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• VCVIC133

  Explore their own sense of identity, including elements such as family, background, experiences, and ways of using language in Vietnamese- and English-speaking contexts

  Elaborations

  • discussing the groups they belong to, including their family and Vietnamese cultural and language groups, and reflecting on how membership of these groups affects their own sense of identity
  • creating texts that express their identity, including as a member of different cultural and/or language groups, for example, their name in English and/or Vietnamese, their age in Vietnam and Australia (Mai lên chín, tuổi ta. Mai mới tám tuổi tây)
  • mapping their personal profile by creating a chart, timeline or web document to highlight significant experiences or events, for example, marking an event when they identified as Vietnamese, such as Lunar New Year (Tết Nguyên đán)
  • noticing how they communicate with one another, their family, teachers and other adults, identifying differences in behaviour in different contexts and with different people, and suggesting reasons for these differences

  VCVIC133 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIC130

  Translate and interpret words and expressions in simple Vietnamese and English texts, noticing similarities and differences or non-equivalence of words and expressions

  Elaborations

  • identifying words and expressions in Vietnamese and English that do not readily translate, for example, phở, bánh chưng, áo dài, ‘bushwalking’, ‘the outback’
  • examining texts, including digital and multimodal texts, to identify how the meaning of words changes according to context, for example, a common Vietnamese homonym such as đá, which may mean ‘to kick’, ‘stone’ or ‘ice’ (as in trà đá); or the personal pronouns ‘I’ and ‘you’ in English, which can be translated as ông, bà, cô, chú, anh, chị, em, con or cháu in Vietnamese
  • noticing the diverse ways in which meaning is conveyed in Vietnamese and English, and differentiating between word-by-word translation and intended meaning, for example, Chúc (ông bà) sống lâu trăm tuổi (‘I wish you long life’) and Chúc cháu bé ngoan ăn, chóng lớn (‘I hope the baby eats well and grows fast’)
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts from Vietnamese into English, for example, street signs, addresses and food labels, noting that some signs or symbols are universal, for example, the ‘Stop’ and ‘Peace’ signs, and the wi-fi and Olympic symbols

  VCVIC130 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIC147

  Translate and interpret texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, noticing which words or concepts are easy or difficult to translate

  Elaborations

  • identifying words or phrases that are hard to translate, for example, food items (bánh chưng, bánh tét, bánh xèo, phở) or traditional customs (cúng ông bà, xin xăm, coi ngày, coi tuổi), and explaining possible reasons for difficulty of translation
  • translating and interpreting a range of simple texts, including idioms, from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, and developing strategies to deal with words that are difficult to translate, for example, tiên học lễ, hậu học văn, gần mực thì đen, gần đèn thì rạng/sáng, ăn vóc học hay
  • translating words and expressions in familiar texts, including multimodal and digital texts, such as greeting cards, menus, road signs or story titles, and considering how meaning may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • comparing own translations of simple texts with peers’, commenting on differences between versions and collaborating to develop a whole-class version
  • exploring diverse ways in which meaning is conveyed in Vietnamese and English, such as multiple meanings of words, for example, ‘old’ may be translated as già or cũ, ngon as ‘tasty’, ‘delicious’, ‘mouthwatering’, ‘scrumptious’ or ‘rich’, and comparing synonyms for verbs, for example, ‘running’, ‘sprinting’, ‘dashing’, ‘jogging’ and chạy nhanh, chạy vụt, chạy bộ
  • examining the risks of literal (word-for-word) translation when translating expressions, idioms and proverbs, for example, ‘An eye for an eye’ should not be translated as Một con mắt cho một con mắt but as Ăn miếng trả miếng

  VCVIC147 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIC181

  Translate and interpret texts for different audiences and contexts, and explore how cultural concepts, values and beliefs are represented differently in Vietnamese and English

  Elaborations

  • viewing English-language films with Vietnamese subtitles (and vice versa), evaluating the effectiveness of the translations and explaining associated cultural aspects
  • reading short texts and excerpts from a range of informative, personal and literary texts, identifying cultural elements and reflecting on how they are encoded differently in Vietnamese and English, for example, the use of family terms, titles and terms of address (cô, chú, anh, chị, em)
  • analysing and discussing similarities and differences and cultural influences in common Vietnamese and English idiomatic expressions, for example, Có chí thì nên = ‘Where there’s a will there’s a way’, Đừng có trông mặt mà bắt hình dong = ‘Don’t judge a book by its cover’, đẻ bọc điều = ‘To be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth’, Dạy con từ thuở còn thơ = ‘Strike while the iron is hot’
  • translating written expressions associated with politeness and social behaviours in Vietnamese, for example, opening and closing of formal/informal letters with phrases such as Kính thưa giám đốc, Ba mẹ kính yêu/Bạn thân mến/Em yêu, Thân/Thân mến/Thương mến/Thân chào/Trân trọng kính chào, and comparing them with standard expressions in English, such as ‘Dear …’, ‘Yours sincerely/faithfully’, ‘Kind regards’/‘Regards’
  • experimenting with translating idiomatic expressions and proverbs as well as a range of short texts that involve cultural elements, exploring how to convey meaning and cultural significance in Vietnamese and English, and recognising that the translation of expressions, idioms and proverbs requires both literacy skills and cultural knowledge to mediate between languages
  • translating a range of texts, such as advertisements, speeches, songs, and story or film extracts, and examining the appropriateness of translation for specific audiences and contexts

  VCVIC181 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIC132

  Reflect on their experiences when interacting in English and Vietnamese, identifying differences in language use and behaviours

  Elaborations

  • comparing their interactions in Vietnamese and English, noticing different behaviours and language used, for example, using appropriate personal pronouns and adding the sound ơi after the names of family members and friends to attract the person’s attention or show affection (Mẹ ơi, Hoa ơi), compared with addressing friends in English by their first name (Chị ơi, ra đây chơi với em/Lan)
  • describing elements of Vietnamese language that are different to English, including pronunciation, gestures and facial expressions, and sharing what they find difficult or awkward when using each language
  • developing language for describing experiences of intercultural exchange in different contexts, for example, Tôi thích nói tiếng Việt ở nhà hơn ở trường

  VCVIC132 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIC149

  Reflect on their experiences of interacting in Vietnamese- and English-speaking contexts, and discuss adjustments to language and behaviours made when moving between languages

  Elaborations

  • explaining adjustments they make when moving between English- and Vietnamese-speaking contexts, for example, adjusting the way they communicate to adults and authority figures in Vietnamese by using ‘please’ (Dạ, phải. Thưa bác), or the use of different introductions depending on the participants, such as using Thưa ba mẹ, đây là Nam, bạn con to introduce friends to their parents and Đây là Hải, bạn tôi to introduce friends to each other
  • identifying adjustments they make when interacting in an Australian-English context, for example, using different forms of address, or different ways of showing politeness, and discussing why these adjustments are appropriate
  • reflecting on instances when moving between Vietnamese- and English-speaking contexts has felt comfortable, awkward or difficult and explaining why this might be the case
  • discussing the ways they communicate with Vietnamese speakers, for example, making appropriate eye contact, allowing for personal space, and making language choices to show respect to elderly people, parents and teachers; and drawing comparisons with the ways they communicate with English speakers

  VCVIC149 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIC114

  Create bilingual texts in both Vietnamese and English for the immediate learning environment such as labels, captions, wall charts and other resources

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual identity cards that contain personal information, for example, Đây là tôi. Tôi có mắt màu đen. Tôi có tóc ngắn/‘This is me. I have brown eyes. I have short hair’
  • creating parallel cards (in English and Vietnamese) and playing matching games such as Memory or Snap
  • creating bilingual resources such as illustrated Vietnamese–English and English–Vietnamese wall charts or online flashcards for classroom use
  • creating bilingual captions in Vietnamese and English for a photographic display for the classroom about a class event or experience such as a sports day, multicultural day or school camp
  • making and displaying labels in Vietnamese and English for classroom objects

  VCVIC114 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIC010

  Compare personal responses and reactions during interactions in Vietnamese and English, noticing how interaction involves culture as well as language

  Elaborations

  • discussing their own level of comfort with particular gestures and body language when interacting across cultures, for example, making or not making eye contact when talking to older people, beckoning downwards or upwards, and hugging or not hugging in greeting
  • sharing with peers how it feels to use Vietnamese and English in different contexts, such as at home, at school and in the Vietnamese community, reflecting on instances when these interactions have felt comfortable, awkward or difficult, and explaining why this might be the case
  • developing language to describe personal reactions to and feelings about intercultural experiences, for example, thoải mái/không thoải mái, thích/không thích
  • noticing how their Vietnamese cultural background influences their linguistic choices in cross-cultural interactions, for example, changing terms of address and level of formality depending on the context of interaction and the relationships between participants, such as the use of ông, bà or title plus the first or full name (ông Bình, bà Hoa, Trưng Nữ Vương, Vua Quang Trung, Tiến sĩ Hiệp, Bộ trưởng Lê Trung Hiếu) when addressing people formally
  • discussing how language reflects cultural concepts and values, for example, the importance of seeking agreement and compromise as reflected in the way Vietnamese people express disagreement (Tôi không nghĩ vậy. Tôi e rằng… Bạn nói cũng có lý nhưng tôi nghĩ khác), the importance of modesty and humility as expressed in the proverb Bảy hai chưa què chớ khoe rằng khoẻ, and the importance of respect as seen in the way Vietnamese people greet each other or address the elderly (dạ/thưa/ kính thưa)

  VCVIC010 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIC166

  Reflect on cultural differences between Vietnamese and English communicative styles, discussing how and why they modify language for different cultural perspectives

  Elaborations

  • discussing cultural cues in communication that suggest differences in traditions, ideas or values, for example, the importance of seeking agreement and compromise as reflected in the way Vietnamese people express disagreement (Tôi e rằng… Bạn nói cũng có lý nhưng mà …), or the importance of respect as seen in the way Vietnamese people greet each other or address the elderly (dạ/thưa/kính thưa)
  • reflecting on the influence of Vietnamese culture on own communication style, for example, using gestures, words or expressions with particular cultural significance in Vietnamese, and discussing whether they modify their communication style when interacting in English-speaking contexts
  • reflecting on and explaining which words, expressions or gestures should or should not be incorporated when interacting with Vietnamese speakers or speakers of other languages, for example, using expressions of praise or admiration, beckoning downwards or upwards, hugging someone in greeting, making eye contact during conversation
  • comparing choices of language and behaviours when communicating in Vietnamese and English, explaining the modifications they make and why, for example, being indirect when making refusals in Vietnamese-speaking contexts (Dạ con không dám hứa chắc. Để con xem hôm đó có bận gì không. Con cũng thích món quà này nhưng mà ...) or using both hands when giving something to elderly people

  VCVIC166 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIC027

  Reflect on own ways of communicating in Vietnamese and English, recognising that intercultural communication involves shared responsibility for meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • comparing appropriate ways of communicating in Vietnamese and non-Vietnamese contexts, for example, using different forms of address such as addressing a teacher by their first name in Vietnamese but by their family name in English (Thầy Tùng/Mr Nguyen), or different ways of showing politeness, and discussing why each way is appropriate in the right context, and how they enhance intercultural communication
  • reflecting on own language choices and communicative gestures in different cultural contexts, considering how ways of behaving and communicating might be perceived by people from different backgrounds, and making necessary adjustments to establish, maintain and improve relationships with immediate contacts such as family, teacher and peers, for example, addressing extended family members by their order within the family rather than by their name (chú ba, cô hai, bác tư versus ‘Uncle John’, ‘Aunty Lucy’)
  • discussing reasons for different interpretations of meaning in intercultural exchanges, for example, knowing that to avoid offence Vietnamese people may give an indirect answer to a question or request whereas Australians prefer to say what they really think or mean
  • exploring the reciprocal nature of intercultural communication, the two-way process of noticing and responding to differences in perceptions, understandings and behaviours, for example, degrees of formality and politeness, and use of personal space and physical contact
  • identifying moments of embarrassment or communication breakdown in own intercultural interactions, exploring reasons for these and suggesting adjustments to language and/or behaviours that could be made to enhance mutual understanding
  • discussing elements of successful intercultural communication, for example, flexibility, attitudes to privacy or different levels of directness in discussions, and awareness of differences in cultural values and religious practices (such as filial piety, respect for elderly people and education)

  VCVIC027 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIU139

  Make connections between cultural practices and language use, such as culture-specific terms or expressions in Vietnamese and English

  Elaborations

  • discussing cultural similarities and differences between ways of interacting with different people, such as peers, family members or teachers, in Vietnamese- and English-speaking contexts
  • recognising the interconnections between cultural practices and language use in Vietnamese and demonstrating cultural awareness when using Vietnamese, for example, using Dạ, thưa to indicate politeness, or adding ông, bà, thầy, cô, … before Vietnamese names rather than addressing Vietnamese adults only by their first names, to show respect
  • identifying traditional cultural practices and related language use that supports the sustainable consumption of resources, for example, cất những túi nhựa đi chợ để dùng lại
  • recognising both the literal and cultural meanings of Vietnamese names and understanding Vietnamese naming traditions, for example, that Vietnamese people traditionally list their family name first, then their middle name, and their first (given) name last
  • exploring how language carries cultural ideas, such as Tết Nguyên đán, Tết Trung thu, đám giỗ, thôi nôi, đầy tháng
  • learning metalanguage to discuss the relationship between language and culture in Vietnamese and English, using metalanguage, for example, ý nghĩa (‘meaning’), sự khác biệt (‘difference’) and cách cư xử (‘behaviour’)

  VCVIU139 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCVIC008

  Translate and interpret short texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, identifying aspects that are similar or different and words or phrases that translate easily or with difficulty

  Elaborations

  • translating information collaboratively and with teacher support, for example, menus, school timetables, directions, and school and public signs or notices, and recognising and explaining similarities and differences in language structures, for example, ga xe lửa/‘train station’, Ngày Làm Sạch Nước Úc/‘Clean Up Australia Day’, quẹo trái/‘turn left’, đi thẳng phía trước/‘go straight ahead’, Em không thích cái nón này, phải không? - Dạ, em không thích or Không, em thích mà/‘You don’t like this hat, do you?’ – ‘No, I don’t’ or ‘Yes, I do’
  • identifying words or phrases that are difficult to translate, for example, food items (bánh chưng, bánh tét, bánh xèo, phở) or traditional customs (cúng ông bà, xin xăm, coi ngày, coi tuổi), and explaining reasons for difficulty, such as lack of equivalent concepts or practices in either language
  • recognising changes required to sentence structure or word use in English–Vietnamese translation, for example, ‘This lesson is too hard to understand’ = Bài học này khó quá, tôi không hiểu được; ‘I can’t help laughing’ = Tôi không thể nhịn cười được
  • learning to use bilingual dictionaries and electronic translation tools, and identifying issues such as multiple meanings of words and the need to consider context or grammatical aspects to select relevant meaning, for example, giấy khen (‘merit certificate’) and hôn thú (‘marriage certificate’); chảy nước mắt (‘to shed tears’) but Hãy xé tờ giấy này đi! (‘Tear this paper off!’); Tôi biết chơi khúc côn cầu (‘I can play cricket’) and Tôi thấy một con dế trong vườn (‘I have seen a cricket in the garden’)

  VCVIC008 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIC025

  Translate and interpret texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, compare different versions of translations, explore differences and identify strategies to overcome challenges in translation

  Elaborations

  • explaining the terms used to describe common features of schooling in Vietnam, for example, terms related to the curriculum or to assessment and reporting, such as chương trình, sách giáo khoa, bài kiểm tra, học bạ, bằng cấp, and comparing these with similar terms used for Australian schooling
  • translating simple school documents into Vietnamese, considering language choices and cultural expressions to suit a particular audience, such as Vietnamese parents
  • translating and interpreting short texts, such as announcements, advertisements, articles, reports, or extracts from stories or films, considering audience and context, and reflecting on how cultural elements are encoded in common words and expressions, for example, use of family terms, titles, and terms of address such as anh, chị, cô, chú, tôi and em
  • interpreting and translating a range of texts from English into Vietnamese and vice versa, using and evaluating translation resources such as web-based translation tools and print and digital dictionaries
  • comparing and discussing various translations (including print and electronic translations, own and peers’ translation work) of common words, phrases, expressions and texts, explaining the reasons for possible differences and similarities, selecting the most appropriate version and negotiating any necessary adjustment
  • identifying and applying translation strategies used in bilingual texts to manage the translation of difficult words and concepts or instances of non-equivalence, for example, expanding descriptions or explanations, providing examples to assist meaning, or connecting to context to identify the appropriate meaning if a word can have different meanings or interpretations, for example, cà phê đậm (‘strong coffee’) but người khỏe mạnh (‘a strong person’); thời tiết nóng nực (‘hot weather’), vấn đề gây tranh cãi (‘a hot issue’) and khu vực nguy hiểm (‘a hot zone’)
  • examining and interpreting idiomatic expressions, for example, đẻ bọc điều, có chí thì nên, dạy con từ thuở còn thơ, including expressions that cannot be translated literally and culturally specific terms such as chữ hiếu, tôn sư trọng đạo, and discussing possible equivalent terms in English

  VCVIC025 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIC183

  Reflect on how meanings vary according to cultural assumptions that Vietnamese and English speakers bring to interactions, and take responsibility for contributing to mutual understanding

  Elaborations

  • considering how being bilingual offers different ways of interpreting the world and representing experience
  • explaining how cultural assumptions influence meaning, for example, the action of hugging as an indication of friendliness in English-speaking contexts versus gender intimacy in Vietnamese-speaking contexts
  • challenging cultural assumptions and bringing different perspectives to new cultural contexts or situations, for example, using the personal pronouns anh/em to indicate informality between colleagues rather than to define husband–wife or brother–sister relationships as traditionally assumed
  • considering own and others’ responses and reactions in Vietnamese–English intercultural exchanges and discussing reasons for different interpretations of meaning, for example, knowing that Vietnamese people like to please and therefore may give an inaccurate answer whereas Australians would prefer to say directly what they really think or mean
  • identifying moments of embarrassment or communication breakdown in own intercultural interactions, exploring reasons for these and suggesting adjustments to language and/or behaviours that could be made to enhance mutual understanding
  • discussing elements of successful intercultural communication, for example, flexibility, awareness of differences in cultural and religious practices, respect for elderly people and other traditions, attitudes to privacy or different levels of directness in discussions

  VCVIC183 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students use Vietnamese to interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and experiences relating to themselves, their family and friends. They use formulaic expressions to participate in simple transactional exchanges and collaborative activities, and to seek...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students become familiar with how the sounds and tones of the Vietnamese language are represented in words and symbols. They practise pronunciation through activities such as singing Vietnamese folk songs (đồng dao, ca dao), and experiment with sounds, single vowels, consonants, syllables, simple...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students explore Vietnamese sounds and spelling strategies to further develop their speaking and writing skills. They compare the formation of Vietnamese and English nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions to extend their vocabulary, and use simple sentences to provide information about...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence

• Vietnamese - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students apply appropriate pronunciation of sounds and tones, as well as rhythm and intonation, to a range of spoken texts. They use vocabulary with more complex syllable combinations and become more fluent and accurate in both spoken and written language production. They gain greater control...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use spoken and written Vietnamese for classroom interactions and to share ideas and opinions and express feelings. They exchange information about aspects of their daily life, school, friends and leisure activities. They make shared decisions and arrangements, organise...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• Vietnamese - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students recognise and use features of the Vietnamese sound and writing systems, including tones and tone markers, and apply appropriate pronunciation and spelling rules in spoken and written texts. They apply elements of Vietnamese grammar to the production of texts, such as appropriate word...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence