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• VCSSU131

  The interaction of magnets can be explained by a field model; magnets are used in the generation of electricity and the operation of motors

  Elaborations

  • investigating the action at a distance or the field model around magnets of different shapes
  • investigating the movement of a magnet and a wire to produce electricity
  • investigating the effect of a magnet on a current from a battery to produce movement

  VCSSU131 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU077

  Changes to materials can be reversible, including melting, freezing, evaporating, or irreversible, including burning and rusting

  Elaborations

  • investigating the three changes of state in water
  • investigating irreversible changes, for example, rusting, burning and cooking
  • exploring how reversible changes can be used to recycle materials

  VCSSU077 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCSSU045

  Everyday materials can be physically changed or combined with other materials in a variety of ways for particular purposes

  Elaborations

  • predicting and comparing how the shapes of objects made from different materials can be physically changed through different actions, for example, bending, stretching and twisting
  • investigating how food can be mixed to form different products, for example, jelly, ice cream or cake
  • suggesting why different parts of everyday objects such as toys and clothes are made from different materials
  • identifying materials that can be changed and remade or recycled into new products, for example, paper and plastic

  VCSSU045 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCSSU064

  Forces can be exerted by one object on another through direct contact or from a distance

  Elaborations

  • exploring how non-contact forces are similar to contact forces in terms of objects pushing and pulling another object
  • investigating the effect of forces on the behaviour of an object through different actions, for example, throwing, dropping, bouncing and rolling
  • comparing and contrasting the effect of friction on different surfaces, for example, the abrasion of tyres and shoes on a range of surfaces
  • exploring the forces of attraction and repulsion between magnets

  VCSSU064 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU079

  Sudden geological changes or extreme weather conditions can affect Earth’s surface

  Elaborations

  • investigating major geological events, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis
  • recognising that earthquakes can cause tsunamis
  • considering the effect of drought on living and non-living aspects of the environment

  VCSSU079 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU133

  The description and explanation of the motion of objects involves the interaction of forces and the exchange of energy and can be described and predicted using the laws of physics

  Elaborations

  • recognising that a stationary object, or a moving object with constant motion, has balanced forces acting on it
  • gathering data to analyse everyday motion produced by forces, for example, measurements of distance and time, velocity, mass, acceleration and force
  • investigating the effects of applying different forces, including Earth's gravitational force, to familiar objects

  VCSSU133 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU129

  The Universe contains features including galaxies, stars and solar systems; the Big Bang theory can be used to explain the origin of the Universe

  Elaborations

  • identifying the evidence supporting the Big Bang theory, for example, Edwin Hubble’s observations and the detection of microwave radiation
  • recognising that the age of the Universe can be derived by applying knowledge of the Big Bang theory
  • describing how the evolution of the Universe, including the formation of galaxies and stars, has continued since the Big Bang

  VCSSU129 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU095

  Mixtures, including solutions, contain a combination of pure substances that can be separated using a range of techniques

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between pure substances and mixtures and identifying examples of each
  • identifying the solvent and solute in solutions
  • investigating and using a range of physical separation techniques such as filtration, decantation, evaporation, crystallisation, chromatography and distillation
  • exploring and comparing separation methods used in the home

  VCSSU095 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCSIS083

  With guidance, plan appropriate investigation types to answer questions or solve problems and use equipment, technologies and materials safely, identifying potential risks

  Elaborations

  • following a given procedure to design an experimental or field investigation
  • experiencing a range of ways of investigating questions, including experimental testing, creating models, internet research, field observations, simulations and trial and error methods
  • discussing the advantages and disadvantages of certain types of investigation for answering certain types of questions
  • discussing possible hazards involved in conducting investigations, and how these risks can be reduced

  VCSIS083 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Inquiry Skills | Planning and conducting

• VCSIS037

  Actively observe, explore and manipulate

  Elaborations

  • actively joining in scientific investigations directed by the teacher
  • identifying and using familiar objects in routine events
  • using senses, under teacher direction, to gather information about the world around them

  VCSIS037 | Science | Level D | Science Inquiry Skills | Planning and conducting

• VCSSU125

  Different types of chemical reactions are used to produce a range of products and can occur at different rates; chemical reactions may be represented by balanced chemical equations

  Elaborations

  • investigating how chemical reactions result in the production of a range of useful substances, for example, fuels, metals and pharmaceuticals
  • using word or symbol equations to represent chemical reactions
  • investigating the effect of a range of factors, for example, temperature and catalysts, on the rate of chemical reactions

  VCSSU125 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCSSU091

  There are differences within and between groups of organisms; classification helps organise this diversity

  Elaborations

  • grouping a variety of organisms on the basis of similarities and differences in particular features
  • classifying using hierarchical systems, for example, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
  • using scientific conventions for naming species
  • using provided keys to identify organisms surveyed in a local habitat

  VCSSU091 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU104

  Energy appears in different forms including movement (kinetic energy), heat, light, chemical energy and potential energy; devices can change energy from one form to another

  Elaborations

  • recognising that kinetic energy is the energy possessed by moving bodies
  • recognising that potential energy is stored energy, for example, gravitational, chemical and elastic energy
  • using flow diagrams to illustrate changes between different forms of energy
  • investigating the energy transformations in devices, for example, a catapult or a water wheel

  VCSSU104 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSIS108

  Collaboratively and individually plan and conduct a range of investigation types, including fieldwork and experiments, ensuring safety and ethical guidelines are followed

  Elaborations

  • identifying whether the use of their own observations and experiments or the use of other research materials is appropriate for their investigation
  • using simulations and identifying their strengths and limitations
  • developing strategies and techniques for effective research using secondary sources, including use of the internet

  VCSIS108 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Inquiry Skills | Planning and conducting

• Science: Level A description

  In Level A, students learn that their senses can help them understand the world around them and the objects within it. They experience a range of activities that will assist them to attend to and explore the world around them with as much independence as possible. They are exposed to and encouraged...

  Level description | Science

• Science | Science: Scope and Sequence

  The curriculum sets out what students are expected to learn and is designed as a continuum of learning. The curriculum is being presented in a scope and sequence chart to support teachers to easily see the progression and assist in planning teaching and learning programs to meet the diverse needs...

  Overview material | Science

• VCSIS020

  Respond to language used to label and describe properties and begin to identify familiar objects

  Elaborations

  • answering using a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response to questions relating to a focus characteristic of an explored material
  • responding to language used to label and describe properties such as colour, texture and taste
  • beginning to identify familiar products, for example, dog, apple, milk, toy

  VCSIS020 | Science | Level B | Science Inquiry Skills | Communicating

• Science: Level B achievement standards

  By the end of Level B, students can identify some familiar objects. They actively explore the properties of familiar objects and deliberately initiate a cause to achieve the expected effect. In structured situations, teachers assist the student to record observations of the weather, familiar objects...

  Level description | Science | Level B

• Science: Level B description

  In Level B, students play and use structured activities to make observations and use their senses to investigate the behaviours and properties of everyday objects, materials and living things. They explore change in the world around them, including changes that impact on them, for example the...

  Level description | Science

• Science: Level C description

  In Level C, students intentionally participate in investigations that require them to explore, observe and identify properties of everyday objects, materials and living things. They explore change in the world around them, including changes that impact on them, for example the weather, and changes...

  Level description | Science