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• VCELU152

  Explore the influence of Greek on the English language, such as morphemes in medical/scientific fields and in everyday language, such as school subjects and occupations, and how Greek has been influenced by the impact of new technology and knowledge

  Elaborations

  • recognising Greek morphemes (prefixes, suffixes and base words) in English, to explain spelling patterns in English, and to help work out meanings of unknown words, for example, anti-, astro-, auto-, bio-, deca-, demo-, geo-, -gram-, -graph-, hyper-, hypo-, -ic, -ism, -itis, kilo-, -logue, macro-, mega-, -meter, micro-, mono-, -morph-, neo-, octo-, -ology, pent-, -peri-, -phil-, -phobia, photo-, -poly-, psych-, -scope, tech-, tele-, -therm-, tri-
  • understanding that words derived from Ancient Greek are still being used today to create new words such as names of new technological/scientific discoveries for example, disc, giga-, mega-, metro
  • identifying familiar words in Greek and recognising their English equivalents, for example, το τηλέφωνο, η φωτογραφία, ο ποδίατρος, το δράμα, το θέατρο
  • using knowledge of familiar patterns and structures to decode and interpret meaning, for example, the Greek prefix ‘a-‘ in words can make the opposite meaning (ψητό – άψητο, symmetrical – asymmetrical)
  • understanding that English words are used in Modern Greek, but that Greek equivalents to these terms often also exist, for example, το κομπιούτερ-ο υπολογιστής, μπλε-γαλάζιο

  VCELU152 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU033

  Understand how the Greek language has evolved, and how it continues to change over time due to processes such as globalisation, migration, and the influence of technology and popular culture

  Elaborations

  • exploring how the Greek language has been influenced by migration, for example, the use of non-Greek words such as τα μπίλια instead of οι λογαριασμοί as an Australian phenomenon
  • examining how technology has influenced the Greek language, for example, σκανάρω, το μπλογκ, σερφάρω
  • discussing how changes to the Greek language reflect changes in some cultural practices and attitudes, for example, το έτοιμο φαγητό
  • exploring the impact of globalisation on Greek language use, such as the increased use of English words, such as blog, computer, mobile/cell phone, parking

  VCELU033 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU031

  Compare and contrast the structure and linguistic features of different types of text, developing understanding of the relationship between context, purpose and audience, and identifying culturally specific elements

  Elaborations

  • applying knowledge of the interrelationship between context, purpose and audience to identify text type and predict the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary and expressions
  • identifying how grammatical choices, words and images combine in a text to achieve particular intentions and effects, for example, the positioning of the reader through the use of personal pronouns, imperative verb forms and negative indicators, and emotive language and images
  • comparing Greek and English versions of familiar texts such as recipes and horoscopes, commenting on similarities and differences in text structure and cultural elements
  • interpreting and explaining textual conventions when using technology and social media

  VCELU031 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Modern Greek - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students communicate with greater fluency, and use their knowledge of grammar and orthographic systems, such as understanding of primary tenses and declensions, to self-correct more readily. They investigate texts through more critical analysis, identifying how language choices reflect perspectives...

  Level description | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence

• Languages | Modern Greek: Learning in Modern Greek

  Modern Greek language learning

  Modern Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus. It is spoken throughout the world – wherever there are Greek-speaking communities. One of the major characteristics of the extensive Greek Diaspora is the maintenance of the Greek language and culture...

  Overview material | Modern Greek

• VCELU182

  Use pronunciation rules and apply features of spoken Greek such as intonation, stress and rhythm to polysyllabic words, and extend to more advanced spelling and punctuation rules

  Elaborations

  • recognising that pronunciation, rhythm and tempo help in making meaning in interactions and applying this knowledge to own communication
  • comparing English and Greek sounds and spelling to support pronunciation of familiar and unfamiliar words and expressions, for example, astronaut/αστροναύτης, school/σχολείο, mathematics/μαθηματικά
  • using accentuation correctly and with appropriate pronunciation, for example, τσάι, παίχτης, οικόπεδο
  • applying appropriate pronunciation of ια, ιε, ιο, ιό, ιου with different preceding letters
  • recognising that the sound ‘I’ is represented by the following letters, depending on the context: I , ι, H, η, Y, υ, Eι, ει, Οι, οι
  • recognising the different pronunciation of the digraphs/diphthongs, for example, αυ - αυτοκίνητο and αυλή, ευ - ευχαριστώ and ευγενικός, μπ, ντ, γκ, γγ, τσ, τζ
  • recognising that double letters in Greek sound the same in most cases, for example, ιππόδρομος, Γιάννης
  • building phonic awareness by using and experimenting with sounds and rhythms, for example, γέρος, γερός
  • reinforcing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by reciting and repeating words and phrases in context
  • recognising the role of stress and rhythm in creating emphasis
  • using appropriate spelling and punctuation in a range of written texts

  VCELU182 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU151

  Understand the importance of register in a range of contexts and situations, such as at home, at school or in more formal situations

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate language according to age, gender, relationship and social status when meeting people for the first time or when introducing friends, teachers or other adults
  • comparing the meaning of words heard in the community to those learnt in class and noticing that there are different ways of saying the same thing in Greek, for example, η χτένα, η τσατσάρα,
  • identifying the appropriate way to communicate things in Greek, for example, το αυτοκίνητο instead of το κάρο
  • reflecting on the use of colloquial or abbreviated language in technologically mediated contexts, for example by email or phone, as well as the use of borrowed words from other languages, for example, στικάκι (memory stick), σερφάρω (surfing the internet)

  VCELU151 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU017

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with Greek language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture in Greek language and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions, such as references to saints’ days
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication and the sustainability of communities
  • examining culturally specific terms and phrases, such as η παρέα , το κέφι, Στην υγειά σου, Με γεια, Γεια στα χέρια σου/σας, developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCELU017 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• Modern Greek - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students recognise and approximate the pronunciation, rhythms and intonation patterns of extended phrases and compound sentences. They use vocabulary with more complex syllable combinations and become more fluent and accurate in spoken and written language production. They gain greater control...

  Level description | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence

• VCELU115

  Understand elements of grammar such as word order, verb forms and personal pronouns related to questions, commands and short sentences, and develop vocabulary to describe self, friends and family

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order of words in phrases and sentences, for example, η μαμά μου, Δεν κάνει κρύο, Nα η θεία μου
  • observing that the accent mark indicates emphasis, for example, το βιβλίο, η γάτα, ο σκύλος
  • recognising that all nouns, in particular names in Greek, have an article and gender, for example, η Άννα, το σκυλί, ο μπαμπάς
  • understanding that adjectives have gender, for example, κόκκινος, κόκκινη, κόκκινο, μεγάλος, μεγάλη, μεγάλο, καλός, καλή, καλό
  • using adverbs to show where, for example, έξω, μέσα, εδώ, εκεί, πάνω, κάτω, γύρω
  • using simple adjectives and adverbs to enhance sentences, for example, Κάνει λίγο κρύο, Σ’ αγαπώ πολύ μαμά! Το σπίτι είναι πολύ μεγάλο
  • using verbs in the first person to describe aspects of self, for example, Είμαι αγόρι, είμαι έξι, έχω γάτα
  • recognising terms for common everyday nouns, for example, η πόρτα, η καρέκλα, το σπίτι, ο μπαμπάς
  • responding to and issuing commands, for example, έλα εδώ, κάτσε κάτω
  • responding to questions which include verbs in the second person, singular or plural, such as Πόσω(ν) χρονών είσαι; Τι κάνετε;
  • developing number knowledge for numbers up to 29 and using them in sentences such as Είμαι έξι
  • beginning to use conjunctions such as και

  VCELU115 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU118

  Recognise that Australia has speakers of many different languages, including Greek, and that languages borrow words from each other and sometimes use the same alphabet symbols and vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the 26 English alphabet letters (Latin/Roman alphabet), have their roots in the Ancient Greek alphabet, recognising the similar order of letters and comparing lower and upper case Greek and English alphabet letters
  • understanding that there are many everyday words and names in English that have Greek origins, for example, alphabet, Chloe, disco, echidna, eucalyptus, hippopotamus, mathematics, school, story, telephone, Timothy, Zoe
  • understanding that there are many technical/scientific words in English that have Greek origins, for example, astronaut, chemist, dentist, disc, physiotherapist, telescope, thermometer

  VCELU118 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU030

  Develop knowledge of vocabulary and sentence structures to elaborate meaning, for example, by using a range of verbs and tenses, personal pronouns, adverbs, adjectives and time indicators to describe, situate and link people, objects and events

  Elaborations

  • extending understanding and use of present, past and future tenses, for example, είμαι, ήμουν, θα είμαι, έχω, είχα, θα έχω, έπαιζα, έπαιξα, παίζω, θα παίξω, θα παίζω
  • referring to the past, present and future using time indicators, for example, σήμερα, αύριο, χτες, μεθαύριο, προχτές, πριν λίγες μέρες
  • expanding use of adjectives such as μεγάλος-η-ο, ωραίος-α-ο, απίθανος-η-ο, φοβερός-η-ο
  • using possessive and object pronouns μου, σου, του, της, του, μας, σας, τους
  • extending meaning by using adverbs of place and time such as εδώ, εκεί, χτες, μεθαύριο,
  • understanding the use of πολύ
  • using expressions with the verb κάνω, κάνει κρύο/ζέστη, κάνω δουλειές, κάνω όνειρα, τι κάνεις;
  • understanding the function of comparative and superlative adjectives, for example, πιο μεγάλος, μεγαλύτερος, ο πιο μεγάλος
  • developing knowledge of vocabulary relating to, for example, immediate environments, relationships, leisure, hobbies, shopping, travel

  VCELU030 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Modern Greek - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students begin to develop a metalanguage for understanding and discussing language features, and make connections and comparisons between English and Modern Greek. For example, they understand that in English there is one word for the definite article (‘the’), whereas in Greek the...

  Level description | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence

• VCELU135

  Understand that languages change over time and that they influence each other, recognising words in English that are derived from Greek and words in Greek that are derived from other languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising that the language used by the Ancient Greeks has developed into the Modern Greek language and that the Greek language has influenced many languages including English
  • understanding that there is the standard language called ‘Modern Greek’ as well as a number of different dialects spoken throughout Greece and the Greek diaspora
  • noticing that languages are fluid and ever-evolving and can be incorporated into and influence other languages beyond their own (for example, Ancient Greek has influenced and still influences many languages of the world)
  • viewing inscriptions on Ancient Greek tombstones (for example, from Vergina), coins (for example, from from Alexander the Great or King Philip’s reign) and vases (for example, from the Hellenistic era)
  • recognising that some words in Greek are borrowed from other languages, for example, πάρτυ, χόμπυ, μπάσκετ, κομπιούτερ
  • examining the etymology of everyday words in English which are derived from Greek morphemes/words or from Greek myths (for example, aeroplane, Ajax, history, mathematics, Nike, school, story) and discussing the extent to which this has occurred

  VCELU135 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU183

  Understand and apply grammatical structures, such as passive and active voice, negation, word order and time clauses, recognising that they serve particular functions and that grammatical choices shape meaning

  Elaborations

  • choosing appropriate terms to describe events across time (present, past and future) and choosing appropriate tense, for example, Φέτος θα πάω διακοπές στην Κύπρο, Πέρσι γύρισα όλη την Έλλαδα
  • recognising the order of pronouns to emphasise who is carrying out an action or to refer to a person or thing, and applying agreement in gender and number to identify subject and object, for example, Κανείς δεν είναι τέλειος, Μου αρέσουν αυτοί που λένε την αλήθεια
  • using a range of adverbs and adjectives to modify and intensify meaning of verbs and adjectives, for example, ακριβώς, αρκετά, πολύ, λίγο, πολλή
  • using cohesive devices such as conjunctions to link, clarify and sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts, for example, Αφού δεν είχα αρκετά λεφτά, γύρισα σπίτι μου, γιατί, επειδή, αλλά, και, τότε
  • responding to and using imperative mood, for example, ελάτε, γράψε
  • using a range of nouns and adjectives and possessive forms, for example, μου/μας/σου/του/της/τους, δικό τους, δικά μας
  • seeking information using a range of questions, for example, Tι; Mήπως ξέρεις; Πώς; Πού; Γιατί; Πότε;
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and develop learning resources, for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs or adjectives

  VCELU183 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELC107

  Share and present information about self, family, friends and possessions, using gestures, labels, pictures and modelled language

  Elaborations

  • using familiar vocabulary and simple sentences to create texts about self, family, friends and possessions, such as a family album, a class picture dictionary or a family tree
  • contributing to classroom resources that involve naming, labelling and illustrating, using digital technologies, for example, a favourite photos wall, a word wall
  • giving information about self, family, friends, and possessions by writing captions or attaching word bubbles to drawings or photos, using digital technologies
  • using simple sentences and supporting gestures to communicate informally about self, friends and favourite possessions, for example, Παίζεις νέτμπολ; lifting head/eyebrows to answer ‘no’, hand action to show Έτσι κι έτσι, lifting head and shoulders to convey not knowing something

  VCELC107 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• Modern Greek - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 description

  Students begin to reflect on language and how it is used in different ways to communicate. As they use Modern Greek for a wider range of interactions, students develop a stronger understanding of the interconnection between language and culture. They begin to recognise how language features and...

  Level description | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence

• VCELC160

  Create and perform own and shared texts about imaginary people, places and experiences, to entertain others

  Elaborations

  • creating texts, using digital technologies, to entertain younger audiences, such as cartoons, photo stories, plays or Big Books based on traditional and other familiar stories
  • creating the next scene, new character or an alternative ending for imaginative Greek texts, such as a story or drama performance
  • composing and performing short songs with particular themes, for an occasion such as a performance for classroom guests
  • illustrating imaginative stories in visual forms such as cartoons or captioned photo stories

  VCELC160 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELC007

  Create or represent and perform own imagined scenarios, characters and events, using stimulus materials and modelled language

  Elaborations

  • creating own versions of familiar texts, such as greeting cards for imaginary special occasions or board games, for example, Greek version of Scrabble
  • creating and telling a story from a stimulus, such as a photograph, using speech bubbles, voice recordings or captions to accompany visuals, using digital technologies
  • creating and performing a short play or video clip to share with and entertain others, for example, a rap or role-play on Grandparents’ Day or Open Day for younger students
  • composing and participating in imaginary interactions, for example, a conversation between avatars or meeting a character from a Greek story or film for the first time

  VCELC007 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELU134

  Understand that the context and purpose of interactions influence language choices

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between formal and informal language in social interactions, for example, Γεια σου φίλε, Γεια σας κύριε, and how Greek people use body language when communicating, which varies according to relationships
  • examining culturally appropriate phrases for different times of the day and for different purposes, for example, καλή εβδομάδα, καλό μήνα, καλό καλοκαίρι, καλό απόγευμα, καλό μεσημέρι, χρόνια πολλά, καλές γιορτές, καλή όρεξη, and considering phrases used in English in similar contexts
  • understanding how differences in gestures, register and tone are used to change meaning of speech, for example, Είσαι καλά; or Τι κάνεις; can have multiple meanings
  • identifying how emphasis on words can change meaning, for example έλα has many meanings depending on how it is said and used, Έλα εδώ, Έλα τώρα!, Έλα Άννα (στο τηλέφωνο)
  • recognising how the purpose of interaction, for example, command or invitation, can change the emphasis on words

  VCELU134 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change