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• VCHIC008

  Explain the meaning of simple Hindi words, phrases and gestures, noticing similarities or differences with English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising that every language has its own words, sounds and gestures that it uses to make meaning
  • translating and explaining the meaning of Hindi words and expressions often used by children of their age, for example, अच्छा!, comparing with expressions they use in similar situations in English
  • translating simple classroom texts, such as captions, signs, word lists, charts
  • demonstrating body language, gestures or facial expressions that they use with families and friends when speaking Hindi, such as moving the head in different ways to mean different things
  • explaining why particular forms of behaviour accompany interactions such as greetings in Hindi, for example, touching the feet of elders while saying प्रणाम to show respect, and receiving blessings

  VCHIC008 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC047

  Compare their experiences of moving between Hindi and English, considering advantages and challenges involved in using more than one language

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of being bilingual or multilingual, identifying ways in which they draw upon different language and cultural resources to make meaning
  • identifying benefits of knowing more than one language and considering whether moving between languages affects their sense of identity or ‘belonging’
  • comparing their family cultures, considering how their family and community life shape their sense of identity and how culture is reflected in their daily activities and interests
  • evaluating their ability to communicate across and through different languages and to use their language and cultural skills in Hindi and English to best effect
  • comparing observations about how interacting in Hindi feels different to interacting in English, identifying ways of socialising or communicating that they see to be culture-specific

  VCHIC047 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIC010

  Notice and describe ways in which they use Hindi and English and how these involve different words and behaviours according to the context

  Elaborations

  • noticing differences in ways they communicate with friends and family in Hindi and English, such as using different forms of address in Hindi for relatives on a father’s or mother’s side of the family, for example, बुआ जी for a father’s sister and मौसी जी for a mother’s sister; and using first names in English when addressing parents of their friends
  • noticing which language they choose to use in which contexts, and when they mix or switch between Hindi, English or other languages, for example, when playing with friends, interacting with grandparents or reciting prayers
  • noticing aspects of Hindi that relate to culture, such as using terms like दीदी when speaking to a woman who is older but not yet old enough to be addressed as माताजी
  • describing how it feels to use Hindi in the classroom compared to using it at home or in their community
  • developing language for talking about language and culture, for example, using terms such as ‘difference’, ‘behaviour’ and ‘culture’, and considering questions such as लोग ऐसा क्यों/किसलिए करते हैं?

  VCHIC010 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIU032

  Notice differences between simple spoken, written and multimodal texts used in different contexts, comparing with similar texts in English

  Elaborations

  • recognising features of familiar genres of Hindi texts, such as digital books or puppet shows, video clips or children’s songs
  • recognising differences between the layout and language features of different types of texts and formats, such as चित्र-कथाएँ and लोक-कथाएँ
  • recognising the role played by different elements in texts to contribute to meaning-making, for example, the layout, title, illustration and punctuation in a picture book or the use of repetition and rhyme in poems and chants
  • recognising differences in spoken and written forms of everyday texts, such as greetings or wishes, for example, आपको बहुत-बहुत बधाई हो (spoken) and हार्दिक शुभकामनाएँ. (written), comparing with similar differences between spoken and written texts in English

  VCHIU032 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIC118

  Reflect on their own language choices and communicative behaviour when using Hindi or English, including adjustments they make between languages and strategies they adopt to support intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • discussing differences they are conscious of when interacting in Hindi or English, for example, when expressing feelings such as anger or sadness or when talking about personal issues
  • reflecting on the importance of non-verbal elements of communication, such as hand gestures, head movements and facial expressions, and on how these are sometimes used to mean different things in different languages
  • identifying elements of successful interaction when communicating with speakers of different languages, for example, being responsive and flexible, picking up on cues that indicate misunderstanding, respecting different perspectives and traditions
  • identifying differences in the interpretation of conversational strategies such as the use of pauses or silence when speaking in Hindi as compared to English, for example, to signal disapproval, respect for an elder, waiting for consensus, reflection or waiting for the end of a turn
  • reporting on moments of intercultural miscommunication, discussing possible reasons why they happened, repair and recovery strategies and what they learnt from these experiences
  • reflecting on language choices they make when interacting with friends who also speak both Hindi and English, identifying instances when they move between languages for practical or cultural reasons

  VCHIC118 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIC009

  Create simple spoken, print or digital texts for the classroom that combine Hindi and English, such as songs, captions, picture dictionaries, wall charts or labels

  Elaborations

  • creating and performing bilingual versions of nursery rhymes such as धोबी और चिड़िया; alternating verses in Hindi and English
  • creating a bilingual picture dictionary for classroom use, labelling items in both languages
  • creating sets of matching vocabulary cards in Hindi and English and playing Matching Pairs or Memory
  • creating captions in Hindi and English for photos or images to create simple bilingual storybooks in print or digital formats
  • creating a personal ID card with details in both Hindi and English, for example, नाम, कद, आँखों का रंग, जन्म तिथि: ‘name’, ‘height’, ‘eye colour’, ‘date of birth’

  VCHIC009 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC046

  Discuss the effects of switching between languages, noticing when they choose to use either Hindi or English and how each language and associated cultures influences their ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of moving between Hindi- and English-speaking contexts, comparing instances that have resulted in difficulties, surprises or amusement due to differences in cultural expectations
  • comparing gestures and other forms of non-verbal behaviour used when communicating in Hindi, English and other languages
  • reflecting on situations when they use both Hindi and English, discussing why they do this, for example, when talking about sport, food or music or when using social media
  • identifying adjustments they make when moving between languages, for example, to ways of addressing people or expressing affection or respect, discussing why these adjustments are necessary and whether they are easy to make
  • developing metalanguage for explaining the relationship between languages and cultures and for describing intercultural communication in different contexts, for example, discussing the need to apply distinctions such as तू जा, तुम जाओ, आप जाइए, आप जाइएगा or using forms of language to show respect or status

  VCHIC046 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIC064

  Consider differences and similarities in style and use of language when interacting in Hindi and in English, noticing when the choice is made to use either or both languages

  Elaborations

  • identifying ways in which they change their ways of communicating when switching from Hindi to English
  • providing examples of interactions which feel more natural in Hindi than they do in English or vice versa, for example, using Hindi to talk about family experiences, rituals or relationships, using English to talk about school work, music or films
  • using a reflective journal to record and compare when and why they consciously choose to use one language rather than the other, considering whether their ways of thinking and communicating change between languages
  • identifying instances when using both Hindi and English in the same interaction makes for easier communication
  • discussing what they need to consider when interacting with speakers of different language and cultural backgrounds, such as being flexible, noticing people’s reactions to what they say, watching for signals of misunderstanding, being mindful of different perspectives and traditions
  • reflecting on choices they make when interacting with friends who also speak both Hindi and English, identifying instances when they move between languages for either practical or cultural reasons

  VCHIC064 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIC044

  Translate simple school, community or media texts from Hindi to English and vice versa, explaining words or phrases that need to be interpreted or explained

  Elaborations

  • translating simple texts such as signs, menu items or public announcements from Hindi to English and vice versa, comparing which words they chose to convey the closest equivalent meaning
  • explaining Hindi words or expressions that they find difficult or amusing to explain to non-Hindi-speaking friends, for example, पेट में चूहे दौड़ रहे हैं।
  • identifying and working out the meaning of unfamiliar English words used in other curriculum areas, such as erosion, fraction, consumer, discussing how they would translate or explain them in Hindi
  • collecting proverbs used in their families, such as दूर के ढोल सुहावने, considering how to explain their meaning to non-Hindi-speaking friends
  • providing a literal translation of commonly-used expressions such as the greeting नमस्ते, and comparing with greetings used in English
  • learning to use bilingual print and digital dictionaries, identifying issues such as multiple meanings for words and the fact that meaning is not always literal

  VCHIC044 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC080

  Compare translations and interpretations of literary, community and social media texts, including those that mix Hindi and English words, expressions and sentence structures

  Elaborations

  • identifying and translating texts produced within the media and entertainment industry that use ‘Hinglish’ for different purposes, for example, Life ho to aisi!, Youngistaan ka wow!
  • exploring the language of Bollywood by translating short excerpts that include code-mixing and code-switching between languages and dialects
  • critically evaluating the accuracy and effectiveness of subtitles used in movies, video clips and documentaries, identifying examples of ‘meaning lost in translation’
  • translating parts of conversations recorded between family and friends that involve the mixing of Hindi and English, discussing the relationship between code switching and domains of use
  • considering challenges involved in translating texts by contemporary poets and songwriters who incorporate English words or stylistic features into their texts
  • identifying how translation sometimes involves literal exchange of word-for-word meaning, sometimes involves interpreting and expressing meaning in appropriate forms, and sometimes involves cultural meaning that cannot be translated

  VCHIC080 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC100

  Consider similarities and differences in their ways of communicating in Hindi or English, or when switching between the two, noticing when they choose to use either or both languages

  Elaborations

  • identifying differences between how they communicate in Hindi and in English, including the use of gestures and other forms of non-verbal communication such as hand or head movements, the use of space or silence
  • comparing examples of interactions which feel more natural in Hindi than they do in English or vice versa, noticing the contexts of those interactions, the people they are communicating with and the kinds of topics being discussed
  • identifying instances when using both Hindi and English in the same interaction makes for easier communication, for example, when using English technical terms such as लाइट जला दो
  • identifying behaviours that may be similar or dissimilar when communicating in Hindi and in English, for example, when using direct or indirect questions, interruptions, silence, turn-taking
  • monitoring their use of Hindi and English in different areas of their lives, for example, by keeping a record of what they use each language for over a particular day
  • reflecting on the nature of culture and its relationship with language with reference to Hindi, English and other languages they know, for example, by identifying words, phrases or behaviours that carry cultural information or reflect cultural values

  VCHIC100 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIU104

  Identify textual and grammatical features that characterise different types of literary, instructional, persuasive or imaginative texts in Hindi, comparing them with similar texts in English and other languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising characteristic features of different text genres, such as headings, footnotes and reference lists in textbooks, rhetorical questions and persuasive language in advertisements, abbreviations and emoticons in emails and text messages, an opening orientation statement at the beginning of a narrative, such as जब वे केवल चौदह वर्ष के थे, उनकी पिता की मृत्यु हो गयी ।
  • comparing Hindi- and English-language versions of text types such as phone conversations, business letters or sports reports, considering whether differences in style or structure reflect differences in cultural values or practices
  • recognising rules of structure and composition in Hindi poetry, for example, by identifying patterns of rhythm, rhyme, repetition and meter in poems by सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान or जयशंकर प्रसाद
  • developing metalanguage to talk about texts, for example, by identifying the purpose, features and typical structure of text genres, for example, निबन्ध में तीन भाग होते हैं- भूमिका, विषय-वस्तु और उपसंहार
  • recognising differences between the layout and language features of different types of texts and formats, such as चित्र-कथाएँ और लोक-कथाएँ
  • recognising the role played by different textual elements, for example, the layout, title, illustration and use of punctuation in a picture book or the use of repetition and rhyme in poems and chants
  • comparing the use of imagery or satire in a range of imaginative texts, discussing how these elements convey meaning and engage/entertain the audience

  VCHIU104 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU053

  Reflect on their own use of Hindi, English and other languages or dialects for different social purposes, and recognise that they sometimes mix and switch between languages

  Elaborations

  • creating individual language profiles, explaining which languages or dialects they use in their family, social and community lives
  • recognising that language use among bilingual/multilingual speakers varies according to ethnicity, age, profession or social status and to the context of use
  • reflecting on the different role of elements such as gestures, body language and the use of space or silence when they are using different languages
  • reflecting on the impact on their lives and on their sense of identity of speaking more than one language
  • reflecting on how they use language differently in interactions across different contexts, and how these differences help to signal social roles and relationships
  • sharing examples of how they sometimes mix and switch between languages when they are speaking to each other

  VCHIU053 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHIU123

  Identify variations in the use of Hindi that relate to social roles, contexts and modes of expression, considering similar variations in language use in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • explaining variations in language use between people of different ages, gender or relationships that reflect attitudes and values, for example, ways of expressing authority or humility or inclusivity or exclusivity
  • identifying differences in terms of language features and register between spoken and written forms of texts such as apologies, invitations or narratives माफ़ कीजिए, क्षमा कीजिए
  • noticing and explaining differences in text structure and grammar between formal and informal Hindi use, for example, between the structure of a business letter and an informal email, आपको सूचित किया जाता है..., मैं तुम्हें बताता हूँ....
  • analysing non-verbal elements of communication between Hindi speakers, such as gestures, facial expressions and the use of space and silence, discussing to what extent they contribute to the exchange of meaning and whether they vary in formal and informal contexts
  • finding examples and explaining variations in style, content and intention of different expressions of wishes for a particular event or occasion such as Diwali, for example, हर घर में हो उजाला, आए न कभी रात काली हर घर मनाए ख़ुशियाँ, हर घर में हो दिवाली compared to an sms message such as शुभ दिवाली

  VCHIU123 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHIU066

  Identify correspondence between individual and combined elements of spoken and written Hindi, such as pronunciation of consonant clusters or the pronunciation and spelling of English words used in Hindi

  Elaborations

  • recognising individual elements of spoken and written words, phrases and non-verbal forms of expression and noticing how they combine to make or to change meaning
  • recognising how words can be formed from base words, and understanding how prefixes and suffixes change the meaning of words, for example, जीव, सजीव, जीवंत, understanding the impact this has on pronunciation
  • recognising and identifying how to pronounce and spell loan words commonly used in Hindi from Persian and Arabic, such as क़ानून, फ़ालतू, and from English, such as ट्रेन, स्टेशन, स्कूल
  • recognising and understanding the impact on Hindi pronunciation and spelling in Devanagari of Sanskrit words (tatsam words) and of derived forms (tadbhav words), understanding that both forms can be used in different contexts; for example, क्षेत्र for ‘field’ in an abstract sense and खेत for a field for farming

  VCHIU066 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIC062

  Translate a range of short texts used in different contexts from Hindi into English and vice versa, comparing each other’s versions and how they translated elements that involve cultural knowledge and understanding

  Elaborations

  • translating popular Hindi proverbs or lines of poems into English, considering how to adapt or adjust them to convey equivalent meanings in English, for example, गंगा गए तो गंगादास जमना गए तो जमनादास; चोर की दाढ़ी में तिनका
  • translating school or community texts such as directions, rules or notices in Hindi and English, considering how each language reflects cultural styles, for example, the use of words like निवेदन in a formal request and कृपया गंदगी न फैलाएँ in public notices
  • translating media texts such as appeals, slogans or advertisements from Hindi to English or vice versa, noticing how each language uses elements such as verb moods or emotive language for particular effect: सारी धरती की यह पुकार, पर्यावरण का करो सुधार; जागो ग्राहक जागो
  • translating short excerpts from traditional fables and legends, identifying words and expressions that reflect cultural values or history and are difficult to express in English, for example, गृहप्रवेश, सात्विक, भक्ति
  • critically evaluating the effectiveness of resources such as print and digital dictionaries and electronic translators, for example, by comparing individual translations, back-translating or swapping references

  VCHIC062 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC098

  Translate and interpret short texts such as public signs, proverbs or menus from Hindi to English and vice versa, noticing which words or phrases translate easily and which do not

  Elaborations

  • translating short community texts such as public signs, menu items or public announcements from Hindi to English and vice versa, comparing choices they each made to arrive at the closest equivalent meaning
  • translating and explaining proverbs or colloquial expressions used in their families, for example, दूर के ढोल सुहावने; पेट में चूहे दौड़ रहे हैं, discussing how they would explain them to non-Hindi speaking friends
  • translating short media texts such as appeals or slogans from Hindi to English or vice versa, noticing how the two languages convey meaning in similar or different ways, for example, by using imperative verb moods or emotive language: ‘Never refuse to re-use!’; ‘Don’t be trashy - recycle!’; सारी धरती की यह पुकार, पर्यावरण का करो सुधार
  • translating excerpts from traditional fables and legends, identifying words and expressions that reference cultural values, history and beliefs and are difficult to translate into English
  • evaluating the effectiveness of print and digital dictionaries and electronic translators, for example, by comparing each other’s translations of a text, back-translating or swapping references, considering issues such as alternative or multiple meanings of words and the importance of context to meaning
  • considering the significance of naming practices in Hindi, for example, by translating popular names such as पवन, माला, दीपक, आशा, comparing with naming practices in Australian English
  • classifying commonly used informal expressions in Hindi, including colloquialisms and proverbs, into those that are easily understood when translated into English and those that require interpretation and explanation

  VCHIC098 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• Hindi - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students interact with the teacher and peers to share information about their interests, activities and personal worlds, for example, नमस्ते, मुझे अपने दोस्तों के साथ खेलना अच्छा लगता है, मुझे क्रिकेट खेलना अच्छा लगता है क्योंकि …, गृह कार्य करने के बाद मैं टीवी देखत...

  Level description | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• Hindi - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students initiate and sustain a range of spoken and written interactions on topics of mutual interest, for example, आपका क्या हाल है? आप कब वापस आये? परिवार में सब कैसे हैं? आप कहना क्या चाहते हैं? रमा मुझे माफ़ करना लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि ..., सच पूछो तो मेरे विचार से; मैं...

  Level description | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Languages | Hindi: Learning in Hindi

  Hindi language learning

  Hindi is an official language of India and Fiji. It is the most widely spoken language of the Indian subcontinent and is also widely spoken throughout the world in countries that include the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Mauritius, the Gulf countries and Australia.

  Overview material | Hindi