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• Turkish - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students interact in written and spoken Turkish to exchange and compare views and experiences on personal, local and global issues, for example, liseyi bitirince Türkiye’de üniversiteye gitmek istiyorum, okulu bitirdikten sonra seyahat etmek istiyorum. They us...

  Level description | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCTRC002

  Participate in guided activities such as songs, games, tasks and transactions, using movement, gestures, pictures and concrete materials to support meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • participating in activities that involve taking turns, making choices or swapping items, such as games used to reinforce number and memory skills, for example, Jale sıra sende. Şimdi benim sıram. Bu benim. Bu senin. Bu Deniz’in. Kaç top var?
  • participating in songs, poems and chants, such as counting or rhyming games, singing and performing actions, for example, Mini mini bir kuş donmuştu, Çan çan çikolata, Sağ elimde beş parmak, Kutu kutu pense, El ele verin çocuklar
  • participating in tasks that involve exchanging objects and classifying attributes such as shapes, colours and numbers, using simple question forms and affirmative/negative responses, for example, Ben kırmızı karelerle çatı yapacağım. Yeşil dairelerle ağaç yapalım. Ben sarı üçgenleri istemiyorum. Sende pembe dikdörtgen var mı? Hayır, yok. Mavi var
  • creating and describing pictures or crafted items, for example, Pamuktan kardan adam yapalım. Düğmelerden göz yapalım. Burnuna turuncu çubuk koyalım.
  • following instructions by moving around or by locating or moving objects in the classroom, for example, Kurşun kalemi masanın üstüne koy. Pencerenin yanındaki sandalyeye otur. Resmi arkadaki duvara as.

  VCTRC002 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRU046

  Understand the relationships between intonation and stress in Turkish, and apply this understanding to their own written and spoken language and meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • recognising differences in the pronunciation of long and short vowels with and without accent, and understanding that the length of a vowel and accent can change meaning, as in hala-hâlâ, and palatalise the previous consonant, as in kar-kâr
  • understanding sound assimilation, for example, how in words ending in k, the k softens to become yumuşak g (soft g), ğ before suffixes starting with a vowel, for example, kulak – kulağıma, küçük-küçüğüm
  • understanding how to use emphasis to enhance meaning, for example, using high-pitch tone and primary stress at the end of words, as in gel′dim ya!
  • understanding how stress is usually placed on the last syllable in Turkish, except in the case of some question words, compounds and place names, such as ′Ankara, ′Türkiye but Bulgaris′tan, Gürcis′tan, ′hangi, ′niçin
  • applying the principles of vowel harmony and sound assimilation of consonants and grammatical knowledge to the spelling and writing of unfamiliar words, for example, suffixes such as -cı, kapkaççı, bankacı, yolcu, oduncu, examples of sound assimilation, sokak+-da = sokakta, süt+-de = sütte, kebap+-cı = kebapçı, simit+-ci = simitçi
  • noticing the pronunciation of loan words, including vowels and consonant clusters, for example, plaj, spor, tren
  • recognising the effect of non-verbal language and tone in reinforcing meaning in spoken Turkish, for example, Buyrun! Vay be! Mahvoldum ya!, İnanmıyorum! Git yaa! Eeee, başka? Hadi be! Öf ya!

  VCTRU046 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU067

  Understand how their own use of Turkish in social, school and community contexts has changed over time, discussing reasons for changes or adaptations

  Elaborations

  • identifying changes in their ways of communicating in Turkish as a result of influences such as social media, popular culture, technology and intercultural experience, for example, the use of acronyms, emoticons, ‘selfies’ in text messaging, and of abbreviations such as nbr (ne haber), tmm (tamam), slm (selam), kib (kendine iyi bak), bye (güle güle) and aeo (Allaha emanet ol)
  • reflecting on how their use of language develops as they grow older and as they communicate in different contexts, with different people, for different purposes, discussing how speaking more than one language provides additional resources for making meaning
  • monitoring their own and others’ use of new forms of language, behaviour and self-expression across different contexts such as school and social worlds, including virtual forms of communication
  • investigating changes in their use of Turkish in wider contexts, for example, as a result of increased exposure to Turkish-language media in Australia, comparing the language used in various television dramas to their own use of the language in daily life

  VCTRU067 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCTRU048

  Understand how different types of text in Turkish, including prose and verse, create effects to suit different audiences

  Elaborations

  • analysing and comparing language used in particular types of texts, for example, descriptive language in recounts or narratives, persuasive language in advertisements, humorous language in comic verse or puppet theatre plays, instructional language in recipes and manuals, expository language and factual statements in news reports
  • analysing characteristic features of texts that they use and interact with in their everyday lives, for example, the use of abbreviations and emoticons in texting, rhetorical questions in advertisements, numerical terms in recipes and receipts, emotive and rhyming words in song lyrics, headings in blogs and on websites
  • discussing the use of imagery in different kinds of creative or performative texts, identifying how this helps to convey meaning and engage/entertain the audience
  • understanding the cultural significance of features of particular types of texts, such as forms of address and language associated with rituals or celebrations, anonymous or Anatolian stories in the lyrics of türkü songs, the use of dialogue and oaths in Andımız, characterisation in Turkish Nasrettin Hoca ve diğer fıkralar, kukla oyunu and masal, the use of deyimler ve atasözleri in Turkish legends and short stories
  • discussing how poems or song lyrics, such as Arkadaşım Eşşek and Çanakkale Türküsü, create particular moods (özlem ve acıma) and tap into particular emotions by using techniques such as repetition, rhyme and direct forms of address

  VCTRU048 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRC008

  Explain in English the meaning of everyday Turkish words, phrases and gestures, noticing which are similar or different to equivalent words in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • translating simple words and expressions related to ‘Things I do everyday’, using matching word cards, pictures, large print dictionaries, word lists and labels, noticing words that are similar in the two languages, such as televizyon, radyo, yogurt, tren, taksi
  • explaining the English meaning of Turkish words and phrases used for greetings, apologies and appreciations, such as hoş geldiniz, hoş bulduk, geçmiş olsun, merhaba, hoşça kal, günaydın, iyi günler, iyi akşamlar, iyi geceler, and discussing how and when they are used
  • comparing and contrasting the meaning and sounds of key words and expressions that feature in Turkish and English versions of popular children’s rhymes, games and songs, such as ‘Old MacDonald’ and Ali Baba’nın Çiftliği, ‘Are you sleeping?’ and Tembel Çocuk Kalksana
  • demonstrating and explaining in Turkish gestures that are associated with cultural traditions, such as greeting elders by kissing their hand and placing it on the forehead to show respect
  • noticing words or expressions in Turkish that are not easy to translate into English because they carry different meanings, for example, Ellerine sağlık. Çok yaşa! Sen de gör! Geçmiş olsun!

  VCTRC008 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRC110

  Translate and interpret a range of texts, including conversational exchanges, proverbs, media and literary texts, considering the role of culture when transferring meaning from one language to the other

  Elaborations

  • recording, transcribing and translating short conversations between friends or family members from English into Turkish and vice versa, identifying words or expressions that either do not translate meaningfully, such as yuvarlanıp gidiyoruz, canıma tak dedi, yetti artık, or require no translation, for example, yoğurt, kebap
  • translating and glossing words, symbols or expressions commonly used in emails and text messages, such as slm (Selam), mrb (merhaba), kib (kendine iyi bak), inş (inşallah)
  • interpreting elements of spoken texts for non-Turkish speakers, for example, by providing a commentary on an item presented at a class, school or community event, including explanations in English of culturally significant allusions, expressions and gestures
  • creating an English language commentary to a Turkish language sitcom, discussing how to transfer or explain the humour or dramatic effects of the original text for non-Turkish speaking Australians
  • comparing their translated versions of news headlines or popular advertisements, discussing perceived differences in focus or emphasis between the two language versions
  • interpreting the significance of Turkish terms or phrases used on formal occasions, such as weddings, school speech days or religious occasions, for example, Saygıdeğer misafirler ve sevgili çocuklar, Allah bir yastıkta kocatsın, darısı başına, Allah kabul etsin, explaining cultural connotations that are unfamiliar when translated directly into English
  • translating proverbs such as ağaç yaşken eğilir, ayağını yorganına göre uzat, explaining cultural allusions that do not translate meaningfully into English, and finding English language proverbs that express similar ideas or concepts
  • critically evaluating the accuracy and effectiveness of subtitles used in movies, video clips and documentaries, identifying examples of ‘meaning lost in translation’
  • identifying the need to sometimes recast language, considering why one language may use more words than another to communicate a particular meaning

  VCTRC110 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRC060

  Produce short bilingual texts such as digital stories, comics, blogs and contributions to newsletters or websites which capture the experience of ‘living between languages’

  Elaborations

  • contributing posts to websites or online forums which provide examples of challenges involved in bilingual communication, for example, by glossing Australian expressions, such as ‘to cost an arm and a leg’, ‘to barrack for’, ‘bush tucker’, ‘snags’ and ‘good on you!’
  • creating menus or programs for Turkish-themed events, with key items/information in Turkish and explanatory footnotes/glossaries in English
  • creating subtitles, captions or commentaries for texts such as video clips, displays or slide shows which introduce the school community to significant aspects of Turkish culture, such as Ramazan/Kurban Bayramı, 19 Mayıs Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı, Cumhuriyet Bayramı, yayla festivalleri
  • creating glossaries for friends and relatives in other Turkish-speaking countries to explain aspects of Australian lifestyles and terminology, for example, the use of abbreviations and colloquialisms such as ‘barbie’, ‘arvo’, ‘brekkie’, ‘g’day’, ‘fair dinkum’ or ‘No worries!’
  • creating humorous bilingual texts, such as comics, stories or dialogues between Turkish-speaking characters in Australia, highlighting challenges associated with the experience of ‘living between languages’

  VCTRC060 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• Languages | Turkish: Structure

  Sequences of learning

  The Turkish curriculum recognises that there are different entry points into language learning across F–10, which reflects current language teaching practice.

  There are two possible learning sequences:

  • F–10 sequence for students who begin to learn the language...

  Overview material | Turkish

• VCTRU099

  Identify features that characterise different types of texts in Turkish, comparing them with similar texts in English

  Elaborations

  • comparing features of different types of texts encountered in and out of school, considering differences in structure, layout, language features and register; for example, the use of imperatives and instructional language in recipes or directions; expressive language and rhythm in poetry or song lyrics; the use of abbreviations and emoticons in text messaging
  • identifying characteristic elements of texts associated with national, religious or cultural events, such as festivals or weddings, for example, formulaic and respectful language such as bayramınız kutlu olsun, Allah analı babalı büyütsün, Allah mesut etsin, Allah kavuştursun, comparing with typical elements or features of equivalent texts in English
  • identifying differences between spoken and written forms of familiar text types, such as invitations, apologies or greetings, noticing variations in grammar, structure and cohesion, for example, sizleri de aramızda görmekten mutluluk duyarız, mutlaka gelin, affınızı rica ederim, çok üzgünüm
  • comparing features of texts that share a purpose but use different modes of communication, for example, by explaining how and why a text message is different to a phone call, or a puppet show to a written story
  • recognising conventions relating to structure and composition in Turkish poetry, for example, by identifying patterns of rhythm, rhyme, repetition and meter in poems by Orhan Veli Kanık, Yunus Emre
  • selecting excerpts of favourite comedy routines or cartoons to demonstrate how creative and performative texts use imagery, satire and expression to create mood, tap into emotions and engage and entertain an audience
  • developing metalanguage to talk about texts, for example, by referring to textual elements such as structure, mood, register, and by identifying features of text types, for example, mektuba hitap ile başlanır, elektronik mesajda kısaltmalar kullanılır

  VCTRU099 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU118

  Investigate changes to Turkish over time and across contexts, reflecting on changes in their personal use of the language

  Elaborations

  • identifying changes in their ways of communicating in Turkish due to the influence of factors such as technology, social media, peer influence and intercultural experience, for example, the use of acronyms, emoticons, ‘selfies’ and abbreviations in text messaging such as nbr (ne haber), tmm (tamam), slm (selam), kib (kendine iyi bak), bye (güle güle) and aeo (allaha emanet ol)
  • finding evidence of cross-cultural influences in Turkish and Australian English, for example, the use of words such as Anzaklar, bumerang, bay bay and Aborijini in Turkish and ‘Gallipoli’, ‘young Turks’, ‘doner’, ‘coffee’, ‘kebab’ and ‘kiosk’ in Australian English
  • analysing texts such as the Turkish national anthem, istiklal marşı, investigating the origins of loan words such as şafak, istiklal, çehre
  • investigating changes in communication styles due to influences from other languages and cultures in contemporary forms of Turkish expression, for example, the use of words such as, enteresan, genetik, avantaj, çare, and otoban, identifying existing equivalent terms such as ilginç, kalıtımsal, fayda/üstünlük, çözüm and otoyol
  • collecting examples of words, expressions or gestures used by their grandparents or parents but less frequently used among people in their age group, for example, nâfile, derya, zat-ı ali, sultanım, hazretleri, cihanda sulh, reflecting on reasons for such changes
  • investigating how Turkish uses word derivation tools to create new words that reflect social or cultural change or innovation, for example, the use of gün- in günce, the use of yaz- to create yazgı, yazılım, yazıcı, yazışma and yazdırım
  • comparing variations in language forms and modes of expression in different Turkish-speaking regions and countries, such as Azerbaijan or Cyprus
  • identifying how language change reflects social, political and historical influences and events, for example, the change of Turkish script firstly to Arabic during the Ottoman period under the leadership of the sultans and then to modern Turkish script under the leadership of Atatürk

  VCTRU118 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Languages | Turkish: Learning in Turkish

  Turkish language learning

  Turkish is the official language of the Republic of Turkey and one of the official languages of Cyprus. It originated many centuries ago in the Northern Siberian Altay Mountain Range. Nomadic people brought the language with them as they expanded out to Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan...

  Overview material | Turkish

• Turkish - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students interact with the teacher and peers to share information about themselves and to exchange greetings, for example, Merhaba! Günaydın! Tünaydın! İyi günler! İyi akşamlar! İyi geceler! Hoşça kal! Güle güle! Hoş geldiniz! Hoş bulduk! They d...

  Level description | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2

• Turkish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students extend their grammatical knowledge to a range of forms and functions that give them control of more complex elements of text construction and word formation. They analyse functions of affixation through the identification of adverbial, adjectival and noun phrases, for example, by recognising...

  Level description | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence

• Turkish - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students understand and use more elaborated grammatical structures, such as verb moods, auxiliary verbs and particles. They recognise and use different types of formal and informal honorific forms, such as Bey/Hanım, Amca/Teyze, Efendi, Ağa/Hanımağa, Sayın, Ağabey (Abi)/Abla, Hoca/Öğretmen...

  Level description | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence

• Languages | Turkish: Rationale and Aims

  Rationale

  Students acquire communication skills in Turkish. They develop  understanding about the role of language and culture in communication. Their reflections on  language use and language learning are applied in other learning contexts.

  Learning languages broadens students’...

  Overview material | Turkish

• VCTRC042

  Translate simple texts from Turkish to English and vice versa, identifying elements that require interpretation rather than translation and noticing words that are similar but pronounced differently

  Elaborations

  • explaining in English the meaning of Turkish expressions that do not translate literally, comparing with expressions in English for which there are no easy Turkish translations
  • finding expressions in English that convey similar meanings to those expressed in phrases used in advertisements, shop signs or folktales, such as ateş pahası, darısı başına, küplere binmek, kulakları çınlamak, pabucu dama atılmak, güme gitmek, demli çay and ocakbaşı
  • identifying words that are similar in Turkish and English, comparing their spelling, pronunciation, intonation and stress in the two languages, for example, ağustos, alfabe, ansiklopedi, çikolata, doktor, elektrik, fotoğraf, laboratuvar, paraşüt, tren, veteriner, yoğurt
  • creating and cross-referencing banks of Turkish words and phrases that do or do not have direct equivalents in English
  • working out the meaning of unfamiliar English words and expressions used in other curriculum areas, such as ‘drought’, ‘starvation’, ‘flood’, ‘snowstorm’, and considering how they would convey their meaning in Turkish, for example, kuraklık, açlık, kıtlık, sel, kar fırtınası
  • collecting examples of proverbs used in their families, such as Damlaya damlaya göl olur, Ak akçe kara gün içindir, Denize düşen yılana sarılır, and discussing how to explain their meaning to non-Turkish speaking friends
  • learning to use bilingual print and digital dictionaries, identifying issues such as multiple meanings for words and the fact that meaning is not always literal

  VCTRC042 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRU017

  Understand that people use language in ways that reflect their culture, such as where and how they live and what is important to them

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, how it involves visible elements, such as ways of dressing, eating and dancing, and invisible elements, such as ways of thinking and valuing
  • recognising that there are words and expressions in Turkish that ‘belong’ to Turkish and not to English, for example, Hoş bulduk, Çok yaşa, Sen de gör
  • noticing that some Australian terms and expressions only have meaning in the Australian context and have no equivalent in Turkish, for example,’ the outback’, ‘bush tucker’, ‘Good on ya!’
  • noticing that using Turkish and using English involves different ways of communicating; considering what this reveals about cultural values or traditions

  VCTRU017 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• Turkish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use spoken and written Turkish to initiate and sustain social interactions and to reflect on their experiences. They exchange ideas on topics such as Türkiye’ye ilk ziyaret, Avustralya’ya ilk geliş and offer and justify opinions, for example, Sana kat...

  Level description | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Turkish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students' development of literacy skills progresses from supported comprehension and use of high-frequency and personally significant sight words to understanding and applying basic grammatical features of the language, such as simple verb tenses and verb moods, for example, recognising question...

  Level description | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence