboriginal Countries and Torres Strait Islander Places, drawing on languages maps, geographical features and other sources such as Traditional Owners
  • compare the characteristics of two Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Countries/Places. For example, where students live and one elsewhere in Australia
  • exploring how oral traditions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were used to describe Country/Place
  • recognising that the distribution of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples before colonisation was concentrated in more productive areas such as in the coastal and riverine areas of Australia and investigating how Aboriginal people were able to trade across the continent
  • investigating how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ ways of living were adapted to the resources of their Country/Place. For example, the alpine country of the Ngarigo People, the rainforests, beaches and dunes of the KuKu Yalanji People, the desert country of the Arrernte People, the savannah country of the Jawoyn People, the riverine plains of the Wiradjuri People, and the local Country/Place

  VCGGK080 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• Geography: Level D achievement standards

  By the end Level D, students label familiar routine places and some of their features and the related activities undertaken in these places. They recognise places can have a special purpose or connection for some people. Students reflect on their learning to suggest ways they can care for a familiar...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography | Level D

• VCGGK107

  The quantity and variability of Australia’s water resources compared with those in other continents and how water balance can be used to explain these differences

  Elaborations

  • investigating the main causes of rainfall and applying their geographical knowledge to explain the seasonal rainfall patterns in their own place and in a place with either significantly higher or lower rainfall
  • interpreting the spatial distribution of rainfall in Australia and comparing it with that of other continents
  • using the concept of the water balance (the relationship between rainfall, evaporation and runoff) to explain the differences between Australia and other continents in water resources

  VCGGK107 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Water in the world

• VCGGK064

  Definition of places as parts of the Earth’s surface that have been given meaning by people, and how places can be defined at a variety of scales

  Elaborations

  • examining the names of features and places in the local area, and the meaning of these names and why they were chosen
  • investigating the names and meanings given to local features and places by the local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • describing the hierarchy of places: from the personal scale of their home, the local scale of their suburb or town, the regional scale of their state, to the national scale of their country

  VCGGK064 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCGGC088

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from the field and secondary sources, using ethical protocols

  Elaborations

  • developing questions about the way connections affect places and people’s perceptions of places and collecting related data and information
  • planning an investigation to identify how significant events can connect places. For example, the Olympics or a tsunami
  • identifying the purpose and usefulness of information gained from primary and secondary sources such as fieldwork, maps, plans, photographs, satellite images, statistical sources and reports
  • finding out how to conduct ethical research with people and communities, including the protocols for consultation with local Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander communities
  • exchanging geographical information from schools in countries of the Asia region
  • interviewing people, for example, on their knowledge and opinions of other places

  VCGGC088 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• Geography: Level C achievement standards

  By the end of Level C, students label personally significant places and what they do in the place. Students demonstrate a few ways they can care for a familiar place by creating a simple rule for this place.

  Students observe the familiar features of places and assist to represent these features...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography | Level C