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• VCRAU031

  Recognise that texts such as stories, games and conversations have particular features

  Elaborations

  • recognising language features typically associated with texts, for example, the use of imperatives in games and time markers in stories
  • comparing features of different text types, for example, differences in purpose or in the amount and kinds of language in a conversation and a story
  • noticing differences between written and spoken texts (for example, comparing a written story with a spoken version), or comparing how texts within the same mode can differ, for example, a birthday card and an email message

  VCRAU031 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU032

  Understand that language may vary according to age, gender and social position, such as place in the family

  Elaborations

  • noticing differences between formal and informal language, for example, greetings
  • comparing advertisements, such as for games or toys, for different age groups and genders
  • recognising appropriateness of gestures to accompany language when addressing teachers, friends or visitors to school
  • analysing how the language of texts such as invitations and greeting cards can vary depending on the occasion and the degree of closeness of the relationship between people

  VCRAU032 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCSSU058

  Different living things have different life cycles and depend on each other and the environment to survive

  Elaborations

  • making and recording observations of living things as they develop through their life cycles, for example, insects, birds, frogs and flowering plants
  • recognising that environmental factors can affect life cycles, for example, fire and seed germination
  • investigating the roles of living things in a habitat, for example, producers, consumers or decomposers
  • predicting the effects when living things in feeding relationships are removed or die out in an area

  VCSSU058 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCZHU031

  Identify the likely contexts and features of informal and formal conversations involving known participants of different ages, genders and social positions

  Elaborations

  • comparing conversations between peers/friends with conversations between teachers/authorities, for example, 你/您； 坐吧！/请坐！
  • viewing and listening to the opening of conversations in a range of situations, and finding key words participants use, noticing how these chunks of language can change depending on the situatio
  • finding examples of the openings of informal and formal conversations in Chinese films, soap operas and children’s cartoons, and practising using these openings in conversation with teachers and friends

  VCZHU031 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHU074

  Explain differences in intonation, rhythm and sounds when listening to speakers of different ages, genders and social positions

  Elaborations

  • exploring changes in neutral tone and identifying patterns to aid their own pronunciation and flow of expression, for example, the use of neutral tone for the second syllable when it repeats or does not contribute to the meaning of the first syllable (妈妈、孩子)
  • experimenting with tone changes and reflecting on the impact on fluency when speaking, for example: Can I speak more quickly? Do my words sound less forced and more natural?
  • exploring the role of emphasis, stress and rhythm in expressing subtle meanings in interactions

  VCZHU074 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Korean - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use written and spoken Korean to communicate with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They use Korean to access and exchange information on a broad range of social, cultural and environmental issues of interest to young...

  Level description | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• Vietnamese - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use written and spoken Vietnamese to interact with peers and the teacher to exchange personal information (for example, Em tên Nam. Em mười hai tuổi. Em sinh ở Úc), describe feelings (for example, Em vui/hạnh phúc) and express preferences (for example

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• VCASFU052

  Explore variation in terms of the impact of other languages on Auslan across contexts and over time

  Elaborations

  • noticing different ways that English words are borrowed into Auslan, for example, the use of fully fingerspelled words, such as D-U-E, N-O-U-N, the fingerspelling of the first letter of corresponding English words, for example TOILET, FATHER, or abbreviations of English words, for example, state names: S-A, N-S-W, V-I-C, T-A-S, and organisation names: N-A-B-S, W-A-A-D, N-S-W-A-D, D-C-S-S-A
  • creating lists of fingerspelled words which have become lexicalised, for example, HOW, BUT, ABOUT, FOR, and looking at how this process has changed the form of words over time
  • recognising that Auslan includes loan signs from Signed English, some of which were invented for Signed English (for example, TOY or DAD) and some that were from the southern dialect and incorporated into Signed English, for example, YELLOW
  • looking at style shifts in domains where English is in closer contact with Auslan, such as the use of more English-like structures in formal and educational settings
  • explaining the influence of other signed languages such as BSL, ISL and ASL on Auslan over different periods of time and discussing reasons for such influence

  VCASFU052 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU178

  Explore variation in terms of the impact of other languages on Auslan across contexts and over time

  Elaborations

  • noticing different ways that English words are borrowed into Auslan, for example, the use of fully fingerspelled words, such as D-U-E, N-O-U-N, the fingerspelling of the first letter of corresponding English words, for example TOILET, FATHER, or abbreviations of English words, for example, state names: S-A, N-S-W, V-I-C, T-A-S, and organisation names: N-A-B-S, W-A-A-D, N-S-W-A-D, D-C-S-S-A
  • creating lists of fingerspelled words which have become lexicalised, for example, #HOW, #BUT, #ABOUT or #FOR and looking at how this process has changed the form of words over time
  • recognising that Auslan includes loan signs from Signed English, some of which were invented for Signed English (for example, TOY or DAD) and some that were from the southern dialect and incorporated into Signed English, for example, YELLOW
  • looking at style shifts in domains where English is in closer contact with Auslan, such as the use of more English-like structures in formal and educational settings
  • explaining the influence of other signed languages such as BSL, ISL and ASL on Auslan over different periods of time and discussing reasons for such influence

  VCASFU178 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU228

  Identify and describe all elements of sign production, including handshape and its orientation, movement, location and non-manual features, and look at the link between signs and their referents in terms of iconicity

  Elaborations

  • realising that meaning is communicated through the use of signs, pictures, written or spoken words or miming
  • identifying a sign's handshape and its orientation, for example, COCKATOO (hs:5, palm left) and SOCCER (hs:fist)
  • identifying and demonstrating signs with a change in handshape, for example FIND or BEST
  • identifying and demonstrating signs with a change in orientation, for example CAN-NOT or HOW
  • noticing the path movement of a particular sign and identifying signs associated with the major types of path movements, for example, THROUGH (forwards) or FULL (down to up)
  • noticing the five major locations of signs on the body or in space, and identifying signs associated with each, such as SEE (head/face), SAY (mouth/chin), WHY (chest), TALK (hand) and ONE (signing space)
  • thinking of body-anchored signs, such as HEAD or WHY, and signs that are not body anchored, such as HAVE or STOP, and recognising that non-body anchored signs can be located in space around the signer
  • understanding that NMFs can also be an element of a sign and can show emotional states such as a happy expression, or grammatical information, for example, a frown to mark a negative, and identifying examples of NMFs in a text
  • noticing that in a stretch of connected signing a sign will often be produced differently to the way it is shown in a dictionary
  • distinguishing between single, double and two-handed signs, and identifying which hand is dominant and which is non-dominant in two-handed signs
  • noticing that in signed languages meaning can be expressed through whole signs or through fingerspelling
  • comparing iconic signs that provide visual images of referents, such as DRINK, ELEPHANT with English words that map to the sound images of the referents, such as animal noises, or words for sounds such as bang or woof woof
  • identifying signs with different levels of iconicity, for example, those that are fully transparent, translucent or arbitrary
  • experimenting with different methods of capturing signed languages, such as: a class-invented script, drawing pictures, videoing, English glosses or ASL-phabet

  VCASFU228 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFC199

  Interact with peers at school and contacts in the wider community to build relationships, engage in debate and to discuss aspirations or social issues

  Elaborations

  • explaining or justifying positions in discussion or debate, for example, by using space and NMFs to contrast views
  • elaborating on opinions in relation to social, community or educational matters, for example, exchanging views on a newspaper article about eugenics and deaf people
  • using researched information to contribute to formal group interactions, for example, panel discussions on issues such as the roles and responsibilities of interpreters
  • creating hypothetical situations to contextualise a discussion or debate, for example:
    PRETEND PRO2 DEAF….
    Pretend that you’re deaf …
    I-F PRO2 BOSS WILL CHANGE WHAT?
    What would you change if you were boss?
  • communicating via video calls or social media platforms using Auslan in different online contexts to build relationships and share views
  • using strategies to initiate and support discussion, for example by providing the context of a conversation to a new participant:
    PRO3 SAY…
    She was saying that …
    
  • demonstrating awareness of social sensitivities or conventions, for example by using euphemistic signs or allusions, such as TOILET, BIRTH
  • using complex sentence structures to discuss current affairs or to justify a position in relation to issues of interest to their group, for example, gender equity, conservation or social media

  VCASFC199 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCELC174

  Obtain, analyse and evaluate information and ideas from multiple spoken, written, print or digital sources on a range of issues

  Elaborations

  • gathering information from different sources and reporting to others, for example, interpreting a weather report or a map, for example, Αύριο στη Θεσσαλονίκη ο καιρός θα είναι άστατος με πιθανές βροχές, επομένως, Γιάννη, δεν θα μπορέσουμε να πάμε εκδρομή
  • extracting information, discussing gist and evaluating main ideas of texts, such as a conversation, film or music review, advertisement or article, for example, Η υπόθεση του έργου είναι ... , Ο συγγραφέας προσπαθεί να μας δείξει ..., Ο νέος δίσκος του τραγουδιστή … είναι υπέροχος …
  • analysing reports of an event from a range of sources, and comparing different perspectives, for example, statements from a victim and witnesses to a crime (Τον είδα να κλέβει τα χρήματα ... Δεν το έκανα εγώ)
  • accessing informative texts such as news reports or feature articles, noting key words, specialised terms or points of information to be used in own news report, for example, Στο αποψινό μας ρεπορτάζ, ο ανταποκριτής μας από την Πάτρα θα μας ...
  • researching aspects of Greek culture and choosing and explaining a particular course of action, for example, a suitable time to visit Greece and Cyprus, or a suitable holiday for Greek-speaking visitors to Australia,for example, designing a poster for Greek visitors to Australia, Επισκεφτείτε την πανέμορφη Αυστραλία με τις υπέροχες παραλίες της και ...

  VCELC174 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCVIC004

  Identify and use information such as topic, main ideas and specific points in a range of spoken, written, visual, digital and multimodal texts

  Elaborations

  • reading, viewing and listening to short texts, such as signs, captions, notices, posters, brochures or conversations, and identifying their context, topic, main ideas, audience and purpose
  • locating, classifying and summarising information from a range of sources, such as notices, results of class surveys, announcements and reports, and using memory tools such as tables, charts and concept maps to organise and sequence information
  • collating information from sources such as class surveys, online forums or blog posts
  • gathering information about aspects of Vietnam, such as weather, vegetation, wildlife, foods and drinks, lifestyles, tourist attractions or historical/cultural events, and using the information in new ways, for example, viewing an online map of a local venue and writing directions for visitors
  • comparing details from a range of texts about special occasions and ceremonies, and discussing culture-specific terms and representations
  • researching aspects of Vietnamese culture, history and natural environment, for example, religious beliefs and cultural practices such as đạo Phật, đạo Thiên Chúa, đi chùa, đi nhà thờ, cúng ông bà, cúng giao thừa, tourist attractions such as vịnh Hạ Long, phố cổ Hội An, or prominent historical figures such as Hưng Đạo Vương or Vua Quang Trung, by gathering information from texts and from exchanges with Vietnamese peers and adults

  VCVIC004 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCFRC077

  Convey information on selected topics, using different modes of presentation to suit different audiences or to achieve different purposes

  Elaborations

  • creating different elements for a general information evening for peers and parents on topics such as les échanges culturelles, le tabagisme or les jeunes et la lecture/les médias sociaux, combining formats such as displays, posters, performances and printed material
  • creating a web page to provide information for young job seekers in different regional and cultural contexts (for example, les stations de ski, au pair à la ferme, le travail saisonnier), using formats such as databases, charts, maps and video clips
  • designing texts pitched to specific age or interest groups, making and explaining choices in relation to vocabulary, structure, and visual and cultural elements, (for example, fashion advice for teens, tips for healthier living, local information for new migrants)
  • summarising and presenting information relating to topics or themes studied in other curriculum areas, using different modes of presentation to cater for different learning styles, for example, charts, diagrams, recorded spoken commentary or demonstration to explain eco-systems or recycling
  • referencing cultural trends in contemporary France and other francophone communities, for example by presenting and commenting on community texts associated with cultural activities related to les fêtes religieuses or les fêtes civiles (Hanoucca, la Messe de Minuit, les Fêtes du Mawlid, le 1er mai)

  VCFRC077 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCHIC096

  Engage with imaginative and creative texts such as stories, cartoons, paintings, poems, songs and TV programs, comparing favourite elements and discussing structure, characters, themes and effects

  Elaborations

  • interacting with different types of verse, drama and song lyrics, discussing how imagery, rhythm and rhyme are used to create mood and effect, and experimenting with expressive language to create their own texts
  • comparing their life experiences with those of characters in traditional folktales such as एकता में बल है, identifying elements of universal human experience such as loss, love or loyalty
  • comparing story lines and characterisation in popular Hindi- and English-language TV series, identifying themes or issues that seem to be differently responded to in one cultural context than in the other
  • identifying how cultural traditions and beliefs are communicated through visual and performing arts, and comparing different living traditions present in Australia, including artistic expression associated with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
  • comparing style, creative effects and cultural traditions reflected in popular forms of Hindi and Australian entertainment, for example, The Voice India or India’s Got Talent and Australian versions of the shows, Bollywood movies and English-language musicals, TV programs such as अशोक सम्राट and Australian programs popular with a similar age-group
  • discussing characters from favourite stories, comics or cartoons, such as चाचा चौधरी; बहादुर नागराज, identifying elements of their personalities that they most admire, enjoy or identify with
  • considering how humour is expressed and shared in culturally specific ways and whether it ‘travels’ successfully across languages, for example, by comparing favourite jokes, cartoons or amusing stories in Hindi with humorous texts in English
  • analysing the structure of traditional or contemporary Hindi poetry, for example, by identifying the use of rhythm, rhyme and repetition, or comparing examples of lyrical or poetic expression, बुन्देले हरबोलों के मुख हमने सुनी कहानी थी खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वो तो झांसी वाली रानी थी

  VCHIC096 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCHIC097

  Create original texts that involve imagination and expression, experimenting with a range of modes and performance genres

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with text structure and imaginative language to create entertaining texts for younger children, for example, by using dramatic and emotive words and vocal expression to build suspense in a story
  • creating dramatic or humorous representations of people, situations or events encountered in their own lives
  • composing and performing poems or songs that incorporate elements of traditional or contemporary literary and musical forms, for example, भक्ति or वीर गाथा verse, nonsense songs, raps
  • creating, rehearsing and performing interpretations of poems for a public recitation or verse-speaking competition
  • creating a multimodal text that captures impressions of their local community through images, sound effects and spoken commentary
  • preparing and presenting a contribution to their school Speech Day, for example, an opening address that uses formal expressions such as माननीय प्रधानाचार्य जी.......
  • planning performances that incorporate elements such as mime, music and expressive commentary and invite reflection on ethical or humanitarian principles, for example, अहिंसा; अनेकता में एकता
  • creating texts such as short stories or cartoons that involve imaginary characters and fantasy scenarios, for example, a new species, parallel universe or superhero
  • improvising unscripted exchanges between imaginary characters who find themselves in challenging situations, for example, मित्रता; निष्ठा; साहस, using gestures, voice and props to build mood, explore relationships and express emotions
  • creating a segment for a community radio station, such as an imaginary cricket commentary or news flash about an imagined catastrophe

  VCHIC097 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCVIU032

  Identify and analyse linguistic features of Vietnamese that vary according to purpose and relationships

  Elaborations

  • recognising how language use, such as level of politeness, reflects the relationship between participants and the purpose of the speaker or writer, for example, close friends tend to use informal language (tao, mày) while new acquaintances use more formal language (tôi, bạn)
  • identifying and analysing variations in language use, such as choice of vocabulary and structures, between diverse participants (for example, older people and teenagers, males and females, educated and uneducated people) in a range of different interactions
  • recognising and explaining changes in purpose, attitude or relationship that are revealed through variations in language use such as tone or communicative practices, for example, parents addressing children as con, con cưng, con yêu quý during harmonious times together but as mày during times of conflict
  • analysing how a writer or speaker may vary tone to create different effects on an audience, for example, Mẹ không được xem lén nhật ký của con! versus Mẹ không nên xem lén nhật ký của con như vậy, or Sao con dám nói chuyện với ba mẹ như vậy? versus Sao con có thể nói chuyện với ba mẹ như vậy?
  • comparing and discussing language use in a range of blogs, interviews or transcripts of speeches to determine the target age, gender, social status or educational level of the audience
  • recognising variations in language use in traditional and contemporary Vietnamese entertainment and texts (kịch, cải lương, truyện cổ tích versus phim, thơ, truyện ngắn), including vocabulary, structures, modes of expression and cultural elements

  VCVIU032 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHC101

  Respond to imaginative texts by stating how themes such as relationships, image and acceptance are portrayed, and create own performances to express ideas on personal experiences of these themes

  Elaborations

  • sharing opinions on language used in contemporary media for young people, including music videos and TV series, for example, 我很喜欢学这首歌，它的歌词很美
  • explaining meaning of scripts and lyrics, and recognising how feelings/emotions are expressed in ‘subtle’ ways through the use of stylistic devices or symbolism, for example, 月亮代表我的心
  • comparing how the theme of love is represented across different imaginative texts in both Chinese and English, and discussing personal responses, for example, 我觉得这个故事很像…。我不喜欢…因为他…,如果他像…一样，那么…
  • identifying how media convey a sense of ‘right’ and purpose in the lives of young people and expressing own opinion (for example, 我觉得他是好人，因为他帮助老人) and reactions to the situations and contexts represented, for example, 如果我是她; 我觉得他最好…
  • portraying a scene from a familiar narrative (for example, creating a skit or short play recounting an event from a well-known novel) and considering how the main characters represent their experiences and express their emotions through their interactions
  • creating a Chinese voiceover for a scene from an English language sitcom, experimenting with ways in which language, image, behaviour and humour are used to enhance meaning and entertainment
  • collaborating to create short performances, for example, a skit about celebrating Spring Festival, a simple lyric for a song about school life, or a rap about being a student of Chinese
  • collaborating to develop an imaginative promotional video to post on a website to sell an innovative product or service, such as a Chinese-speaking toy panda or a peer tutoring service

  VCZHC101 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCDEU119

  Notice that the languages people use relate to who they are and where and how they live

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, how it involves visible elements, such as ways of eating or symbols such as flags, and invisible elements, such as how people live, what they value, and how they think about themselves and others
  • understanding that learning German involves ways of using language that may be unfamiliar, for example, using Guten Appetit before commencing a meal or using danke when refusing an offer
  • noticing expressions and terms that are used in Australian contexts, such as for foods, animals, sports and activities, for example, ‘sausage roll’, ‘Vegemite’, ‘joey’, ‘possum’, ‘Little Athletics’
  • understanding that gestures differ across cultures, for example, shaking hands is generally more common in German-speaking countries than in Australia and omission to do so may be considered impolite from a German perspective

  VCDEU119 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCESC132

  Read, view and listen to stories, children’s television programs and songs and make simple statements about characters, themes and reactions

  Elaborations

  • reading, viewing and listening to a range of print, digital and oral texts through shared and guided participation, for example, by responding to questions about characters, ideas and events or by illustrating and captioning aspects of texts
  • expressing personal reactions to characters or events in texts such as children’s television programs, stories and songs, using artefacts such as puppets or masks, for example, me gusta/no me gusta…¡Qué asco! ¡Qué raro! Ellos son muy graciosos/divertidos; Ellas son muy graciosas/divertidas
  • commenting on culturally specific elements of stories or songs, for example, family relationships, the role of music or performance, or values associated with children or older people
  • experimenting with voice and gestures to animate characters and with movement and action to act out events in imaginative texts, for example, assuming a character from a text and participating in a dialogue

  VCESC132 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating