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• VCLAE004

  Read aloud, recite or perform Latin texts, using phrasing and voice inflection to convey meaning and to entertain others

  Elaborations

  • listening to and reproducing familiar and unfamiliar words, phrases and simple texts in Latin to convey meaning, using appropriate phrasing and expression, and the restored pronunciation, for example, cachinnare; clamare; vituperare; furcifer; monstrum horribile
  • presenting short texts orally in Latin, such as stories, dialogues or songs, to peers or the class, for example, singing songs such as gaudeamus igitur; duc, duc navem duc
  • performing short Latin plays or dialogues in collaboration with others, using strategies to convey the emotions of the characters
  • reading aloud or reciting, individually or in a class group, extracts from Latin literature, such as the initial lines of Virgil’s Aeneid or an epigram

  VCLAE004 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Engaging with texts | Responding to texts

• VCLAE019

  Read aloud, recite or perform Latin texts to entertain others, using strategies such as phrasing, voice inflection and metrical effects to convey meaning and emotion

  Elaborations

  • reading aloud, as Romans were accustomed to do, extracts from different genres of Latin literature, such as oratory, history, drama or poetry, with appropriate expression, phrasing, stress, rhythm and tone to convey meaning, for example, selections from the epigrams of Martial, or the letters of Pliny
  • reciting or presenting extracts from Latin texts to the class or school community, using expression and movement to illustrate meaning and to entertain, for example, part of one of Cicero’s speeches or excerpts from Virgil’s Aeneid
  • performing in theatrical presentations of Latin poetry or plays, such as the poetry of Ovid or Virgil, extracts from the plays of Plautus

  VCLAE019 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Responding to texts

• VCLAU023

  Understand concepts of accidence and syntax used in complex Latin sentences, including subordinate clauses, non-finite verb forms, pronoun forms, mood, voice, and conventions of complex sentence structure

  Elaborations

  • identifying the endings of fourth and fifth declension nouns, for example, exercitus, cornua; dies, fides
  • acknowledging that nouns may have unexpected genders, for example, first declension agricola (m), second declension pirus (f)
  • recognising relative, emphatic and indefinite pronouns, for example, qui, quae, quod; ipse; quisquis; quidam
  • recognising reflexive pronouns and adjectives, for example, se; suus
  • analysing case usage of nouns in all five declensions, for example, partitive genitive quid novi?
  • identifying and understanding the use of the locative case, for example, Romae, Pompeiis
  • identifying and understanding words used in apposition in all cases, for example, Venus, dea, est pulchra
  • explaining case usage of pronouns, for example, personal ego, tu, nos, vos; demonstrative hic, ille; interrogative quis, quis, quid; relative qui, quae, quod; emphatic ipse, ipsa, ipsum; reflexive me, te, nos, vos, se
  • distinguishing the use of different moods
  • extending identification of indicative endings of regular and irregular verbs to different tenses
  • understanding the concept of the principal parts for verbs in all conjugations, for example, voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum; sum, esse, fui
  • identifying and understanding the use of infinitives for all four conjugations and irregular verbs, for example, a prolative infinitive with amat, such as natare amat
  • recognising impersonal expressions, for example, mihi difficile est dormire
  • understanding the use of present, future and perfect participles, for example, clamans, moriturus, vocatus
  • recognising passive voice forms and the forms of deponent verbs and distinguishing their meanings, for example, laudata est – she has been praised; collapsa est – she collapsed
  • distinguishing in complex sentences between principal and subordinate clauses, for example, relative, causal, temporal, concessive, conditional, such as si/nisi with the indicative
  • recognising comparison of adjectives and adverbs, regular and irregular, for example, stulta, stultior, stultissima; malus, peior, pessimus
  • recognising quam + superlative, for example, quam celerrime
  • understanding conventions of the use of numbers to express distance, capacity, time and price, for example, duo milia passuum, quinquaginta denariis
  • understanding the conventions of the Roman calendar, for example, a.d. XIV Kal Jul
  • recognising creative variations in Latin word order, for example, delay of a key word or clause to create suspense, ordering of clauses to increase impact, bracketing/nesting, juxtaposition

  VCLAU023 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Languages | Latin: Learning in Latin

  The place of Latin and the heritage of the ancient Roman world

  Latin developed from a local dialect of central Italy to become the official language of ancient Rome, transmitting Roman law, government, literature and social and cultural knowledge and values throughout much of Europe, North Africa...

  Overview material | Latin

• VCLAE020

  Translate a range of texts that incorporate complex sentence structures and extensive vocabulary from Latin into Standard English, representing the style and purpose of the texts

  Elaborations

  • reading holistically to deduce the context and content of Latin texts, by identifying key words and phrases
  • applying expanded knowledge of vocabulary, grammar and problem-solving skills to translate compound sentences and complex sentences with nested clauses
  • conveying shades of meaning of a range of subtle vocabulary, for example, inferring the different connotations of a word in a particular context, such as virtus; causa; gero; ago
  • inferring the meaning of words and expressions, using knowledge of the text type and the author’s purpose and style, for example, res publica; rem gerere; se gerere
  • deducing the meaning of new words by drawing on prior knowledge, derivatives and connections with familiar words, for example, actores in scaena fabulam Graecam hilare agebant; dormire, obdormire; ferre, inferre, offerre
  • expanding the variety of English translations for verb tenses, for example, to express indignation, clamavit as ‘she did shout’, compared to ‘she shouted’ or ‘she has shouted’
  • recreating mood, tone and dramatic impact in English translations by selecting appropriate vocabulary, comparing and contrasting potential choices, for example, o tempora! o mores!
  • refining translations by exploring print and online Latin and English dictionaries and thesauruses to consider a variety of meanings, for example, manus, and synonyms, for example, contentus, felix, laetus
  • conveying emphasis and tone, such as indignation, anger, suspense, embedded in Latin word order, for example, effugere conati sunt, sed frustra
  • rendering the precise meaning of tenses in Latin into idiomatic English, for example, cotidie ibat; si veneris
  • expressing the meaning of idiomatic expressions and culturally specific terms by choosing appropriate English expressions and terms, for example, flocci non facio (I could care less); orationem habere (deliver a speech)
  • constructing and editing translations collaboratively with peers, using a range of ICT
  • improving own translations to increase accuracy and better reflect register, tone and characterisation
  • translating, independently or in collaboration with peers, unseen texts with compound or complex sentences, drawing on familiarity with the style and language of texts already studied

  VCLAE020 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Translating

• Latin: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students apply the principles of pronunciation for the reading of Latin texts, for example, stressing the correct syllables, or acknowledging elision in poetry. They apply an extended knowledge of accidence and syntax, including subordinate clauses, finite and non-finite verb forms, pronoun forms...

  Level description | Languages | Latin

• Latin: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students become familiar with the restored pronunciation of Latin. They use appropriate phrasing and voice inflection when reading aloud, reciting or performing Latin texts such as stories, dialogues, songs or plays, and develop their understanding of the sounds of the Latin alphabet. When translating...

  Level description | Languages | Latin

• Latin: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students analyse a range of Latin texts to obtain information and ideas about Roman society and culture. They use vocabulary, grammar and textual cues to analyse and interpret language use and cultural references in Latin texts, such as poetry, letters or narratives, for...

  Level description | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10

• Latin: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use their knowledge of vocabulary, grammar and textual cues to identify and interpret information in Latin texts, such as narratives, about the daily life and attitudes of the Romans. They interpret grammatical structures such as inflected forms; identify linguistic...

  Level description | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8

• VCLAU008

  Understand concepts of accidence and syntax used in simple and compound Latin sentences, including parts of speech, case, gender, number, person, declension and conjugation, agreement and tense, and conventions of sentence structure

  Elaborations

  • identifying parts of speech and their functions in texts, such as in statements, direct speech, commands and questions
  • exploring the concepts of number, gender, case and the metalanguage used to describe nouns
  • understanding noun inflections and their usage in first, second and third declensions:
    • case: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, for example, amicus, amice, amicum, amici, amico, amico
    • number: villa, villae
    • gender: masculine dominus, feminine domina, neuter atrium, common canis, parens
  • recognising personal pronouns and pronominal adjectives, and identifying number, gender and case, for example, ego, tu, nos, vos; meus, tuus
  • recognising interrogative pronouns, for example, quis, quis, quid
  • recognising demonstrative pronouns, for example, hic, haec, hoc; ille, iste
  • identifying cardinal numbers unus to viginti and ordinal numbers primus to decimus
  • recognising prepositional phrases and the different forms of prepositions, for example, e villa, ex urbe
  • distinguishing between the meanings of prepositions when governing different cases, for example, in villam, in villa
  • exploring the concepts of verb number, person and tense, the metalanguage used to describe verbs
  • identifying endings of verbs in the four conjugations, and regular and irregular verbs in the present tense, active voice
  • identifying the use of the imperative, for example, tacete vos omnes
  • identifying first/second and third declension adjectives, for example, laeta/laetus; tristis
  • recognising agreement of adjectives and nouns in number, gender and case, for example, puella tristis, frater magnus, and how word order may differ from English
  • interpreting compound sentences using conjunctions, for example, canis intrat sed non latrat
  • recognising adverbs, for example, servus diligenter laborat
  • understanding conventions of word order in Latin sentences, such as subject + direct object + indirect object + verb, for example, puella librum fratri legit, and how those conventions can be used to anticipate the development of a sentence
  • developing strategies for building on prior knowledge and learning new grammar, for example, mnemonic devices, paradigms, drill exercises, online learning tools

  VCLAU008 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Languages | Latin: Structure

  Sequences of learning

  Victorian Curriculum Latin has one learning sequence:

  • 7–10 sequence for students who begin to learn the language in Year 7.

  Strands and Sub-strands

  The content of Latin is organised through two interrelated strands. The two strands are Engaging with texts and Understanding...

  Overview material | Latin

• VCLAU010

  Identify the structure and features of a range of texts in Latin, such as narratives and short plays

  Elaborations

  • identifying elements of different types of text, for example, stories, dialogues and plays, and explaining the relationship between the language and structure used and the purpose of the text
  • distinguishing and comparing features of a story and a play, such as narrative voice, characterisation, impact of direct speech
  • making connections and comparisons between a new text and familiar texts of the same type
  • using metalanguage to explain the effect of particular language features on intended audiences, for example, exclamations, interjections, such as o me miserum; euge; eheu

  VCLAU010 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLAE002

  Convey information and ideas about the daily life and attitudes of the Romans, in oral, written and digital forms, using Latin as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • gathering, collating and presenting information about daily routine in the Roman world, such as posters or digital displays about family life, education, food, hygiene, exercise, with annotations in English or words and simple phrases in Latin
  • reading stories about the daily lives of ancient Romans, and recreating their everyday experiences, for example, through role play or an imaginative animated cartoon
  • comparing details from different sources about where Roman people lived, such as in tenements or houses, or on country estates, for example, through dioramas or drawings, with labels in English or Latin, and discussing what they reveal about different lifestyles in the Classical period
  • researching the purpose and function of spaces in a Roman home, such as in a domus or a villa, for an oral or digital presentation, using labels in English and Latin, for example, vestibulum, atrium, triclinium, cubicula, peristylium
  • examining artefacts from the Roman period, such as those from Pompeii, and discussing what they reveal about the everyday lives of Romans
  • collating and sharing information online about Roman engineering and infrastructure, such as roads, aqueducts, cloaca maxima
  • researching the attitudes of Romans revealed in Graeco-Roman myths and legends and acting out stories, such as Romulus and Remus, or Hercules’ labours, to convey these attitudes
  • gathering and creating a class bank of information from texts about Roman religious beliefs and practices, for example, Olympian deities, Lares et Penates, special festivals such as the Liberalia and the Vestalia
  • reading accounts of historical events, such as Pliny’s eyewitness account of the eruption of Vesuvius, and presenting information in new ways, for example, creating and recording own news report or documentary, making comparisons between Pliny’s account and an online reconstruction of the eruption

  VCLAE002 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Engaging with texts | Accessing the Roman world through Latin texts

• VCLAE017

  Convey interpretations of information and ideas about Roman society and culture, in oral, written and digital forms, using Latin as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • examining how cultural attitudes are conveyed in Latin texts, such as attitudes to slaves or women, cleanliness, food, Romanisation, for example, by conducting a role-play, a forum on salient issues, a ‘Q & A’ session regarding the appropriateness of giving farming advice in verse
  • investigating legal rights and obligations, such as citizenship, social classes, property rights, divorce, for example, building a digital representation of social strata through a pyramid
  • researching Roman urban planning and architecture through the study of an archaeological site, and presenting findings, for example, by creating a virtual tour of the Colosseum, with written or oral text in English or incorporating Latin terms as appropriate, such as harena, vomitoria
  • examining Roman architectural remains by electronic means, such as places of entertainment and worship, and exploring what they reveal about the values and attitudes of Romans
  • gathering and collating information about Roman art, including sculpture, jewellery and painting, for example, producing an online exhibition catalogue
  • researching references in Latin texts to foreign religions, for example, Mithraism, Isis worship and Christianity, and the extent of their influence in Rome
  • examining Latin inscriptions, curses or graffiti to elicit information about Roman society, for example, defixiones from Bath, graffiti at the Colosseum or in Pompeii, and creating own examples in English or Latin

  VCLAE017 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Accessing the Roman world through Latin texts

• VCLAU009

  Acquire and build vocabulary by using roots, derivatives and word lists, and use dictionaries to select appropriate meanings of Latin words

  Elaborations

  • developing own and class lists of vocabulary related to texts and topics, such as daily life in ancient Rome, for example, thermae, caldarium; magister, ludus
  • creating a class bank of words that are frequently used, for example, tamen; alii … alii …; eheu!, and common expressions used in everyday activities, for example, salvete; ludere volo
  • practising vocabulary knowledge, for example, by using online tools such as drills
  • using print and electronic dictionaries to locate the appropriate meanings of words
  • understanding that one Latin word may correspond to several different English words and selecting the most appropriate meaning of a word in its context
  • developing strategies for vocabulary building by applying knowledge of roots, for example, ager/agricola and derivatives, for example, agriculture
  • building vocabulary by recognising Latin words commonly used in English, for example, exit, video, arena

  VCLAU009 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language