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• VCKOC180

  Create texts in Korean and English on same themes or events in different modes such as digital photo stories, short video clips or cartoons, and provide subtitles, captions or commentaries in either language to help meaning

  Elaborations

  • creating subtitles, captions or commentaries for texts such as brochures, slide show presentations or video clips that inform the school community of aspects of Korean culture (such as dining at a Korean home, shopping at a market, attending a ceremony, giving a gift)
  • producing texts in Korean and English on community events such as posters or advertisements in print or multimedia format, for example, to promote a concert or an interview with a celebrity for a teen radio station
  • creating texts such as songs or dialogues in multimedia format in either Korean or English with subtitles displayed in the language (for example, English) which is not the language used as the medium (for example, Korean)

  VCKOC180 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCKOU206

  Examine variations and expectations reflected in Korean language that relate to roles, relationships and contexts of interactions, considering how and why these differ from interactions in English or in other languages represented in the classroom

  Elaborations

  • using language, body language and gestures in culturally appropriate ways, identifying and reflecting on expected roles in contexts specific to Korean or Australian culture
  • discussing possible consequences resulting from language use related to different cultures, reflecting on how Korean ways of thinking and world views are reflected in Korean language by analysing texts such as old sayings, axioms, idioms and lyrics, for example, 호랑이도 제 말하면 온다, 김칫국부터 마신다, 빈 수레가요란하다, 아리랑
  • reflecting on English old sayings, axioms, idioms and lyrics that could be possible equivalents to Korean examples, and discussing how ways of thinking and world views are reflected in different ways around the same ideas/phenomena in different cultures and languages

  VCKOU206 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLAU026

  Understand that Latin became the official language of the Roman empire and facilitated the spread of Roman civilisation and culture, and that Latin continues to enrich English through specialist vocabulary and abstract concepts embodied in the language

  Elaborations

  • recognising that, as the Roman world expanded, Latin became the language of communication, trade, administration, education and law throughout its sphere of influence
  • exploring the role of Latin in the process of Romanisation, and its influence on local languages
  • discussing the impact on people and their lives in Roman provinces, with Latin as the common language, and Roman infrastructure such as aqueducts, sewers, roads and shipping, safe trade routes, standardised currency and weights and measures
  • recognising the spread of ancient Greek ideas through Latin, such as the use of Greek vocabulary and concepts in literature and philosophy, for example, stadium, rhetor, theatrum, poeta, stoica, philosophia
  • exploring abstract concepts derived from Latin, such as justice, liberty, republic, fraternity, charity, genius, piety
  • recognising terms in English that are hybrids of Classical Greek and Latin, for example, metalanguage, quantum physics, teleconference
  • discussing Latin words and expressions that are used in fields such as law, business and education, for example, de facto, non sequitur, agenda, forum, curriculum
  • examining the Latin roots of English words in subjects across the school curriculum, for example, technical vocabulary related to reporting research, such as ibid and stet
  • identifying Latin roots in English scientific, technical and medical terminology, for example, genus, species; computer, data, accumulator, super conductor, cellular differentiation, quantum teleportation; cancer, cannula, defibrillator, incision, amputation
  • exploring how Latin is used to coin terms for new technology and new discoveries in science and medicine in the modern world, such as internet, Trojan (horse), forum, virus
  • applying knowledge of Latin to form and explain plurals of English words borrowed from Latin, for example, indices, media, vertebrae, curricula, alumni
  • exploring mottoes and inscriptions, such as per ardua ad astra or mens sana in corpore sano, and discussing their relevance in the modern world
  • investigating the enduring nature and use of Latin in academic and religious ceremonies, for example, summa cum laude, honoris causa, gaudeamus igitur or pater noster

  VCLAU026 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | The powerful influence of language and culture

• VCNRC025

  Translate and interpret words, phrases and sentences used in familiar environments such as school and home, recognising how they may have similar or different meanings to words in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • playing matching games with word cards, for example, days of the week, months, seasons or vocabulary associated with weather
  • translating simple sentences, such as requests in the classroom, to understand the gist, noticing how meaning changes when translating into English
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts into English, for example, street signs, addresses, food labels, noting that some signs and symbols are universal, for example, the ‘stop’ sign

  VCNRC025 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRC042

  Translate simple texts from the language being studied to English and vice versa, identifying words and expressions that do not always translate literally and may have more than one meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing translations of written texts such as advertisements, websites, food packaging and menus, and considering how meanings may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • translating simple sentences, noticing that there is not always word-for-word equivalence
  • recognising that some words cannot be translated into English without losing some of the meaning, or cannot be translated using only one word
  • identifying and explaining expressions and idioms that do not make sense when translated word-for-word
  • explaining to the teacher, peers and family how some words may have many different meanings

  VCNRC042 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU083

  Analyse culturally specific ways of interacting in the language being studied and how and why language use varies according to cultural contexts, considering why these interactions differ from those in English or in other languages

  Elaborations

  • comparing texts created for different audiences, such as advertisements, brochures and signs, noticing how language use reflects ideas and messages that are relevant to a particular audience
  • investigating the nature and use of the target language in different contexts of interaction, reflecting on similarities and differences to interactions in English or other languages
  • identifying English words in the language being studied and discussing their emergence and use

  VCNRU083 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCTRC093

  Translate and interpret familiar texts such as public signs, song titles or menus from Turkish to English and vice versa, noticing which words or phrases translate easily and which do not

  Elaborations

  • translating public signs and notices, comparing each other’s versions and considering reasons for differences in how they transferred meaning from one language to the other
  • recognising when literal translation is not possible and discussing reasons for equivalence or non-equivalence in the case of idiomatic expressions such as samanlıkta iğne aramak, kulak misafiri olmak, davulun sesi uzaktan hoş gelir, armut dalının dibine düşer
  • identifying and translating words and expressions that reference cultural values or histories and are difficult to translate into English, for example, başınız sağ olsun, sıhhatler olsun, imece, hayırlı olsun, nazar değmesin
  • evaluating the effectiveness of bilingual dictionaries and electronic translation tools, identifying issues such as alternative or multiple meanings of words and the importance of context to meaning
  • translating and interpreting familiar social interactions, such as emails, phone conversations or greetings on special occasions, noticing similarities and differences between Turkish and English language versions
  • interpreting words and expressions from popular Turkish language poems or song titles/lyrics that do not translate easily into English and that reflect aspects of Turkish culture
  • examining literal translations of everyday interactions in different domains of language use, such as school, home or special interest activities, identifying culturally significant concepts reflected in expressions such as ellerinize sağlık, afiyet olsun, used after meals, yine bekleriz, in a restaurant, or in language used for apologising or excusing, kusura bakma, yazıklar olsun

  VCTRC093 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRU083

  Understand that variations in the use of spoken and written Turkish relate to social roles, communities and contexts, and consider how and why these differ from similar variations in the use of Australian English

  Elaborations

  • identifying protocols associated with the use of language, body language and gestures when using Turkish which are different to those used by people from other language backgrounds, for example, kissing hands, avoiding crossing legs or putting hands in pockets when in the company of elders
  • tracking variations in language use among different community or social groups, identifying how they reflect cultural values, hierarchies or relationships, for example, language used between members of sporting or interest groups
  • discussing the use of Avustralya Türkçesi among people in different contexts, for example, the use of words such as ‘yep’, ‘mate’, shoplar, ‘you know’ within sentences in Turkish, for example, at local events such as festivallerdeki duyurular, satıcıların dili, camide imamın konuşması
  • comparing style, register and grammatical choices adopted in spoken, written or digital versions of an interaction such as a greeting, announcement or apology, for example, özür dilerim/affınıza sığınırım, naber(nbr)/nasılsın
  • understanding why older Turkish speakers and government officials are more likely to use loan words from Persian and Arabic compared to younger generations in social contexts, for example, the use of teferruat instead of ayrıntı, or tercüme instead of çeviri, müracaat for başvuru

  VCTRU083 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHC233

  Create bilingual information texts for speakers of Chinese and English in Australia, recognising ‘code-switching’ and how specific vocabulary and terminology from other learning areas can be translated in different settings, such as for an expert or beginner audience

  Elaborations

  • comparing multiple ways of translating English terms and phrases into Chinese, and discussing the effectiveness and focus of these translations, for example, 苹果手机 or 爱疯
  • considering others’ responses in interactions and clarifying whether their own message has been understood as they intended, for example, 大家对这个问题还有什么疑议吗？ 不知大家还有没有什么意见和建议？
  • producing own bilingual texts, for example, explaining aspects of Chinese culture to English-speaking audiences or interpreting concepts learnt in other learning areas to help Chinese-speaking peers understand course content
  • providing further explanation of concepts that are not immediately clear to second language learners of Chinese, for example, contrasting the concept of ‘culture’ in English with Chinese 文化 (which also includes the meaning of ‘literacy’) and starting to understand other 文化 in comparative terms

  VCZHC233 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC168

  Create bilingual texts relating to other learning areas and topics of interest, considering the influence of different roles, relationships, settings and situations when interpreting both Chinese and English

  Elaborations

  • observing others involved in interpreting meaning in bilingual contexts and identifying challenges and potential issues in mediation
  • using Chinese dictionaries to enhance understanding of subtle differences in how and when words are used, and applying this knowledge to interpreting meanings in texts and interactions

  VCZHC168 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC070

  Create written imaginative texts that express aspects of Chinese culture for different audiences and identify how some concepts can be readily translated between Chinese and English and some do not

  Elaborations

  • creating first person narratives in which they describe experiences and emotions in imagined scenarios and places, for example, 假如我是巨星
  • producing cartoon scripts to express traditional Chinese values, for example, 孔融让梨

  VCZHC070 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHU256

  Compare the nature of word formation, including subtle forms of adjectives such as 特有的 and 明朗, in the development of new words in Chinese and English, and evaluate their effectiveness in conveying new concepts

  Elaborations

  • comparing the expression of new concepts across languages and analysing the representation of new ideas in contemporary media, such as 云电视、
  • comparing the functions of semantically related morphemes and discussing why one is preferred over others in the development of new words, for example, ways of expressing ‘green’: 碧、 翠、 绿 、 青、 （翠绿、碧绿、青翠、苍翠） and new words such as: 雪碧，绿化

  VCZHU256 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU238

  Compare how grammatical features such as tense and passive voice are constructed in English and Chinese, and identify distinctive features of Chinese grammar, for example, in tense marking (了、过), possession, plurality

  Elaborations

  • enhancing their understanding of how information is organised to achieve particular communicative purposes, for example, 是…的 and 被 structure
  • experimenting with the use of different sentence patterns when composing own messages, for example, 让步句 and 转折句

  VCZHU238 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• English: About English

  The study of English is central to the development of all young Australians. It contributes to the creation of confident communicators, imaginative thinkers and informed citizens. It is through the study of English that individuals learn to analyse, understand, communicate and interact with others...

  Overview material | English

• English as an Additional Language (EAL) - Pathway A: Early immersion - EAL: Level B2 achievement standards - Speaking and Listening

  At Level B2 students communicate and learn English in predictable social and learning situations, understanding some de-contextualised English and expressing simple messages in basic English. They negotiate simple transactions and ask and answer basic questions on familiar topics, using familiar...

  Level description | English | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Pathway A: Early immersion | EAL | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening

• English as an Additional Language (EAL) - Pathway B: Mid immersion - EAL: Level B2 description

  The Level B2 curriculum develops students’ knowledge, understanding and skills in relation to their spoken English. Students learn to negotiate simple exchanges in English, combining their understanding of both verbal and non-verbal language. They refine and further develop a wide range of fundamental...

  Level description | English | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Pathway B: Mid immersion | EAL

• English as an Additional Language (EAL) - Pathway A: Early immersion - EAL: Level B1 achievement standards - Speaking and Listening

  At Level B1 students communicate verbally and non-verbally in routine social and classroom situations, understanding controlled English that is supported by its immediate context. They use formulas, well-rehearsed and common sentence patterns, and short, simple utterances to contribute relatively...

  Level description | English | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Pathway A: Early immersion | EAL | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening

• English as an Additional Language (EAL) - Pathway A: Early immersion - EAL: Level CL achievement standards - Speaking and Listening

  At Level CL students communicate simply but effectively in English in familiar social and classroom contexts. They communicate using formulaic language; short, simple and well-rehearsed grammatical features; and adaptations of their emerging English repertoire. They use stress and intonation appropriately...

  Level description | English | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Pathway A: Early immersion | EAL | Level CL | Speaking and Listening

• English as an Additional Language (EAL) - Pathway A: Early immersion - EAL: Level CL achievement standards - Writing

  At Level CL, in familiar contexts, students write short, grammatically simple texts based on well-rehearsed spoken and well-practised written English. They write for a range of basic classroom and personal purposes, such as making lists and writing simple journal entries and notes, and complete...

  Level description | English | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Pathway A: Early immersion | EAL | Level CL | Writing

• English as an Additional Language (EAL) - Pathway B: Mid immersion - EAL: Level B3 description

  The Level B3 curriculum provides opportunities to enhance students’ knowledge, understanding and skills in relation to their spoken English. Students learn to respond to and use English appropriately in a wide range of contexts. The curriculum focuses on pronunciation, stress and intonation in...

  Level description | English | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Pathway B: Mid immersion | EAL