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• VCGGK080

  The many Countries/Places of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples throughout Australia, and the custodial responsibility they have for Country/Place, and how this influences views about sustainability

  Elaborations

  • investigating how the Australian continent was (and still is) divided into many Aboriginal Countries and Torres Strait Islander Places, drawing on languages maps, geographical features and other sources such as Traditional Owners
  • compare the characteristics of two Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Countries/Places. For example, where students live and one elsewhere in Australia
  • exploring how oral traditions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were used to describe Country/Place
  • recognising that the distribution of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples before colonisation was concentrated in more productive areas such as in the coastal and riverine areas of Australia and investigating how Aboriginal people were able to trade across the continent
  • investigating how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ ways of living were adapted to the resources of their Country/Place. For example, the alpine country of the Ngarigo People, the rainforests, beaches and dunes of the KuKu Yalanji People, the desert country of the Arrernte People, the savannah country of the Jawoyn People, the riverine plains of the Wiradjuri People, and the local Country/Place

  VCGGK080 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• VCGGK082

  Types of natural vegetation and the significance of vegetation to the environment, the importance of environments to animals and people, and different views on how they can be protected; the use and management of natural resources and waste, and different views on how to do this sustainably

  Elaborations

  • exploring how vegetation produces the oxygen all land animals (including people) breathe, protects land from erosion by water or wind, retains rainfall, provides habitat for animals, shelters crops and livestock, provides shade for people, cools urban places, produces medicines, wood and fibre, and can make places appear more attractive
  • explaining how people’s connections with their environment can also be aesthetic, emotional and spiritual
  • describing how natural processes can break down and recycle some wastes safely. For example, through composting or purifying water as it moves through the environment
  • investigating where a particular renewable natural resource comes from and how it is used, what sustainable use of this resource might mean and comparing a strategy to reduce the use of the resource (for example, recycling paper) with a strategy to increase the output of this resource (for example, planting more trees)
  • visiting a national park and discussing different views on development in the park

  VCGGK082 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• Geography: Levels 3 and 4 description

  In Levels 3 and 4, the curriculum continues to develop students’ mental map of the world and their understanding of place through examining the major characteristics of Australia, Australia's neighbouring countries and Africa and South America. The concept of place is developed by examining...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• The Humanities | Geography: Rationale and Aims

  Rationale

  The Geography curriculum presents a structured way of exploring, analysing and understanding the characteristics of the places that make up our world, using the concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale and change. It addresses scales from the personal...

  Overview material | Geography

• The Humanities | Geography: Learning in Geography

  Concepts

  The Geography curriculum identifies the concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale and change, as integral to the development of geographical understanding. These are high-level ideas or ways of thinking that can be applied across the subject to identify...

  Overview material | Geography

• VCGGK147

  Causes and consequences of an environmental change, comparing examples from Australia and at least one other country

  Elaborations

  • using the concept of a system to examine the interconnections between biophysical processes and the human actions, and their underlying causes, that generate environmental change, together with the consequences of these changes
  • evaluating the effects of the environmental change on the sustainability of the environment

  VCGGK147 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Environmental change and management

• VCGGK148

  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ approaches to custodial responsibility and environmental management in different regions of Australia

  Elaborations

  • researching the role of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in environmental management
  • explaining Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander models of sustainability that contribute to broader conservation practices
  • discussing why land management agencies are working with Traditional Owners to manage environmental change and challenges

  VCGGK148 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Environmental change and management

• VCGGK145

  Environmental, economic and technological factors that influence environmental change and human responses to its management

  Elaborations

  • identifying human-induced environmental changes, such as water and atmospheric pollution, loss of biodiversity, degradation of land, inland and coastal aquatic environments, and evaluating the challenges they pose for the sustainability of environmental functions
  • evaluating the concept of ecosystem services and the importance of these services for sustainability of biodiversity
  • discussing whether environmental change is necessarily a problem that should be managed
  • proposing geographical management strategies for the environmental change being investigated, for example, establishing reserves and corridors to preserve biodiversity (a spatial strategy), ecosystem-based management (an environmental strategy), urban planning to reduce energy consumption (a spatial strategy), and addressing the underlying as well as immediate causes of environmental change (holistic thinking)
  • applying the concept of place to explain the variety of strategies and solutions to similar environmental changes in different places

  VCGGK145 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Environmental change and management

• Geography: Levels 9 and 10 description

  In Levels 9 and 10, students consider changes in the characteristics of places and the implications of these. They consider significant spatial distributions and patterns and evaluate their implications, and consider interconnections between and within places and changes resulting from these,...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• VCGGK135

  The interconnection between food production and land and water degradation; shortage of fresh water; competing land uses; and climate change, for Australia and other areas of the world

  Elaborations

  • exploring environmental challenges to food production from land degradation (soil erosion, salinity, desertification), industrial pollution, water scarcity and climate change
  • identifying the impacts on food production from competing land uses. For example, urban and industrial uses, mining, production of food crops for biofuels, production of food crops for livestock, and recreation (such as golf courses)
  • evaluating whether some ways of increasing food production could threaten sustainability

  VCGGK135 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Biomes and food security

• VCGGK138

  Challenges in feeding the current and projected populations of Australia and the world, and responses to these challenges

  Elaborations

  • examining the effects of anticipated future population growth on global food production and security, and its implications for agriculture and agricultural innovation
  • researching the potential of agricultural production in northern Australia
  • identifying how poverty, food wastage, government policies and trade barriers could affect future food security
  • applying an understanding of the functioning of natural and agricultural ecosystems to investigate ways of making Australian agriculture more sustainable
  • examining a contemporary geographical issue related to food production and security and debating alternative responses that consider environmental, economic and social factors

  VCGGK138 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Biomes and food security

• VCGGK126

  The challenges of managing and planning Australia’s urban future

  Elaborations

  • examining the forecasts for the size of Australia’s major cities and regional urban centres, and discussing the implications for their environmental sustainability and liveability
  • investigating ways of managing the projected growth of Australia’s cities and regional urban centres
  • exploring the arguments for and against a more balanced distribution of the urban population
  • examining how Canberra can be used as an example of urban decentralisation
  • proposing action to respond to geographical issues related to urbanisation

  VCGGK126 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Changing nations

• VCGGK115

  Strategies used to enhance the liveability of places, especially for young people, including examples from Australia and Europe

  Elaborations

  • researching methods implemented in Australia and Europe to improve the liveability of a place, and evaluating their applicability to their own locality
  • developing a specific proposal to improve an aspect of the liveability of their place, taking into account the needs of diverse groups in the community, including, for example, young people through fieldwork in the local recreation area or Traditional Owners by developing bilingual signage or indigenous garden projects
  • discussing the impact of increasing housing density on the liveability of places, and on their environmental sustainability

  VCGGK115 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Place and liveability

• VCGGC074

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from the field and other sources

  Elaborations

  • using contemporary issues reported in the media to initiate questions about the sustainable use of resources and collect related data and information
  • brainstorming ways that data might be collected and recorded, choosing, with teacher guidance, the most effective method for a given investigation
  • using maps, ground and aerial photographs and satellite images or a digital application, such as NASA Worldwind or Google Earth, to identify, locate and describe different types of settlements or to explore the extent of vegetation in an area
  • interviewing people about their feelings and attachment to places
  • acquiring geographical information from schools in geographically contrasting parts of Australia and/or neighbouring countries

  VCGGC074 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGC132

  Analyse and evaluate data, maps and other geographical information using digital and spatial technologies and Geographical Information Systems as appropriate, to develop identifications, descriptions, explanations and conclusions that use geographical terminology

  Elaborations

  • constructing a graph to show the relationship between growth in world population and world food production
  • comparing maps showing transport networks with survey responses on personal mobility
  • analysing environmental change, such as the clearance of vegetation or a plan for a vegetation corridor, using topographic maps and satellite images
  • identifying the relevant layers of a Geographical Information System and using them to investigate how they can portray and analyse demographic, economic and environmental data, and investigating the use of GIS by organisations.
  • testing conclusions by considering alternative points of view about an area of investigation and providing a response using as organisers at least two of the concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale and change

  VCGGC132 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGC076

  Interpret maps and other geographical data and information to develop identifications, descriptions, explanations and conclusions, using geographical terminology including simple grid references, compass direction and distance

  Elaborations

  • constructing tables or graphs to show the similarities and differences between places, and discussing possible reasons for them
  • discussing and comparing how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples may represent places and their features visually, for example, in paintings and sand drawings, and identifying the symbols and patterns used.
  • comparing a range of thematic maps, for example, maps of relief, climate, vegetation, animals and bird life to find relationships
  • using geographical terms to explain relationships, for example between the environment and sustaining life
  • describing the relative location of different features in a place by distance and compass direction. For example, from their home to the local waste management site

  VCGGC076 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGK137

  Land and resource management strategies used by Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander peoples to achieve food security over time

  Elaborations

  • investigating the knowledge and practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples that enabled them to use resources and environments sustainably (such as rotational use and harvesting of resources through planned movement, controlled burning, temporary or permanent prohibitions on hunting animals and harvesting plants, and limitations on harvesting) and how some of this knowledge is currently shared among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and also with non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • investigating the impacts of alterations of biomes on the productivity and availability of staple resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, for example, the Murnong (yam daisy) in Victoria

  VCGGK137 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Biomes and food security

• VCGGK120

  Spiritual, cultural and aesthetic value of landscapes and landforms for people, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, that influence the significance of places, and ways of protecting significant landscapes

  Elaborations

  • discussing the significance of landscapes in literature, song/music, film, art and identity
  • analysing the role of landforms and landscapes in tourism. For example, Uluru in Australia or the Grand Canyon in the USA
  • exploring the multilayered meanings (material, cultural and spiritual wellbeing) associated with landscapes and landforms by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • identifying different views about the recreational, psychological, aesthetic and spiritual value of particular environments and about the nature and extent of their protection, and discussing how this links to ideas about environmental sustainability
  • investigating a significant landscape that is threatened by human activities and developing a proposal for the future of the landscape that takes account of the views of the diverse groups, including Traditional Owners, with an interest in its use or protection

  VCGGK120 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Landforms and landscapes

• VCGGC104

  Analyse maps and other geographical data and information using digital and spatial technologies as appropriate, to develop identifications, descriptions, explanations and conclusions that use geographical terminology

  Elaborations

  • using aerial images of contrasting places to identify differences in housing density
  • using graphs, weather maps and satellite images to examine the temporal and spatial patterns of a selected hydrological hazard in Australia and another region of the world, such as countries of the Asia region, or from the Pacific region
  • using digital maps and overlays of an area to observe, describe and contrast the spatial associations of geographical phenomena. For example, the relationship between economic activities and river systems and the availability of surface water
  • interpreting topographic maps and digital terrain models, cross-sections or block diagrams to investigate landforms and their features
  • reviewing the results of an analysis to propose and defend answers to a question, emphasising at least one of the geographical concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale or change

  VCGGC104 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information