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• VCESC172

  Reflect on intercultural communication, commenting on perceived similarities and differences in language used and on aspects of culture

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on experiences of authentic or virtual interaction in Spanish, for example, face-to-face interactions with community members through an excursion, or web-chatting, ePal or social networking, identifying moments of enjoyment, discomfort and successful intercultural communication
  • keeping a journal of experiences (humorous, satisfying or challenging) associated with learning and using Spanish, noting personal reactions and reflections over time
  • comparing own and others’ experiences of successful intercultural communication, identifying elements that required flexibility and cultural understanding, for example, responding to different ways of expressing feelings, levels of directness or culturally determined perspectives
  • noticing the impact of own assumptions when engaging with Spanish-language texts and experiences, and considering what assumptions Spanish speakers might hold about Australian people and associated cultural behaviours
  • finding examples of how language reflects cultural concepts and values across the Spanish-speaking world, for example, religious references in sayings such as Al que madruga Dios le ayuda, Bendito sea … Adiós, or changes to language forms that reflect changes in social values, such as the adoption of some feminine forms of professional titles (La doctora/el doctor, la abogada/el abogado, la jefa/el jefe)

  VCESC172 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAC146

  Collaborate with peers to plan and conduct shared events or activities such as teaching and working with a buddy class, organising a shared event, or rehearsing and presenting a school performance

  Elaborations

  • planning and organising activities such as a class event, visit or performance, using language related to place, people, time and numbers and creating promotional materials, for example, たいこ　の　えんそう、木(もく)よう日(び)、十一時、たいいくかん
  • creating a skit, performance or action game to introduce a buddy class to aspects of Japanese language and culture, for example, introducing hiragana, individual words or expressions, or behaviours such as bowing appropriately or receiving a gift
  • participating in simulated transactions such as purchasing goods or ordering food, using appropriate gestures, formulaic expressions and relevant question–answer exchanges such as いらっしゃいませ。これ　を　ください 。いくら　です　か 。3000 円　です。はい、どうぞ。
  • becoming familiar with the value of Japanese yen by carrying out real or simulated transactions and exchanges
  • budgeting for virtual shopping expeditions, for example, by consulting online catalogues and menus, comparing prices and values, and discussing intended purchases, using formulaic expressions such as ちょっと 高(たか)い　です。でも、おいしそう　です。

  VCJAC146 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCKOC196

  Review and respond to different types of creative texts in different modes, identifying aspects of the language and culture that help to create effects such as emotion

  Elaborations

  • listening to, reading and viewing imaginative texts such as short stories, films, poetry, raps and songs, and:
    • identifying emotional aspects of the texts that are specific to Korean language and culture, for example, the use of expressive language and the description of animals
    • critically reflecting on and sharing own responses with others
  • reading texts including those in digital and online modes such as extracts from a biography or diary for enjoyment and to gain insights into other people’s experiences and perspectives
  • modifying existing texts, for example, creating an alternative ending, introducing a new character, changing the setting or adding a major event, or providing a video clip to accompany and reinforce the meaning expressed in lyrics
  • creating texts to parody existing texts and to explore a range of genres, for example, re-creating a music clip or advertisement
  • identifying and responding to key messages and values in traditional texts such as 민요, (for example, 아리랑, 강강술래), 설화 (for example, 심청전, 흥부전) or dialogues in 탈춤, and considering their relevance in modern times
  • discussing how texts such as films, plays and songs portray social issues (such as conflict in relationships or poverty) and values (such as honesty and humility)

  VCKOC196 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC197

  Interact with and express opinions on a range of imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • viewing segments of texts such as popular music videos in Chinese from various sources of media, such as Pop Asia on SBS, and expressing personal opinions, for example, 我觉得…很有意思
  • comparing stories and characters in Chinese and Australian popular media and identifying the themes and topics that interest young people from different cultural backgrounds, for example, 澳大利亚的年轻人也很喜欢看动作片
  • reading short texts such as comics and cartoons, and identifying words, phrases and expressions the author has used to capture characters’ emotions and reactions, for example, euphemistic phrases such as 真的吗？真倒霉！哎呀！
  • reading extracts from culturally significant Chinese children’s literature, discussing their personal responses to the characters and storyline, and relating the story to personal experience or expressing empathy for characters
  • reading jokes or cartoons in Chinese, discussing how humour is conveyed through words and the presentation of ideas, and comparing with humour in English, discussing whether ‘entertainment’ means the same thing in different languages and cultures
  • reading children’s literature, including fables and traditional stories, exploring values and morals such as the concept of 寓意 in 动画片，小人书, and comparing values and morals conveyed through texts across cultures, for example, 凿壁偷光，塞翁失马 （你能找到英语中类似的说法吗？ 你觉得这个故事的寓意在澳大利亚有意义吗？）

  VCZHC197 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• German - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students share information about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, friends, interests, likes, dislikes and preferences. They interact with others to carry out transactions, participate in class routines and socialise. They use modelled language and...

  Level description | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Japanese - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students interact with one another and the teacher in classroom routines and activities, exchanging greetings, wishes and information about their personal and social worlds. They use gestures and formulaic expressions appropriately, for example, おくれて すみません。しつれいします。 They...

  Level description | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• VCARU185

  Analyse and explain how variations in Arabic language use relate to roles, relationships and the context of interactions, and consider how and why these would differ from interactions in English or other languages represented in the classroom

  Elaborations

  • investigating the nature and use of the Arabic language in different contexts of interaction, for example, by asking Arabic-speaking students in Australia when, with whom and for what purpose they use Arabic or English, and reflecting on similarities and differences in interactions in both languages
  • reflecting on how various Arabic speakers’ views on social or cultural roles and relationships are reflected in texts such as traditional sayings, idioms, proverbs, poetry and song lyrics
  • comparing a variety of texts relating to interactions in different Arabic-speaking regions, and analysing how aspects of the language used in varying social contexts reflect certain values and world views

  VCARU185 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCARU119

  Understand that the languages people use and the way they use them relate to who they are, where and how they live and what is important to them

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, and understanding that it involves visible elements, such as ways of eating and behaving, and invisible elements, such as how people live, what they value and how they think of themselves and others
  • recognising similarities and differences between naming systems across languages represented in the classroom, and noticing that Arabic-speaking students may have names derived from other cultures and languages
  • understanding that some Australian-English terms and expressions have no equivalent in Arabic, for example, ‘billabong’ or ‘the bush’, and that terms such as ‘the movies’, ‘footy’ and ‘backyard’ reflect aspects of culture in the Australian context

  VCARU119 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELC159

  Engage with and respond to imaginative texts, describing and expressing thoughts and opinions about key ideas, characters, places and events

  Elaborations

  • expressing personal opinions about ideas in Greek imaginative texts in various modes such as myths, legends, stories, film excerpts, paintings, songs or video clips
  • identifying key messages and beliefs from Greek texts and comparing them with the knowledge, cultural values and belief systems in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stories
  • responding to imaginative texts, comparing ways in which people, places and experiences are represented, for example, the goddess Athena, Poseidon or characters in modern fiction
  • stating personal preferences about characters, attitudes and events in texts for example, Pandora’s box, Aesop’s fable ‘The Fox and the Grapes’

  VCELC159 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELT435

  Interpret and compare how representations of people and culture in literary texts are drawn from different historical, social and cultural contexts

  Elaborations

  • exploring and reflecting on representations of values (for example love, freedom, integrity) in literature drawn from cultures and times different from their own
  • exploring and reflecting on personal understanding of the world and human experience, interpreted in literature drawn from cultures and times different from the students’ own
  • reviewing historical fiction or nonfiction written by and about the peoples of Asia
  • analysing literary texts created by and about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (including documentaries, picture books, print texts and other multimodal texts) and also texts including film produced by and about peoples of Asian background, and considering the different ways these texts represent people, places, things and issues

  VCELT435 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Literature

• VCELU017

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with Greek language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture in Greek language and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions, such as references to saints’ days
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication and the sustainability of communities
  • examining culturally specific terms and phrases, such as η παρέα , το κέφι, Στην υγειά σου, Με γεια, Γεια στα χέρια σου/σας, developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCELU017 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELY466

  Analyse and evaluate how people, cultures, places, events, objects and concepts are represented in texts, including media texts, through language, structural and/or visual choices

  Elaborations

  • considering ethical positions across more than one culture as represented in text and consider the similarities and differences
  • questioning the representation of stereotypes of people, cultures, places, events and concepts, and expressing views on the appropriateness of these representations
  • identifying and explaining satirical events, including events in other cultures, for example depictions in political cartoons
  • identifying and evaluating poetic, lyrical language in the depiction of people, culture, places, events, things and concepts in texts
  • analysing the ways socio-cultural values, attitudes and beliefs are presented in texts by comparing the ways news is reported in commercial media and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander media

  VCELY466 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCESU162

  Reflect on own language use at home, at school and in the community, considering how this may be interpreted by young Spanish speakers

  Elaborations

  • describing own/one another’s ways of communicating, identifying aspects that may reflect Australian traditions, values and practices
  • choosing words or expressions commonly used in informal Australian interactions, and deciding how to interpret or explain them to young Spanish speakers, for example, ‘mate’, ‘fair dinkum’
  • noticing similarities and differences between own ways of communicating and aspects observed in interactions between young Spanish speakers in different contexts and situations, for example, the expression of politeness or turn-taking in conversations
  • identifying things they take for granted about communication in familiar cultural contexts, for example, shared understanding of gestures and tones of voice
  • noticing culturally appropriate ways of offering praise, recognition, gratitude or encouragement

  VCESU162 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCESU126

  Notice some differences and similarities in cultural practices between Spanish speakers and Australian-English speakers

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of culture: how it involves visible elements, such as ways of eating, or symbols such as flags, and invisible elements, such as how people live, what they value, and how they think about themselves and others
  • noticing similarities and differences between naming systems across languages and cultures represented in the classroom, for example, the use of diminutives, nicknames, surnames and ways of referring to family members (Juancito, Paquito; Nacho, Paco; Lola García Martínez; mi yayo/a, tato/a)
  • noticing expressions and terms in Australian English that reflect Australian lifestyles and cultures, such as terms associated with food, the land, sports and leisure activities, for example, ‘backyard’ or ‘footy’

  VCESU126 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCFRC064

  Reflect on cultural differences between French and English communicative styles and on how these affect intercultural interactions

  Elaborations

  • noticing cultural cues that suggest differences in traditions, ideas or values when interacting with French speakers or resources, for example, ways of expressing feelings, or politeness protocols associated with social events
  • discussing elements of successful intercultural communication when using French or other languages, for example, awareness of differences, flexibility, and respect for other perspectives and traditions
  • interacting with young French-speakers who are learning English, comparing views on cultural aspects of communication and discussing individual challenges and gains
  • identifying gestures, intonation patterns and facial expressions that are different in French, and explaining how some could be adopted in other-language contexts or situations
  • reflecting on own ways of communicating and behaving and how these may be interpreted by French speakers

  VCFRC064 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCKOU152

  Compare and reflect on different ways of using language in everyday situations in Korean, Australian and other cultures, sharing ideas about possible reasons for the differences and variations

  Elaborations

  • recognising the importance of politeness explicitly expressed in Korean and comparing this with English, for example, 만나서 반가워요 versus ‘Nice to meet you’
  • understanding that language carries information about the people who use it and that common expressions often reflect cultural values important to that language community
  • reflecting on individual words which may be interpreted differently by people who do not know Korean culture, for example, 우리 집, 우리 선생님
  • identifying non-verbal expressions that are typical or expected in communication in different cultures, for example, eye contact, bowing, nodding, pointing

  VCKOU152 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCKOU133

  Understand that ways people use language reflect their culture, such as where and how they live and what is important to them, finding examples of similarities and differences between Korean and Australian ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • comparing gestures and body language associated with language use in different cultures, for example, bowing and saying 안녕하세요? when greeting in Korean, different ways of kissing on the cheek saying ‘hi’ in English-speaking cultures including Australia and pressing noses (that is, hongi) and saying ‘kia-ora’ when greeting in Maori
  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’ and how it involves visible elements, for example, ways of eating or symbols such as flags, and invisible elements, for example, how people live, what they value, and how they think about themselves and others

  VCKOU133 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VC2M7A04

  investigate, interpret and describe relationships between variables represented in graphs of functions developed from authentic data

  Elaborations

  • using graphs to analyse a building’s electricity or gas usage over a period of time, the value of shares on a stock market, or the temperature during a day, interpreting and discussing the relationships they represent
  • using travel graphs to compare the distance travelled to and from school, interpreting and discussing features of travel graphs such as the slope of lines and the meaning of horizontal line segments
  • telling the story behind what is being represented in graphs of functions, for example, graphs representing pouring rates or distance versus time
  • using graphs of evaporation rates to explore and discuss Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ methods of water resource management

  VC2M7A04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M7A03

  solve one-variable linear equations of increasing complexity with natural number solutions; verify equation solutions by substitution

  Elaborations

  • recognising that solving an equation is a process of determining a value that makes the equation true; and using substitution to determine whether a given number is a solution to an equation or not
  • solving equations using concrete materials, the balance model and backtracking, explaining the process
  • solving linear equations such as 3x+7=19 algebraically, and verifying the solution by substitution

  VC2M7A03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M1N03

  quantify sets of objects, to at least 120, by partitioning collections into equal groups using number knowledge and skip counting

  Elaborations

  • counting a large collection of items using groups of fives or tens and skip counting to work out how many there are, and recording the amount and connecting the digits in the number to the grouped materials when using groups of 10
  • counting collections of objects, such as pencils or images of birds in a tree, by grouping them in tens to enable efficient counting, and connecting the digits in the number to the groups of tens and ones
  • counting a large collection of Australian $1 coins by stacking them in piles of 10, skip counting in tens and including any leftover coins to determine the total value

  VC2M1N03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 1 | Number