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• VCJAU143

  Recognise that Japanese is the official language of Japan and one of the major languages of the Asia-Pacific region

  Elaborations

  • understanding the status of Japanese as the official language of Japan, a major language in the Asia-Pacific region, a world language and an Australian community language
  • understanding that there is a standardised form of Japanese, and that different dialects are spoken in different regions of Japan
  • comparing the language profile of Japan with the multilingual nature of Australian society, which includes speakers of Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages, Asian languages and world languages

  VCJAU143 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU132

  Recognise that Korean is one of many languages spoken in multicultural Australia and in the world

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the world contains many different languages spoken by many different communities of speakers and that most people in the world speak more than one language
  • naming languages they have encountered in their everyday life, such as the languages of their neighbours or classmates
  • exploring the range of languages spoken in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages, Asian languages and world languages

  VCKOU132 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLVU189

  Discuss variations in language use that reflect different social and cultural contexts, purposes and relationships

  Elaborations

  • understanding how elements of communication in Aboriginal languages languages, such as gestures, facial expressions, choice of language and use of silence, vary according to context, situation and kin relationships, for example, eye contact, pointing with lips
  • analysing and discussing intergenerational differences in language use, for example, young people’s language compared to the language of older generations
  • explaining variations in language use that reflect different levels of formality, authority and status, for example, expressions used with respected kin, ways of asking questions of different people

  VCLVU189 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLVU167

  Understand that speakers vary language forms according to kin relationship and context of situation

  Elaborations

  • observing how language is used to establish, maintain and reflect kin-based relationships
  • noticing word taboo in Aboriginal languages
  • observing that expressions can be made more or less formal or casual to suit the relationship between speakers
  • reflecting on how they communicate with their own family and friends and with people less close to them, noticing differences in language use and communicative behaviour

  VCLVU167 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLVU188

  Investigate how the kinship system functions to integrate personal and community histories and relationships

  Elaborations

  • understanding and discussing kinship as a system, and explaining its importance in maintaining and regulating social relationships in Aboriginal communities
  • investigating how the language community addresses gaps in knowledge about the kinship system
  • exploring how language is involved in the patterning of ownership and management of land and associated stories
  • understanding that different roles and responsibilities in community and public life can be determined by kinship and traditional social groupings
  • explaining how art forms, songs and dances identify people and places

  VCLVU188 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU148

  Understand that language belongs to communities, and that language learning requires the application of respectful and appropriate behaviour

  Elaborations

  • understanding that each Aboriginal language is recognised as belonging to a group of people who are the language owners or custodians
  • demonstrating and applying respectful and appropriate behaviours, including appropriate language forms, in the presence of visiting respected community members and during visits to important sites
  • understanding the purpose of Welcomes to Country/Acknowledgements of Country, and talking about their experiences of participating in Welcomes and Acknowledgements, for example, at school, sporting events, festivities

  VCLVU148 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VC2M9P03

  design and conduct repeated chance experiments and simulations using digital tools to estimate probabilities that cannot be determined exactly

  Elaborations

  • using digital tools to conduct probability simulations that demonstrate the relationship between the probability of compound events and the individual probabilities
  • comparing experiments that differ only by being undertaken with replacement or without replacement
  • conducting two-step chance experiments using systematic methods to list outcomes of experiments and to list outcomes favourable to an event
  • using repeated trials of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children’s instructive games, for example, Gorri from all parts of Australia, to calculate the probabilities of winning and not winning 

  VC2M9P03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Probability

• VC2M8ST02

  analyse and report on the distribution of data from primary and secondary sources using random and non-random sampling techniques

  Elaborations

  • investigating different methods of sampling used to collect data, considering the source and size of samples
  • comparing the sampling methods of simple random, systematic, stratified, quota, clustered or convenience, or judgement, and discussing the reliability of conclusions about the context that could be drawn
  • defining and distinguishing between probabilistic terms such as ‘random’, ‘sample space’, ‘sample’ and ‘sample distribution’
  • investigating primary and secondary data sources relating to reconciliation between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and non-Indigenous Australians, analysing and reporting on findings

  VC2M8ST02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Statistics

• VC2M9ST02

  analyse how different sampling methods, and different samples using the same method, can affect the results of surveys and how choice of representation can be used to support a particular point of view

  Elaborations

  • investigating and analysing different visualisations of data such as infographics found in the media and commenting on the strengths, weaknesses and possible biases of particular examples
  • discussing the impact of decreased landline usage or an increased aversion to answering calls from unknown numbers on survey data 
  • exploring potential cultural bias relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples by critically analysing sampling techniques in statistical reports 

  VC2M9ST02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Statistics

• VC2M8ST04

  plan and conduct statistical investigations involving samples of a population; use ethical and fair methods to make inferences about the population and report findings, acknowledging uncertainty

  Elaborations

  • using data such as electricity consumption to draw conclusions about the impacts of events, such as pandemics, on households or business
  • identifying situations where the collection of data from a sample is necessary due to efficiency, cost or restricted time for collection of data, and is sufficiently reliable for making inferences about a population
  • exploring progress in reconciliation between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and non-Indigenous Australians, investigating and evaluating sampling techniques and methods to gather relevant data to measure progress

  VC2M8ST04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Statistics

• VCNRU017

  Recognise that the languages people use reflect their culture, such as who they are, where and how they live, and find examples of similarities and differences between the language being studied and their own ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, considering different lifestyles and symbols such as flags, including the Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islander flag
  • exploring the significance of different cultural practices, activities and games
  • recognising words that reflect aspects of the culture of the language
  • understanding that particular Australian English terms and expressions have no equivalent in the language, for example, billabong, corroboree, the bush
  • recognising features of the target language interactions which may be similar or different to own ways of communicating

  VCNRU017 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCSSU093

  Interactions between organisms can be described in terms of food chains and food webs and can be affected by human activity

  Elaborations

  • constructing and interpreting food chains and food webs to show relationships between organisms in an environment
  • recognising the role of microorganisms within food chains and food webs
  • researching examples of human impacts on specific ecosystems, for example, the use of fire by traditional Aboriginal people, the effects of palm oil harvesting, deforestation, agricultural practices or the introduction of new species

  VCSSU093 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCHHK059

  Differences in family structures of families and the role of family groups today, and what they have in common and how these have changed or remained the same over time

  Elaborations

  • considering a range of family structures, for example nuclear families, only child families, large families, single parent families, extended families, blended families, adoptive parent families and grandparent families, as well as kinship groups, tribes and villages
  • using images and stories to identify similarities and differences between students' families and those of other children, in their class and in stories about children in other places, for example, the countries of Asia
  • comparing families in the present with those from the recent past (the families of parents and grandparents) in terms of their size and structure, for example, the different types of family such as nuclear, single parent, blended
  • exploring family structures of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, for example, where children belong to extended families in which there are specific roles and responsibilities to ensure safety and wellbeing
  • discussing kinship as an significant part of relationships and family structures in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander societies, for example, the extent of a kinship system and the way in which it influences people's relationships, obligations and behaviour towards each other
  • examining and commenting on the roles of family members over time, for example, listening to stories about the roles of mothers, fathers, caregivers and children in the past, and comparing these with family roles today, such as work outside the home, washing, cooking, cleaning, gardening, child care

  VCHHK059 | The Humanities | History | Foundation to Level 2 | Historical Knowledge | Personal histories

• VC2M1A02

  recognise, continue and create repeating patterns with numbers, symbols, shapes and objects, identifying the repeating unit and recognising the importance of repetition in solving problems

  Elaborations

  • interpreting a repeating pattern sequence created by someone else, noticing and describing the repeating part of the pattern and explaining how they know what comes next in the sequence
  • generalising a repeating pattern by identifying the unit of repeat and representing the elements using numbers, letters or symbols; for example, representing the repeating pattern of stamp, stamp, clap, stamp, clap, pause, stamp, stamp, clap, stamp, clap as SSCSC SSCSC …, recognising the elements that are repeating, describing the unit of repeat as SSCSC and continuing the pattern
  • recognising within the sequencing of natural numbers that 0–9 digits are repeated both in and between the decades and using this pattern to continue the sequence and name two-digit numbers beyond 20
  • identifying the repeating patterns in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander systems of counting, exploring different ways of representing numbers including oral and gestural language
  • considering how the making of shell or seed necklaces by Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples includes practices such as sorting shells and beads based on colour, size and shape, and creating a repeating pattern sequence

  VC2M1A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 1 | Algebra

• VC2M8M07

  use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving ratios and rates, including distance-time problems for travel at a constant speed and financial contexts; formulate problems; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation, reviewing the appropriateness of the model

  Elaborations

  • modelling simple motion problems, finding one of distance travelled, time taken or average speed, given the other 2 quantities
  • modelling and solving problems related to situations such as scales on maps and plans, the mixing of chemicals or ingredients, or calculating magnification factors applying relevant ratios and proportions
  • modelling problems involving converting money amounts using different exchange rates and applying them when planning and budgeting for overseas travel
  • modelling situations involving financial contexts (for example, income tax, using taxation rates on annual income, comparing different taxation brackets and rates of pay) or comparing the benefits of different phone plans using different call rates and associated fees to determine the best plan
  • modelling situations involving the use of ratios in radiocarbon dating methods, including the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 isotopes in organisms, to measure dates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ habitation on the Australian continent
  • modelling situations involving ratio and its application in the making of string and cordage by Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples, including the ratio of length to the mass of a rope, the strength of the ply in proportion to a rope’s pulling force, and the proportion of fibre for the length of string required

  VC2M8M07 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Measurement

• VC2M1M01

  compare directly and indirectly and order objects and events using attributes of length, mass, capacity and duration, communicating reasoning

  Elaborations

  • using a piece of string to indirectly compare the length of several objects, deciding which will fit within a space, and using comparative language to describe the order (shortest, short, longer, longest)
  • ordering the mass of 3 or more objects, such as rocks, using hefting and balance scales, and using comparative language to explain the order (lightest, light, heavier, heaviest) and how they decided on the order
  • pouring sand, rice or water from one container to another to compare and order the capacity of 3 or more containers, and describing the order of the results in terms of which holds the most/least and those in between
  • creating sand timers from everyday items or recycled materials and comparing them to order the duration of time required for the sand to run through
  • investigating situations where Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples estimate, compare and communicate measurements, for example, situations involving the duration of seasons, understanding animal behaviour using the length of animal tracks, or investigating capacity through Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander water management techniques, such as traditional water-carrying vessels and rock holes

  VC2M1M01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 1 | Measurement

• VC2M8M05

  recognise and use rates to solve problems involving the comparison of 2 related quantities of different units of measure

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of rates in the real world, including constant rates, rate of pay, cost per kilogram, recipes, simple interest and average rates
  • applying rates to solve problems involving the conversion between different units of measure; for example, using a conversion rate to convert distances from miles to kilometres, or using currency exchange rates to determine the price of items
  • applying rates to calculate solutions to problems in different contexts, for example, required run rates in cricket, dilution of concentrated chemicals and comparing the petrol consumption rates of different vehicles
  • using taxation tables to calculate an individual's annual income tax
  • investigating the application of rates in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ land management practices, including the rate of fire spread under different environmental conditions such as fuel types, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity; the conservation of water by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples by estimating rates of water evaporation based on surface area and climatic conditions

  VC2M8M05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Measurement

• VCADAR038

  Analyse how choreographers use elements of dance and production elements to communicate intent

  Elaborations

  • deconstructing sections of a dance, for example identifying and describing recurring movement/s within sequences or the use of the elements of dance and production elements in a contemporary dance choreographed by an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander
  • identifying and interpreting how interrelating elements, choreographic devices such as variation, contrast and transition and forms are used to communicate intent.
  • presenting an informed opinion about a dance performance using descriptive, style-specific terminology, for example, identifying philosophical, ideological or political perspectives presented in the dance and considering how these perspectives affect the audience’s interpretation
  • accessing and researching choreographers’ works through real or virtual performances to research choreographers’ intentions

  VCADAR038 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Respond and Interpret

• VCADRE041

  Manipulate combinations of the elements of drama to develop and convey the physical and psychological aspects of roles and characters consistent with intentions in dramatic forms and performance styles

  Elaborations

  • analyse and create performance highlighting subtext, dramatic tension, atmosphere and mood based on the story, setting, dialogue and stage directions
  • apply the conventions of character in particular forms and performance styles, using research to develop understanding of the conventions and refining use of relevant techniques
  • using questions to build an understanding of ways context can influence creative choices, for example, how does the drama relate to the social context in which it was created? What culturally symbolic movements are evident in this drama? What historical influences might be evident in contemporary drama created by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples? How are global trends in drama influencing Australian drama?

  VCADRE041 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCAMAP037

  Present media artworks within different community and institutional contexts for different audiences, with consideration of ethical and regulatory issues

  Elaborations

  • promoting a school event through different media and online formats, making decisions about time, technological processes, ethical and economic constraints
  • uploading a media artwork designed to engage a specific audience, using appropriate rights and permissions, for example, distributing a music video they have made online
  • justifying their choices for distribution of media artworks for a particular audience
  • understanding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural protocols for using images of people appropriately
  • understanding the different institutional contexts when presenting media artworks to specific audiences, for example, the differences between the private sector and the public sector television programming

  VCAMAP037 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Present and Perform