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• VCNRU050

  Explore the influence of the language being studied on the English language and how the language being studied has been influenced by the impact of new technologies and knowledge

  Elaborations

  • identifying familiar words in the language and recognising their English equivalents
  • using knowledge of familiar patterns and structures to decode and interpret meaning
  • understanding that English words may be found in the language, but that equivalents in the language to these terms often also exist

  VCNRU050 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU098

  Recognise and use vocabulary and grammatical elements to create simple sentences and phrases

  Elaborations

  • using nouns and verbs, recognising agreement and word order
  • indicating quantity using plural forms
  • using negative expressions
  • using the present tense
  • using common verbs to describe simple actions
  • developing knowledge of vocabulary related to personal world, for example, self, family, friends, school and home, leisure activities, food and drink

  VCNRU098 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU082

  Discuss the interrelationship between linguistic elements, context, purpose, audience and structure of a wide range of text types and identify how cultural elements are incorporated

  Elaborations

  • recognising main features of a range of text types in the language, for example, plays, songs, poetry, and discussing how they are used and how they add to the richness of the text
  • analysing texts, such as advertisements and magazine articles, and discussing linguistic and cultural elements
  • reading, viewing and listening to different texts in the language, paying attention to how messages can be expressed for different audiences and purposes, for example, reading messages on social media sites, emails, blogs
  • discussing language appropriate to particular text types, such as descriptive language in documentaries and persuasive language in advertisements
  • explaining form, features and purposes of texts, such as how they are organised in terms of layout, headings, sequencing of ideas and stylistic devices, for example, informative language in documentaries and persuasive language in advertisements

  VCNRU082 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU083

  Analyse culturally specific ways of interacting in the language being studied and how and why language use varies according to cultural contexts, considering why these interactions differ from those in English or in other languages

  Elaborations

  • comparing texts created for different audiences, such as advertisements, brochures and signs, noticing how language use reflects ideas and messages that are relevant to a particular audience
  • investigating the nature and use of the target language in different contexts of interaction, reflecting on similarities and differences to interactions in English or other languages
  • identifying English words in the language being studied and discussing their emergence and use

  VCNRU083 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU029

  Identify, pronounce and write the alphabet letters, recognising sound–letter relationships in the language being studied

  Elaborations

  • identifying and pronouncing the sounds of the alphabet
  • practising letter clusters in common words or in names
  • beginning to recognise high-frequency words
  • applying appropriate punctuation marks such as full stop, comma, exclamation mark and question mark
  • using different strategies to remember new sounds, for example mnemonics

  VCNRU029 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU046

  Identify and reproduce, orally and in writing, key features of intonation and pronunciation, experiment with the spelling of common words and apply basic punctuation rules

  Elaborations

  • applying, if applicable, different intonation for statements, questions, exclamations and commands
  • reading simple texts
  • applying and using, if applicable, accent marks
  • experimenting with spelling simple words
  • applying phonic and grammatical knowledge to spell and write unfamiliar words
  • understanding and applying punctuation marks in writing, for example, full stop, comma, exclamation mark, apostrophe, speech marks and question mark

  VCNRU046 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU068

  Understand how language use reflects cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives, and reflect on how what is considered acceptable in communication varies across cultures

  Elaborations

  • discussing ways of communicating across cultures, the significance of cultural concepts and how social conventions are reflected in language use
  • analysing the meaning and use of proverbs, idioms and sayings

  VCNRU068 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU065

  Examine the structure and linguistic choices of a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts, such as diary entries, news reports, cartoons and stories, and consider how these choices were influenced by audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • describing the main features of familiar text types for example, cartoon, story/storyboard, news report, and identifying features such as sequencing
  • observing that texts are constructed for a variety of purposes, such as to request, instruct, invite or describe the features of a particular text, for example, an invitation to a party or a greeting card
  • identifying the structure and organisation of a range of text types, for example, comparing emails and letters, written notes, text messages and print and digital versions of a journal/diary entry
  • identifying and comparing features of language use in different text types, such as formality/informality, headings, and lexical and grammatical choices that distinguish textual purpose and audience

  VCNRU065 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU085

  Understand that language, culture and communication are interrelated and shaped by each other, and recognise how this influences attitudes and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • collecting examples of the language being studied in the local landscape, for example, in particular parts of the city such as market places, exhibitions or cultural events, and discussing the influence and significance of the language and culture in Australia today
  • recognising the importance of learning and using different languages in order to access the cultural practices, values and beliefs of others
  • analysing and describing how language use and culture are interrelated and reflect and shape relationships, practices and attitudes across communities who speak the language being studied

  VCNRU085 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU047

  Develop knowledge of grammatical elements to construct and expand sentences

  Elaborations

  • describing present, past and future actions, situations and events using familiar verbs
  • using language to express preferences
  • using correct word order to ask questions and make requests
  • using numbers in different contexts, such as telling the time, stating dates, ordering/shopping, or in simple descriptions
  • expanding vocabulary base by using and recognising common everyday nouns

  VCNRU047 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU031

  Recognise the linguistic features and structures of different texts used in familiar contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying the main features of a short narrative, for example, a song, rhyme or poem, a simple description or procedure, for example, a recipe, or a conversation
  • noticing the differences between texts within the same mode, for example, a birthday card and an email, and between multimodal texts, for example, reading the lyrics of a song, and hearing it being sung, or reading a dialogue and acting it out
  • recognising how different textual elements combine to make meaning, for example, how the images, font, script and layout of different texts combine to create a whole advertisement, web-page, or picture book

  VCNRU031 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU102

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with the target language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication
  • examining culturally specific terms developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCNRU102 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU064

  Apply knowledge of grammatical features and construct compound and complex sentences

  Elaborations

  • using a range of tenses and voices to describe routines and actions
  • using a range of regular and irregular verbs to develop sentence structures
  • creating compound and complex sentences

  VCNRU064 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU101

  Understand that the language being studied continues both to influence and change through interaction with other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the language is a language of a particular country and is also spoken in language-speaking communities
  • exploring and discussing the influence of the language on English using strategies to work out meanings of unknown words, and considering why word borrowing occurs across languages
  • recognising loan words from English that are used in the language and other words used in the language that have been borrowed from other languages and discussing why these words have been borrowed

  VCNRU101 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU081

  Understand and apply grammatical structures recognising that they serve particular functions and that grammatical choices shape meaning

  Elaborations

  • choosing appropriate terms to describe events across time (present, past and future) and choosing appropriate tense
  • using a range of adverbs and adjectives to modify and intensify meaning
  • using cohesive devices such as conjunctions to link, clarify and sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts
  • seeking information using a range of questions
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and develop learning resources for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs or adjectives

  VCNRU081 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU067

  Recognise that the language being studied has evolved, that changes have occurred through the ages, and consider factors that have influenced this change

  Elaborations

  • understanding that there may be different forms of the written language being studied, used in different contexts dating from the ancient world to today
  • recognising that meanings of particular words and expressions can originate from earlier times

  VCNRU067 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU048

  Identify and use language features of different types of oral and written texts recognising that linguistic choices depend on audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • identifying the purpose, context and audience of a range of familiar texts, for example, fairytales, sports reports, recipes
  • reading, viewing and listening to different texts with a common topic, for example, comparing a print, TV and internet announcement for the same event
  • describing key features of different types of text and discussing audience and purpose, for example, a shopping list serves as a reminder to self and consists of items and quantities, whereas a shopping transaction involves interaction and negotiation

  VCNRU048 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU034

  Identify vocabulary, behaviours and expressions which reflect cultural values, beliefs and traditions to make connections between cultural practices and language use

  Elaborations

  • examining aspects of the authentic culture of the target language speakers
  • understanding concepts and values as expressed, for example, during festivals, birthdays and special occasions
  • recognising and explaining to others the significance of some cultural practices and events

  VCNRU034 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU032

  Understand that the context and purpose of interactions influence language choices

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between formal and informal language in social interactions
  • examining culturally appropriate phrases for different purposes
  • recognising how the purpose of interaction, for example, command or invitation, can change the emphasis on words

  VCNRU032 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU030

  Recognise and use elements of the language's grammar, such as word order, gender and singular/plural forms, to describe people, objects or events

  Elaborations

  • beginning to describe and explain features of the target language using metalanguage
  • creating simple sentences
  • experimenting with compound sentences
  • recognising the differences or similarities in word order in simple sentences
  • expressing negation in simple sentences
  • expanding number knowledge up to 100

  VCNRU030 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language