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• Spanish - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students recognise and approximate the pronunciation, rhythms and intonation patterns of more extended phrases and compound sentences. They become more fluent and accurate in both spoken and written language production. They gain more control of grammatical and textual elements. They use simple...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence

• Spanish - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students become familiar with the sounds of Spanish, including pronunciation, rhythm, pitch and stress. They recognise similarities with many English words, noting differences in pronunciation and spelling. They understand and apply elements of Spanish grammar such as word order; simple verb forms...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students use more complex language in spoken and written forms. They adjust tone, expression and intonation to shade meaning and to convey emotions. They expand their knowledge and control of grammatical elements such as verb tenses (imperfecto, futuro simple, condicional) and direct and indirect...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence

• Languages | Spanish: Learning in Spanish

  Spanish language learning

  Spanish is a language spoken by approximately 500 million people across the world. Spanish evolved from Latin on the Iberian Peninsula in around the ninth century, and spread from Spain to the Caribbean and to North, Central and South America as a result of the expeditions...

  Overview material | Spanish

• VCESU125

  Recognise that Spanish is one of many languages spoken around the world and in Australia

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the world contains many different languages spoken by many different communities of speakers and that most people in the world speak more than one language
  • recognising that Spanish is an important world language, spoken in different forms in many countries in the world, including Australia
  • understanding that many different languages are spoken in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages

  VCESU125 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU123

  Recognise that in Spanish different words and language forms are used to address and greet people according to relationship, context and time of day

  Elaborations

  • understanding that different forms of language are used with different people, for example, appropriate pronouns and forms of address such as tú, vos, doctor García, Doña Aura
  • understanding that language use varies according to context and situation, for example, language used when interacting with peers during playground games is different to that used with teachers in class (Hola, ¿qué tal?; Buenos días señora García, ¿cómo está?)
  • understanding that language exchanges in Spanish such as greetings vary according to the time of day or the occasion, for example, Buenas tardes, Buenas noches, Felicidades. Feliz Año Nuevo
  • identifying social relationships between people observed interacting in Spanish-language materials such as video clips or cartoons

  VCESU123 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students recognise and use intonation patterns to express different meanings. They apply their knowledge of sound–letter associations to spell new words. They recognise and use elements of grammar such as gender and singular/plural forms, simple verb forms, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students expand their range of vocabulary beyond their immediate world and familiar experiences. They make clearer distinctions between stress and intonation patterns to increase fluency and enhance expression. They develop broader grammatical knowledge, using present, past and future tenses of...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence

• VCESU032

  Analyse textual features of spoken, written and digital texts and consider how they shape meaning and influence responses

  Elaborations

  • comparing language features of Spanish and English versions of different types of texts, such as riddles, weather reports, text messages or horoscopes, noting differences that may be culturally significant
  • examining language structures and features used for specific communicative effect, such as to persuade, amuse, sympathise, challenge, include or exclude
  • understanding textual elements that provide coherence at a whole text level, such as cohesive devices (sin, aunque, debido a, según, por otro lado), linked paragraphs, introductions and summaries, and sequencing of ideas

  VCESU032 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU031

  Extend knowledge of and use more complex features and patterns of the Spanish grammatical system, including possessive, demonstrative, object and relative pronouns; comparative and superlative adjectives; irregular verbs in the present tense, compound and simple past tenses, future and conditional...

  Elaborations

  • understanding and using definite and indefinite articles, including omission and gender-change cases, for example, me gusta mucho el cuadro del salón, me gusta mucho un cuadro del salón, ¿tienen cuadros de paisajes?, el agua está fría
  • understanding and using indefinite adjectives and pronouns such as alguno/a/os/as, ninguno/a/os/as, otros/as, todos/as, alguien, nadie, nada, algo, todo, noticing the constructions with a double negative, for example, No hay nadie en clase, no tenemos nada
  • using collective nouns such as gente and familia, and noticing the use of singular verbs, for example, la gente en Australia pasa mucho tiempo al aire libre, mi familia tiene una casa en la playa
  • noticing the differences in meaning when the adjective precedes the noun, for example, un pobre hombre/un hombre pobre
  • expressing comparisons using comparatives and superlatives, including some irregular forms, for example, mejor que ..., peor que ..., el mayor, el menor, más ... que, menos ... que, el más ..., ...ísimo/a, tan ... como
  • understanding and using possessive and demonstrative pronouns (aquel es el tuyo, este es el mío) and the use of neutral demonstratives (¿qué es esto?, me gustó aquello que dijo)
  • understanding the form and function of personal object pronouns, and differentiating between direct and indirect objects in the third person, for example, me, te, lo, la/le, nos, os, los, las/les
  • understanding the function and use of relative pronouns, for example, que, el/la/los/las que, quien/es, el/la cual, los/las cuales, donde
  • understanding and using the different past tense forms for regular and irregular verbs (pretérito perfecto, pretérito indefinido and pretérito imperfecto), and comparing the uses with English past tense forms, for example, hemos estudiado los tiempos pasados, Marcos nació en Filipinas, ayer mi amigo estaba contento
  • using appropriate temporal markers, for example, hace ..., desde hace ..., durante ..., en 2011 ..., esta mañana ..., cuando era pequeño ..., desde ... hasta..., ayer ...
  • understanding and using the future and conditional tenses of regular and irregular verbs, for example, mañana iremos de excursión al zoo, me gustaría visitar México, saldría con vosotros pero tengo tarea
  • using some set expressions that require the use of the present subjunctive, for example, ¡que aproveche! ¡que te mejores! espero que estés bien
  • expressing agreement, disagreement and opinions using adverbs and expressions such as Yo también ...., yo tampoco ..., a mí sí ..., a mí no ...
  • indicating rules and giving instructions using expressions such as hay que ..., se puede/no se puede ..., and tener que + infinitive, and regular imperative affirmative forms, for example, cantad conmigo, pase el dado, toma mi bolígrafo, abran las ventanas, repita más despacio
  • understanding the function of impersonal expressions such as se necesita ..., se habla ..., se dice ..., se puede ...
  • using cohesive devices to link elements of complex sentences, for example, por lo tanto, además, sin embargo, al contrario de, de la misma manera
  • expanding the use of prepositions such as por, para, con, sin, contra, hacia to provide more detail or information
  • understanding how to form adverbs from adjectives, for example, normalmente, seguramente, probablemente
  • understanding and using an increasing range of prefixes and suffixes (anónimo, antibiótico, despeinado, supermercado, claustrofobia, lavadora, navideño, hermanito) and building lexical families (árbol, arbolito, arboleda, arbusto, arborícola, arbóreo, arboricultura, enarbolar)
  • developing awareness of the presence of ‘false friends’ in Spanish and English, for example, actualmente / currently, realizar / carry out, embarazada / pregnant, constipado / a cold
  • developing metalanguage to talk in Spanish about elements such as sentence structure (sujeto, verbo, objeto), verb tenses (pretérito, futuro, tiempo compuesto, participio pasado) and other linguistic features (sinónimo, concordancia, párrafo)

  VCESU031 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU156

  Attend to the pronunciation of sounds and intonation patterns used in social interactions and apply writing conventions such as question and exclamation marks

  Elaborations

  • recognising how pitch, stress and rhythm assist meaning when individual words are unfamiliar, for example, ¡Qué miedo! ¡Rápido! ¡Vamos!
  • recognising the Spanish pronunciation of English loan words (bistec, jonrón, fútbol) and applying this awareness to unfamiliar loan words
  • reproducing Spanish sounds such as d/t, ce/ci, ga/gi, gue and gui
  • recognising variations in forms of spoken Spanish associated with particular regions, such as the pronunciation of j in Ecuador compared with northern Spain
  • applying phonic knowledge to spell unknown words, for example, estrella, llamar, tortilla, taxi, México
  • understanding the function of accents and learning to insert these into their own work electronically
  • understanding that accents in written Spanish indicate where the stress falls on a word, for example, mi mamá está en la fiesta and learning to insert these into their own work electronically
  • using correct writing conventions such as inverted question and exclamation marks at the start of sentences, for example, ¿qué tal?; ¡cuidado!; ¡qué onda!

  VCESU156 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU162

  Reflect on own language use at home, at school and in the community, considering how this may be interpreted by young Spanish speakers

  Elaborations

  • describing own/one another’s ways of communicating, identifying aspects that may reflect Australian traditions, values and practices
  • choosing words or expressions commonly used in informal Australian interactions, and deciding how to interpret or explain them to young Spanish speakers, for example, ‘mate’, ‘fair dinkum’
  • noticing similarities and differences between own ways of communicating and aspects observed in interactions between young Spanish speakers in different contexts and situations, for example, the expression of politeness or turn-taking in conversations
  • identifying things they take for granted about communication in familiar cultural contexts, for example, shared understanding of gestures and tones of voice
  • noticing culturally appropriate ways of offering praise, recognition, gratitude or encouragement

  VCESU162 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCESU144

  Discuss examples of ways in which the cultures of Spanish speakers influence everyday interactions such as expressions of respect and affection

  Elaborations

  • understanding that language carries information about the people who use it and that common expressions and conventions often reflect cultural values, for example, the explicit expression of affection reflected in the use of diminutives (primita, mami, papito, hermanito), and the importance of religion reflected in the use of names with religious associations (Rosario, Mercedes, Pilar)
  • learning how to talk about culture and language using terms such as ‘meaning’, ‘difference’ and ‘behaviour’, and thinking about values, ideas and traditions that sit inside language, for example, responding to prompts such as: What does it mean when…? Why do you think people…?

  VCESU144 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 description

  Students use an increasing range of vocabulary, become more confident in terms of pronunciation and continue to build grammatical and textual knowledge. They apply phonic knowledge to unfamiliar language and notice the relationship between accents and stress or intonation. They use present, past...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence

• VCESU159

  Recognise that language use varies according to the contexts of situation and culture

  Elaborations

  • finding examples of informal language used by young people in Spanish, such as shortened noun forms (la profe, la bici, la compu) or the use of emoticons, comparing with the use of similar abbreviations by young Australians (‘vegie’, ‘ta’, ‘telly’), and considering why these forms of language are used
  • understanding the importance of using appropriate forms of address when interacting with different people, for example, using tú when speaking with close friends, family members or other young people, and using usted for other less familiar adults
  • noticing that language use often reflects the mood, feelings or relationships of the people involved, such as the use of emotive or affectionate language between close friends and family members, or persuasive language used in advertisements

  VCESU159 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU014

  Recognise and describe features of familiar types of texts, and notice how these contribute to the making of meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing English and Spanish versions of familiar types of texts, noting similarities and differences in language features and text structure, for example, ways of opening and closing formal or personal letters
  • understanding how to use cohesive devices such as conjunctions and time markers in texts to sequence, link and elaborate ideas, for example, y, o, pero, además, primero, después, de pronto
  • analysing features of common types of texts such as stories, emails, songs and slogans, identifying how the choice of language and structure works to achieve each text’s purpose
  • identifying the intended audience, purpose and key language features of familiar types of texts such as recipes, announcements, road signs or instructions, for example, Primero, se pelan las patatas..., Señores pasajeros, el tren con destino ..., SE RUEGA SILENCIO, Escribir la respuesta a las siguientes preguntas ...

  VCESU014 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU194

  Discuss the purpose and features of a range of texts, such as informative, argumentative or persuasive texts, using appropriate metalanguage to identify and describe characteristics

  Elaborations

  • analysing different types of texts, such as television dramas or news bulletins, to demonstrate how language is used to create particular effects such as emotional impact or interest
  • noticing the different conventions that shape texts, for example, the use of descriptive language in travel brochures, emotive language in advertisements, or argument in debates
  • identifying textual conventions associated with types of texts in different cultural contexts, for example, the salutation in an email ("Hola Luis"), informal language in blogs, or rhetorical language in political pamphlets
  • creating sample texts for a resource bank, identifying key features and functions that characterise particular types of texts such as voicemail, slogans, informative articles or short stories
  • comparing spoken and written texts, such as spoken and print advertisements, face-to-face conversations and emails, to understand how their mode shapes their structure and helps the text to achieve its purpose

  VCESU194 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use written and spoken Spanish to initiate and sustain interactions with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They use language spontaneously to offer opinions on social issues and to discuss young people’s interests...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCESU138

  Experiment with Spanish pronunciation, intonation and spelling rules, including patterns associated with questions and statements

  Elaborations

  • playing games such as Word Bingo with more difficult sounds, for example, the letter c in camino/coco compared to cero/cifra
  • learning to recognise the silent h as in hamaca, ahora and almohada and in loan words such as hotel
  • recognising and using different intonation for statements, commands, exclamations and questions, for example, Rosa va a la escuela; ¿Rosa va a la escuela?; ¡Vamos todos! ¡Ay, ay, ay!
  • extrapolating from familiar sounds and contexts to spell new words, for example, predicting how to spell Pablo having learnt the spelling of hablo
  • understanding that an accent may change the meaning of the word, for example, tú and tu, papa and papá
  • noticing the function of accents in relation to stress and pronunciation, for example, café, teléfono, árbol
  • applying punctuation and capitalisation rules when writing, such as not capitalising days of the week, months of the year or nationalities
  • understanding that some letters blend to make single sounds, such as GU in seguimos or QU in queso

  VCESU138 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESC113

  Present factual information about self, family, friends and everyday objects using simple statements and support materials

  Elaborations

  • labelling or naming personal possessions and classroom items and resources, for example, la mesa, mi lápiz, tu cuaderno, la pizarra portátil
  • using simple statements, familiar vocabulary and concrete materials to talk about self and the immediate environment, for example, Tengo el pelo largo. Estoy en mi clase. Mi hermana se llama Lucía. Este/a es mi mejor amigo/a. Me gusta tocar el/la piano/flauta
  • contributing to shared understanding of aspects of the Spanish-speaking world through activities such as pointing to places on a map or at pictures of foods, flora and fauna, for example, En México, la comida es picante. Guinea Ecuatorial está en Africa. El lince es bonito
  • drawing aspects of daily routines (la merienda, los deportes, las tareas de la casa) and creating captions or attaching word bubbles
  • using key words and phrases to describe aspects of a video clip, photo story or excerpt from a television program such as Barrio Sésamo, for example, Hoy vamos a hablar de la letra ñ

  VCESC113 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing