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• Geography: Levels 3 and 4 description

  In Levels 3 and 4, the curriculum continues to develop students’ mental map of the world and their understanding of place through examining the major characteristics of Australia, Australia's neighbouring countries and Africa and South America. The concept of place is developed by examining...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• VCGGK065

  Connections of people in Australia to other places in Australia and across the world

  Elaborations

  • examining the ways people are connected to other places through, for example, relatives, friends, things people buy or obtain, holidays, sport, family origin, beliefs, and places of particular significance
  • discussing how their place may be connected to events that have happened in other places, for example, sporting events such as the Olympic Games or natural disasters like the tsunami in Indonesia

  VCGGK065 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCGGK093

  Differences in the demographic, economic, social and cultural characteristics of countries across the world

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of indigenous peoples who live in different regions in the world and appreciating their similarities and differences. For example, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia, Maori of Aotearoa New Zealand, the First Nations of North America and the Orang Asli of Malaysia and Indonesia
  • investigating the relationship between per capita income, health (as measured by life expectancy) and energy consumption in a selection of countries around the world, including at least one country from the Asia region
  • comparing people’s lives in places with different levels of income
  • investigating the similarities and differences in languages, religions and spiritual traditions between Australia and selected countries of the Asia region and other parts of the world
  • researching the proportions of the Australian population and of the population from their local area who were born in each world cultural region, using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and then comparing aspects of selected cultures

  VCGGK093 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• The Humanities | Geography: Learning in Geography

  Concepts

  The Geography curriculum identifies the concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale and change, as integral to the development of geographical understanding. These are high-level ideas or ways of thinking that can be applied across the subject to identify...

  Overview material | Geography

• VCGGK079

  Representation of Australia as states and territories, and Australia’s major natural and human characteristics

  Elaborations

  • using geographical tools, such as a globe, wall map or digital application like Google Earth, to locate the states and territories, major cities and regional centres in their own state, and then naming them
  • identifying the major natural features of Australia, such as rivers, deserts, rainforests, the Great Dividing Range and the Great Barrier Reef and describing them with annotations on a map
  • identifying the pattern of population distribution across Australia

  VCGGK079 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• VCGGK064

  Definition of places as parts of the Earth’s surface that have been given meaning by people, and how places can be defined at a variety of scales

  Elaborations

  • examining the names of features and places in the local area, and the meaning of these names and why they were chosen
  • investigating the names and meanings given to local features and places by the local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • describing the hierarchy of places: from the personal scale of their home, the local scale of their suburb or town, the regional scale of their state, to the national scale of their country

  VCGGK064 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCGGK068

  Natural, managed and constructed features of places, their location and how they change

  Elaborations

  • identifying the places they live in and belong to and places they are familiar with, for example, a neighbourhood, suburb, town or rural locality and describing their features
  • recounting Aboriginal Dreaming stories and/or Legends of the Torres Strait that identify the natural features of a place
  • using observations to identify and describe natural features (for example, hills, rivers, native vegetation), managed features (for example, farms, parks, gardens, plantation forests) and constructed features (for example, roads, buildings) of the local place, and locating them on a map
  • using observations and/or photographs to identify changes in natural, managed and constructed features in their place. For example, recent erosion, revegetated areas, planted crops or new buildings
  • identifying constructed features such as eel traps and exploring activities in local rivers and lakes

  VCGGK068 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCGGK063

  Representation of the location of places and their features on maps and models, including a globe, and the location of the major geographical divisions of the world in relation to Australia

  Elaborations

  • creating story-maps or models to represent the location of the places and features in their local area, or class stories, poems or rhymes
  • identifying the ways Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples represent the location of Country/Place and their features. For example, by inscriptions on stone, stories, sand, bark and cave paintings, song, music and dance
  • describing how the globe is a representation of the world and locating Australia and other places on a globe
  • using geographical tools, such as a globe and world map, or electronic atlases, to locate the continents, oceans, equator, North and South Poles, tropics and hemispheres and then labelling an outline map
  • describing the location of continents and oceans relative to Australia using terms such as north, south, near, far

  VCGGK063 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCGGK142

  Effects of the production and consumption of goods on places and environments throughout the world and including a country from North-East Asia

  Elaborations

  • exploring the environmental impacts of the consumer product on the places that produce the raw materials, make the product, and receive the wastes at the end of its life
  • identifying the effects of international trade in consumer products on Australian places
  • evaluating the effects of international demand for food products on biodiversity throughout the world, in the places of their production

  VCGGK142 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of interconnection

• VCGGK138

  Challenges in feeding the current and projected populations of Australia and the world, and responses to these challenges

  Elaborations

  • examining the effects of anticipated future population growth on global food production and security, and its implications for agriculture and agricultural innovation
  • researching the potential of agricultural production in northern Australia
  • identifying how poverty, food wastage, government policies and trade barriers could affect future food security
  • applying an understanding of the functioning of natural and agricultural ecosystems to investigate ways of making Australian agriculture more sustainable
  • examining a contemporary geographical issue related to food production and security and debating alternative responses that consider environmental, economic and social factors

  VCGGK138 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Biomes and food security

• VCGGK081

  Main climates of the world and the similarities and differences between the climates of different places

  Elaborations

  • discussing how weather contributes to a climate type and identifying the difference between climate and weather
  • identifying and locating the broad climatic zones of the world: hot, temperate and polar
  • identifying and locating examples of the main climatic types in Australia and the world, for example, equatorial, tropical, arid, semi-arid, temperate and Mediterranean
  • investigating and comparing what it would be like to live in a place with a climate different to their own place

  VCGGK081 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• VCGGK108

  Nature of water scarcity and the role of humans in creating and overcoming it, including studies drawn from Australia and West Asia and/or North Africa

  Elaborations

  • investigating the causes of water scarcity. For example, an absolute shortage of water (physical), inadequate development of water resources (economics), or the way water is used
  • comparing the effectiveness in reducing water scarcity of methods that increase the supply of water (such as recycling waste water, stormwater harvesting and re-use, desalination and inter-regional transfer of water) with methods that reduce the demand for water (such as pricing, changing the use of water and water restrictions)
  • examining why water is a difficult resource to manage. For example, difficulties in accounting for its economic value, its competing uses and variability of supply over time and space
  • explaining why some land use management practices such as land cleaning and some farming practices have adversely affected water supply

  VCGGK108 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Water in the world

• Geography: Levels 7 and 8 description

  In Levels 7 and 8, students examine the processes that influence the characteristics of places. They consider spatial distributions and patterns and their implications and consider interconnections between and within places and changes resulting from these. This further develops their understanding...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• The Humanities | Geography: Rationale and Aims

  The VCAA has published the Victorian Curriculum F–10 Version 2.0. To view the curriculum, familiarisation resources and support material, go to the Victorian Curriculum F–10 Version 2.0 website.
  
  Go to the VCAA website to explore the timeline for familiarisation and implementation of...

  Overview material | Geography

• VCGGK082

  Types of natural vegetation and the significance of vegetation to the environment, the importance of environments to animals and people, and different views on how they can be protected; the use and management of natural resources and waste, and different views on how to do this sustainably

  Elaborations

  • exploring how vegetation produces the oxygen all land animals (including people) breathe, protects land from erosion by water or wind, retains rainfall, provides habitat for animals, shelters crops and livestock, provides shade for people, cools urban places, produces medicines, wood and fibre, and can make places appear more attractive
  • explaining how people’s connections with their environment can also be aesthetic, emotional and spiritual
  • describing how natural processes can break down and recycle some wastes safely. For example, through composting or purifying water as it moves through the environment
  • investigating where a particular renewable natural resource comes from and how it is used, what sustainable use of this resource might mean and comparing a strategy to reduce the use of the resource (for example, recycling paper) with a strategy to increase the output of this resource (for example, planting more trees)
  • visiting a national park and discussing different views on development in the park

  VCGGK082 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• Geography: Foundation to Level 2 description

  From Foundation to Level 2, the curriculum develops the concept of place through a study of what places are like over time and how they are defined. The emphasis in F-2 is on the places in which students live, but they also start to investigate other places of similar size that are familiar to...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• Geography: Levels 9 and 10 description

  In Levels 9 and 10, students consider changes in the characteristics of places and the implications of these. They consider significant spatial distributions and patterns and evaluate their implications, and consider interconnections between and within places and changes resulting from these,...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• VCGGK084

  Similarities and differences between places in terms of their type of settlement, demographic characteristics and the lives of the people who live there

  Elaborations

  • exploring different types of settlement, and classifying them into hierarchical categories, for example, isolated dwellings, outstations, isolated communities, villages, towns, regional centres and large cities
  • investigating the diversity of people who live in their place, using census data on age, birthplace, ancestry, language, religious affiliation, family composition or household composition, comparing them with the people in another place in Australia, and discussing their results
  • discussing the similarities and differences in the types of work and other activities people do in their own place with a different type of place in Australia and a place in another country
  • examining the similarities and differences between their daily lives and those of young people in a place outside Australia and discussing what it would be like to live in these places
  • proposing possible actions that could promote awareness about the similarities and differences between particular places and discussing reasons for raising this awareness

  VCGGK084 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• VCGGC073

  Identify and explain the interconnections within places and between places

  Elaborations

  • identifying the main types of natural vegetation, including forest, savannah, grassland, woodland and desert, and explaining the relationship between climate and natural vegetation
  • describing how natural processes can break down and recycle some wastes safely. For example, through composting or purifying water as it moves through the environment
  • exploring how vegetation produces the oxygen all land animals (including people) breathe, protects land from erosion by water or wind, retains rainfall, provides habitat for animals, shelters crops and livestock, provides shade for people, cools urban places, produces medicines, wood and fibre, and can make places appear more attractive
  • investigating and comparing what it would be like to live in a place with a climate different to their own place
  • recognising that the distribution of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples before colonisation was concentrated in more productive areas such as in the coastal and riverine areas of Australia

  VCGGC073 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGK146

  Environmental worldviews of people and their implications for environmental management

  Elaborations

  • describing the role of people’s environmental worldviews, for example, human-centred and earth-centred, in producing different attitudes and approaches towards environmental management
  • comparing the differences in people’s views about the causes of environmental issues in Australia and across the world
  • explaining people’s choices of methods for managing or responding to environmental changes
  • discussing the influence of people’s world views on programs for the management of the environmental change being investigated

  VCGGK146 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Environmental change and management