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• Vietnamese - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students apply appropriate pronunciation of sounds and tones, as well as rhythm and intonation, to a range of spoken texts. They use vocabulary with more complex syllable combinations and become more fluent and accurate in both spoken and written language production. They gain greater control...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use spoken and written Vietnamese for classroom interactions and to share ideas and opinions and express feelings. They exchange information about aspects of their daily life, school, friends and leisure activities. They make shared decisions and arrangements, organise...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• VCVIU138

  Recognise that languages change over time and influence one another

  Elaborations

  • exploring the influence of English on informal language used in daily interactions by Vietnamese people in Australia, for example, đi ‘shop’, xem ‘TV’, nghe ‘radio’, dùng ‘internet’ and the use of terms such as ‘OK’, ‘hello’ and ‘shopping’
  • recognising that many Vietnamese words are derived from other languages, including French (ba lê/‘ballet’, cà phê/‘café’), English (internet, căn-tin/‘canteen’) and Chinese (phụ huynh, tổ quốc)
  • understanding that some languages are continuously evolving, others are endangered, and some are being revived, with particular reference to indigenous languages used throughout the world, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages in Australia
  • reflecting on changes in language practices in modern Vietnamese, and making comparisons with traditional Vietnamese, for example, sử ký and lịch sử, thầy u and ba mẹ, sư phụ and thầy cô

  VCVIU138 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIC164

  Translate and interpret texts, compare own translation of a range of texts with others’, and explore differences and strategies to overcome challenges in translation

  Elaborations

  • interpreting and translating a range of texts from English to Vietnamese and vice versa, using and evaluating translation resources such as web-based translation tools and print and digital dictionaries
  • comparing and discussing various translations (including print and electronic translations, own and peers’ translation work) of common words, phrases, expressions and texts, explaining the possible reasons for differences and similarities, selecting the most appropriate translation and negotiating adjustment if necessary
  • discussing and amending inaccurate translations of public signs or notices in Vietnam and in Australia
  • identifying and discussing strategies for translating difficult words and concepts or instances of non-equivalence, such as expanding descriptions or explanations, providing examples to assist meaning, or connecting to context to identify the meaning of a word, for example, ‘a strong person’ (một người mạnh khỏe) versus ‘strong tea’ (trà đậm); ‘hot weather’ (thời tiết nóng nực) versus ‘a hot issue’ (vấn đề gây tranh cãi) or ‘a hot zone’ (khu vực nguy hiểm)
  • recognising changes required to sentence structure or word use in English–Vietnamese translation, for example, ‘This lesson is too hard to understand’ = Bài học này khó quá, tôi không hiểu được; ‘I can’t help laughing’ = Tôi không thể nhịn cười được
  • observing peers working as interpreters in the classroom in different contexts, identifying challenges in language mediation and exploring strategies to overcome these challenges

  VCVIC164 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIU016

  Recognise the dynamic nature of the Vietnamese language and how it has changed over time through interaction with other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • recognising that many Vietnamese words are borrowed from other languages such as French, for example, ba lê (‘ballet’), cà phê (‘café’), da-ua (‘yaourt’), căn-tin (‘cantine’) and gara (‘garage’), and particularly from Chinese, for example, hoàng thượng/sư phụ
  • identifying and explaining changes in contemporary language practices and social behaviours, for example, using less formal language (such as chào/thưa or chào/kính thưa) and gestures (such as nodding head or shaking hands instead of bowing head and folding arms) when greeting family members and friends rather than strangers
  • recognising and understanding new and borrowed words, phrases and concepts that have been created or incorporated as a result of contact with other cultures, for example, kimono, koala, sushi, pizza, mì Ý (pasta), bánh mì kẹp thịt (hamburger), thức ăn nhanh (fast food)
  • recognising the influence of English language and culture on own Vietnamese language use, including writing Vietnamese names in the English way (Lan Nguyen instead of Nguyễn Thanh Lan); using or mixing English with Vietnamese in daily interactions, such as Bạn làm homework chưa? Sorry! Thank you.

  VCVIU016 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIU155

  Explore how the Vietnamese language has changed over time and how it has been influenced by dialects and accents across regions of Vietnam

  Elaborations

  • recognising ways in which the Vietnamese language has changed over time, for example, the romanisation of the writing system, the declining use of Sino-Vietnamese words such as quốc kỳ and sư phụ, and the increasing use of English words such as ‘OK’, ‘jeans’, ‘shopping’ and ‘hello’
  • recognising and understanding new and borrowed words, phrases and concepts that have been created or incorporated as a result of contact with other cultures, for example, kimono, koala, sushi, pizza, mì Ý (pasta), bánh mì kẹp thịt (hamburger), thức ăn nhanh (fast food)
  • understanding that Vietnamese has different dialects, such as Southern, Central and Northern Vietnamese, for example, má/mẹ (mother), ba/bố (father), dứa/thơm, khóm (pineapple)
  • distinguishing between the three main dialects in Vietnamese, for example, noticing that the Southern and Central Vietnamese dialects have fewer tone markers in spoken language than the Northern Vietnamese dialect
  • exploring the expansion of vocabulary in the Vietnamese language due to the influence of regional dialects, for example, Southerners have adopted some Northern words (ba mẹ) and vice versa (cù lần)

  VCVIU155 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIU012

  Recognise the features of the Vietnamese sound and writing system, including tones and tone markers, and explore Vietnamese pronunciation and spelling rules

  Elaborations

  • exploring the Vietnamese alphabet, identifying letters that have no equivalent in the English alphabet, such as ă, â, ê, ô, ơ, ư and đ, and vice versa (f, w, z)
  • reading, listening to and reproducing Vietnamese words with different tone markers, recognising that Vietnamese is a tonal language, and understanding that pitch changes affect the meaning of a word, for example, ma (‘ghost’), mà (‘but’/‘that’), má (‘mother’), mả (‘grave’), mã (‘horse’), mạ (‘rice seedling’)
  • listening to, reading and reproducing Vietnamese words with the same monophthongs or diphthongs, for example, đi thi, bà già, mai, nai, vài bài, developing awareness of sound–letter relationships to establish concepts of Vietnamese spelling rules
  • identifying words with the same syllables, including monophthongs, diphthongs and triphthongs, for example, nho nhỏ, đo đỏ, ngày nay, máy may, người người cười tươi, when listening to songs and reading poems
  • differentiating between consonant blends that are pronounced similarly such as ch and tr, d and gi, s and x, for example, che chở versus cây tre; hung dữ versus giữ nhà; cá sấu versus xấu quá
  • understanding and applying spelling rules for special cases such as the initial consonant k and consonant clusters kh, gh, ngh can go with the vowels i, e, ê only, for example, kể, khi, nghỉ, ghe, nghe, nghề, and rules relating to middle tone markers dấu hỏi and dấu ngã for Vietnamese alliterations (ngang, sắc, hỏi and huyền, ngã, nặng), such as in mát mẻ, vui vẻ; bẽ bàng, hờ hững
  • applying Vietnamese spelling rules, including adding or changing initial consonants, vowels or tone markers, to form new words, for example, đi thi, bà già, hai tai, mười người, ba và bà, no nê, thủ thỉ, nho nhỏ, nho đỏ, gió to, tươi cười
  • identifying similarities in the Vietnamese pronunciation of Chinese, French and English loan words such as sư phụ, toilet, gara, tivi, video

  VCVIU012 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU033

  Understand how the Vietnamese language has evolved and how it continues to change over time and from place to place due to processes such as globalisation and migration, and the influence of technology and popular culture

  Elaborations

  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously in response to new ideas, social change and technological development
  • explaining Vietnamese words, phrases and concepts that have emerged as a result of technological development, for example, máy vi tính xách tay, nhấp chuột, điện thoại thông minh, nhật ký điện tử, đồ điều khiển từ xa, trò chơi trực tuyến
  • exploring how globalisation has resulted in the use of English words and expressions in Vietnamese, and discussing the advantages/disadvantages of this influence, for example, the use of English technological terms such as ‘CD’, ‘DVD’, ‘USB’, ‘video’, ‘TV’, ‘remote control’, ‘computer’, ‘laptop’, ‘internet’ and ‘website’ in spite of the existence of Vietnamese equivalents
  • examining how how new words and concepts have entered the Vietnamese language as a result of processes such as migration and international travel, for example, bảo lãnh, hộ chiếu, thị thực nhập cảnh, di dân, định cư, hội nhập, quốc tịch, thường trú nhân
  • analysing the influence of popular culture on Vietnamese language use in Vietnam and in Vietnamese-speaking communities outside Vietnam, including Australia, such as the development of new vocabulary, for example, phong cách/thời trang Hàn quốc, truyện tranh Nhật Bản, nhạc RIB/hiphop

  VCVIU033 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIC167

  Reflect on how and why being a learner of Vietnamese contributes to their sense of identity

  Elaborations

  • discussing how being bilingual allows them to present ‘self’ to others in particular ways, recognising that identity includes culture as well as language
  • reflecting on the role of language in expressing identity, considering when, with whom and why different languages are used and reflecting on whether their own identity changes when they use different languages
  • explaining to others how the Vietnamese language is part of their identity, and reflecting on when, how and why they use Vietnamese
  • sharing views of what their understanding of Vietnamese culture ‘is’, and how it relates to language, identity and experience, using statements such as ‘My culture is …’, ‘Culture can …’

  VCVIC167 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIU117

  Recognise the sounds and tones of spoken Vietnamese, and notice how they are represented in words and symbols

  Elaborations

  • identifying the 29 letters of the Vietnamese alphabet by their names and sounds as well as the five tone markers
  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and rhythms, focusing on letters that are similar in the English alphabet but produce different sounds in Vietnamese, for example, e and i, d and đ
  • developing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating words and phrases
  • noticing that Vietnamese is a tonal language, and that pitch changes affect the meaning of words
  • understanding that although Vietnamese and English use the same alphabet there are additional symbols/markers that create more letters in Vietnamese
  • developing familiarity with similarities and differences in Vietnamese sound–letter correspondence, such as a, ă, â; e, ê; o, ô, ơ; u, ư; as well as c and k, i and y, s and x, and ch and tr
  • noticing that the same word with different tone markers has different meanings, for example, ma, mà, má, mả, mã and mạ
  • exploring Vietnamese spelling strategies such as grouping words according to initial letters that represent particular sounds, for example, h (hoa hồng, hát, học) or m (mẹ, má, mèo)
  • using single and consonant clusters, vowels and vowel clusters with tone markers to form and spell words, for example, ta, la, tha, nga
  • recognising and using lower and upper case letters

  VCVIU117 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIC025

  Translate and interpret texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, compare different versions of translations, explore differences and identify strategies to overcome challenges in translation

  Elaborations

  • explaining the terms used to describe common features of schooling in Vietnam, for example, terms related to the curriculum or to assessment and reporting, such as chương trình, sách giáo khoa, bài kiểm tra, học bạ, bằng cấp, and comparing these with similar terms used for Australian schooling
  • translating simple school documents into Vietnamese, considering language choices and cultural expressions to suit a particular audience, such as Vietnamese parents
  • translating and interpreting short texts, such as announcements, advertisements, articles, reports, or extracts from stories or films, considering audience and context, and reflecting on how cultural elements are encoded in common words and expressions, for example, use of family terms, titles, and terms of address such as anh, chị, cô, chú, tôi and em
  • interpreting and translating a range of texts from English into Vietnamese and vice versa, using and evaluating translation resources such as web-based translation tools and print and digital dictionaries
  • comparing and discussing various translations (including print and electronic translations, own and peers’ translation work) of common words, phrases, expressions and texts, explaining the reasons for possible differences and similarities, selecting the most appropriate version and negotiating any necessary adjustment
  • identifying and applying translation strategies used in bilingual texts to manage the translation of difficult words and concepts or instances of non-equivalence, for example, expanding descriptions or explanations, providing examples to assist meaning, or connecting to context to identify the appropriate meaning if a word can have different meanings or interpretations, for example, cà phê đậm (‘strong coffee’) but người khỏe mạnh (‘a strong person’); thời tiết nóng nực (‘hot weather’), vấn đề gây tranh cãi (‘a hot issue’) and khu vực nguy hiểm (‘a hot zone’)
  • examining and interpreting idiomatic expressions, for example, đẻ bọc điều, có chí thì nên, dạy con từ thuở còn thơ, including expressions that cannot be translated literally and culturally specific terms such as chữ hiếu, tôn sư trọng đạo, and discussing possible equivalent terms in English

  VCVIC025 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIU151

  Recognise and apply features of intonation and pronunciation and writing conventions used in different types of texts and contexts

  Elaborations

  • applying basic pronunciation rules, including adding or changing tone markers, initial consonants or vowels to form new words, for example, buổi, cuối, đuổi, tuổi, chuối
  • understanding and reproducing Vietnamese words with different tone markers, and understanding that pitch changes affect the meaning of a word, for example, thương, thường, thưởng, thượng
  • understanding the variability of sound–letter matches and distinguishing between similar sounds such as ch and tr, s and x (chai/trai or song/xong)
  • exploring Vietnamese sounds such as heterographs, for example, giai and dai, dây and giây, and homonyms, for example, bàn (bàn bạc) or bàn (cái bàn)
  • analysing Vietnamese pronunciation and intonation, for example, Anh ăn trưa chưa? Anh chưa ăn trưa? and Anh chưa ăn trưa
  • applying Vietnamese spelling rules, for example, k, gh and ngh only go with i, e, and ê (kiến, kẻ, kể, ghi, ghe, ghế, nghỉ, nghe, nghệ)
  • comparing Vietnamese words that end with i and y, and identifying words that are commonly misspelled, such as tai and tay, mai and may, ngài and ngày
  • using appropriate punctuation in writing, including commas, full stops, question marks, semicolons, colons, inverted commas and exclamation marks

  VCVIU151 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIC130

  Translate and interpret words and expressions in simple Vietnamese and English texts, noticing similarities and differences or non-equivalence of words and expressions

  Elaborations

  • identifying words and expressions in Vietnamese and English that do not readily translate, for example, phở, bánh chưng, áo dài, ‘bushwalking’, ‘the outback’
  • examining texts, including digital and multimodal texts, to identify how the meaning of words changes according to context, for example, a common Vietnamese homonym such as đá, which may mean ‘to kick’, ‘stone’ or ‘ice’ (as in trà đá); or the personal pronouns ‘I’ and ‘you’ in English, which can be translated as ông, bà, cô, chú, anh, chị, em, con or cháu in Vietnamese
  • noticing the diverse ways in which meaning is conveyed in Vietnamese and English, and differentiating between word-by-word translation and intended meaning, for example, Chúc (ông bà) sống lâu trăm tuổi (‘I wish you long life’) and Chúc cháu bé ngoan ăn, chóng lớn (‘I hope the baby eats well and grows fast’)
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts from Vietnamese into English, for example, street signs, addresses and food labels, noting that some signs or symbols are universal, for example, the ‘Stop’ and ‘Peace’ signs, and the wi-fi and Olympic symbols

  VCVIC130 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIC008

  Translate and interpret short texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, identifying aspects that are similar or different and words or phrases that translate easily or with difficulty

  Elaborations

  • translating information collaboratively and with teacher support, for example, menus, school timetables, directions, and school and public signs or notices, and recognising and explaining similarities and differences in language structures, for example, ga xe lửa/‘train station’, Ngày Làm Sạch Nước Úc/‘Clean Up Australia Day’, quẹo trái/‘turn left’, đi thẳng phía trước/‘go straight ahead’, Em không thích cái nón này, phải không? - Dạ, em không thích or Không, em thích mà/‘You don’t like this hat, do you?’ – ‘No, I don’t’ or ‘Yes, I do’
  • identifying words or phrases that are difficult to translate, for example, food items (bánh chưng, bánh tét, bánh xèo, phở) or traditional customs (cúng ông bà, xin xăm, coi ngày, coi tuổi), and explaining reasons for difficulty, such as lack of equivalent concepts or practices in either language
  • recognising changes required to sentence structure or word use in English–Vietnamese translation, for example, ‘This lesson is too hard to understand’ = Bài học này khó quá, tôi không hiểu được; ‘I can’t help laughing’ = Tôi không thể nhịn cười được
  • learning to use bilingual dictionaries and electronic translation tools, and identifying issues such as multiple meanings of words and the need to consider context or grammatical aspects to select relevant meaning, for example, giấy khen (‘merit certificate’) and hôn thú (‘marriage certificate’); chảy nước mắt (‘to shed tears’) but Hãy xé tờ giấy này đi! (‘Tear this paper off!’); Tôi biết chơi khúc côn cầu (‘I can play cricket’) and Tôi thấy một con dế trong vườn (‘I have seen a cricket in the garden’)

  VCVIC008 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIU135

  Develop knowledge of nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs to describe actions, people and objects, and express possession

  Elaborations

  • exploring different types of nouns such as common nouns (bàn, tủ, mèo, chó), proper nouns (Hoa, Hải, Việt Nam), single nouns (gà, bò, bàn), and compound nouns (đất nước, nhà trường, học sinh)
  • expressing possessive cases by using của + noun/pronoun, for example, con mèo/cái bàn/căn phòng của tôi, cây thước/cái áo của bạn, and noticing cases when của can be omitted, for example, ba tôi, mẹ tôi, bạn tôi, nhà tôi, phòng ba mẹ tôi
  • creating plural forms of nouns by adding another word in front of the stem word according to context, for example, hai cái áo, những cái áo, nhà nhà, người người
  • understanding how time expressions are formed through the use of đang, đã, rồi, sẽ or hôm qua, ngày mai, for example, Tôi đang ăn. Tôi đã sống ở đây hai năm. Tôi ăn rồi. Ngày mai tôi (sẽ) đi coi phim
  • using adverbs to modify actions, for example, chạy nhanh, đi chậm, học giỏi, hát hay
  • experimenting with the use of prepositions (trên, dưới, trong ngoài, ở giữa), for example, Con chim bay trên trời means ‘The bird flies in the sky’, rather than the literal translation, ‘The bird flies above the sky’
  • understanding and applying appropriate word order in sentences, for example, recognising that adjectives follow nouns (áo trắng), and experimenting with word order to see how meaning changes, for example, Lan hay hát ≠ Lan hát hay
  • creating affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences, including closed and open-ended questions, for example, Tôi thích ăn cơm. Ba mẹ không thích tôi coi phim nhiều. Bạn thích ăn cơm không? Bạn thích ăn món gì? Tạo sao mình phải uống nước nhiều?
  • noticing that interrogatives (khi nào, ở đâu, bao nhiêu) can be placed at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of questions, for example, Khi nào em đến? or Em đến khi nào?; Bao nhiêu tiền một nải chuối? or Một nải chuối giá bao nhiêu tiền?

  VCVIU135 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Languages | Vietnamese: Structure

  Sequences of learning

  The Vietnamese curriculum recognises that there are different entry points into language learning across F–10, which reflects current language teaching practice.

  There are two possible learning sequences:

  • F–10 sequence for students who begin to learn the language...

  Overview material | Vietnamese

• VCVIC132

  Reflect on their experiences when interacting in English and Vietnamese, identifying differences in language use and behaviours

  Elaborations

  • comparing their interactions in Vietnamese and English, noticing different behaviours and language used, for example, using appropriate personal pronouns and adding the sound ơi after the names of family members and friends to attract the person’s attention or show affection (Mẹ ơi, Hoa ơi), compared with addressing friends in English by their first name (Chị ơi, ra đây chơi với em/Lan)
  • describing elements of Vietnamese language that are different to English, including pronunciation, gestures and facial expressions, and sharing what they find difficult or awkward when using each language
  • developing language for describing experiences of intercultural exchange in different contexts, for example, Tôi thích nói tiếng Việt ở nhà hơn ở trường

  VCVIC132 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students become familiar with how the sounds and tones of the Vietnamese language are represented in words and symbols. They practise pronunciation through activities such as singing Vietnamese folk songs (đồng dao, ca dao), and experiment with sounds, single vowels, consonants, syllables, simple...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students use Vietnamese to interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and experiences relating to themselves, their family and friends. They use formulaic expressions to participate in simple transactional exchanges and collaborative activities, and to seek...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• VCVIC004

  Identify and use information such as topic, main ideas and specific points in a range of spoken, written, visual, digital and multimodal texts

  Elaborations

  • reading, viewing and listening to short texts, such as signs, captions, notices, posters, brochures or conversations, and identifying their context, topic, main ideas, audience and purpose
  • locating, classifying and summarising information from a range of sources, such as notices, results of class surveys, announcements and reports, and using memory tools such as tables, charts and concept maps to organise and sequence information
  • collating information from sources such as class surveys, online forums or blog posts
  • gathering information about aspects of Vietnam, such as weather, vegetation, wildlife, foods and drinks, lifestyles, tourist attractions or historical/cultural events, and using the information in new ways, for example, viewing an online map of a local venue and writing directions for visitors
  • comparing details from a range of texts about special occasions and ceremonies, and discussing culture-specific terms and representations
  • researching aspects of Vietnamese culture, history and natural environment, for example, religious beliefs and cultural practices such as đạo Phật, đạo Thiên Chúa, đi chùa, đi nhà thờ, cúng ông bà, cúng giao thừa, tourist attractions such as vịnh Hạ Long, phố cổ Hội An, or prominent historical figures such as Hưng Đạo Vương or Vua Quang Trung, by gathering information from texts and from exchanges with Vietnamese peers and adults

  VCVIC004 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing