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• VCASFU049

  Identify different types of verbs based on their ability to integrate space into the sign, and recognise types of depiction available to a signer, namely, entity, handling and SASS depicting signs and constructed action

  Elaborations

  • identifying where and how a signer has established a location in space, for example through the use of points, non-body-anchored signs or fingerspelled words
  • distinguishing, with support, between directional and locational indicating verbs, and noticing that verbs differ depending on whether modification of movement happens at the start, end or start and end of a sign
  • identifying examples of DSs in an Auslan text, and recognising that handshape and movement represent different things in each type of DS, for example:
    • entity DSs: the handshape is an object or person, and the movement is the movement or location of that object or person
    • handling DSs: the handshape represents a person’s hands touching or moving another object, and the movement shows how the hands move
    • SASS DSs: the handshape and movement outline the shape or size of something
  • learning that the function of CA is to represent the words, thoughts or actions of a protagonist in a text, either themselves or another
  • knowing that in CA a signer can shift into the role of another, or themselves at a different time, through eye gaze change, body shift, head orientation change, and matching facial expressions

  VCASFU049 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU180

  Reflect on how communities’ ways of using languages are shaped by, reflect and strengthen cultural values and beliefs and how these may be differently interpreted by users of other languages

  Elaborations

  • explaining the role of Auslan and Deaf culture in maintaining, reflecting and strengthening the Deaf community and its networks and significant places
  • understanding that knowledge about past and present Deaf people and cultural experience and values is embodied in and transmitted through Auslan, for example ways of producing the sign for SIGN reflect cultural values placed on fluency
  • identifying the cultural importance of elements of communication such as the use of signing space and proxemics by Auslan users, particularly in relation to a person passing between two signers, or to the positioning of communication partners
  • identifying cultural differences in the use of personal names in Auslan and their own background language, such as the fact that Auslan signers do not use a person’s name sign when addressing them directly as do users of many spoken languages
  • recognising that different types of expressive and imaginative performance in Auslan carry cultural as well as linguistic information, for example, a film or theatrical performance that represents typical miscommunication experiences between deaf and hearing people
  • reflecting on the ways culture is interpreted by others, for example by identifying how stereotypes about deaf and hearing people influence perceptions
  • understanding that ‘sound’ is accessed differently in Deaf culture, that the meaning and importance of sound in deaf people’s lives is not the same as in hearing people’s experience

  VCASFU180 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCDEC147

  Reflect on aspects of own identity and language use, commenting on and suggesting reasons for what is similar/different and easy/difficult

  Elaborations

  • participating in a discussion in English about the impact of a school uniform on personal identity, and imagining how German students might view wearing a school uniform
  • preparing a digital ‘language passport’ documenting different stages in learning German, intercultural experiences and reflections on the impact of learning German on self and others, and considering possible reasons for perceived similarities and differences between experiences or degree of difficulty
  • evaluating own preferred learning style, identifying own strengths, and contributing to a class list of German Fachleute/Experten for others to consult for advice, in areas such as Aussprache, Technologie and Vokabeln
  • exploring the idea of stereotypes associated with languages and identity discussing how groups of people tend to think about themselves and others, and how stereotypes affect attitudes and communication and can be inaccurate
  • comparing own ways of using language with those of peers, considering how family and community shape identity and communication, for example, using more than one language, expressing feelings or celebrating in various ways
  • considering whether learning and using German impacts on identity either in or out of the classroom

  VCDEC147 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCDEC141

  Convey information and opinions in different formats to suit specific audiences and purposes, selecting appropriate print and multimodal elements

  Elaborations

  • analysing and presenting the results of a class survey, for example, by creating a poster or digital presentation using graphs showing what foods students buy and/or would like to be able to buy at the school canteen (27 Schüler kaufen Süßigkeiten. 34 Schüler wollen andere Getränke.)
  • writing a blog entry for a youth website discussing an aspect of social behaviour, for example, Partys
  • creating a website for a contact group of German-speaking students, posting information on own interests and experiences, for example, Ferien, Freunde, Freizeit, Schule, Medien, and highlighting elements which may be unfamiliar to the intended audience using sound, visuals or graphics
  • creating a factual self-profile using Voki or VoiceThread for a group of young German speakers
  • recording, comparing and representing statistics related to German-speaking countries and Australia, for example, population and physical size, daily temperatures, number and type of dwellings, pet ownership, most popular leisure activities

  VCDEC141 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCDEC146

  Engage in intercultural interactions, describing aspects of language and culture that are unfamiliar or uncomfortable, and discussing own reactions and adjustments

  Elaborations

  • observing how language use reflects politeness and the closeness of social relationships, such as different levels of formality through the use of du/ihr/Sie, and familiarity with friends, for example, nicknames (Spitznamen) and various uses of diminutives (-chen, -lein)
  • noticing the use of and evaluating whether or not to adopt German expressions such as exclamations (Ach so! Echt!), and gestures such as indicating approval with ‘thumbs up’ (comparing with the use of one thumb to indicate the number ‘one’) and ‘applauding’ by rapping knuckles on the table
  • reflecting on how own cultural etiquette and behaviour such as gestures affect interactions and may be interpreted, for example, noticing similarities and differences in body language when interacting with people from German-speaking countries (shrugging, nodding one’s head)
  • noticing own reaction (level of comfort/discomfort) to different cultural practices such as asking Wie geht’s? and not expecting a detailed response about health and current medical conditions
  • recognising aspects of own language use that reflect own cultural perspective and experiences, for example, references to climate and environment, animals, activities and routines such as chores, and celebrations and events

  VCDEC146 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCDEC139

  Use simple questions, statements and responses to participate in and support classroom interactions and learning activities, and to indicate understanding and monitor own learning

  Elaborations

  • politely asking peers to do something and responding to requests, for example, giving and receiving things (Gib mir itte den Stift! bitte schön; danke schön)
  • discussing and creating shared class rules and procedures, for example, Dürfen wir auf dem Boden sitzen? Wir müssen immer aufpassen.
  • checking on progress during learning tasks or activities, using comments and questions such as Kein Problem! Das schaffen wir. Was machst du jetzt? Verstehst du das?
  • sharing ideas about the experience of learning and using German, and comparing what they can and cannot do, for example, Ich kann gut sprechen, aber ich finde das Lesen und Schreiben schwierig.

  VCDEC139 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCDEU149

  Develop and apply knowledge of German grammatical elements such as verb tenses, modal verbs and case, combining them with an increasing range of nouns, adjectives and adverbs to construct sentences

  Elaborations

  • referring to a person, place or object using the nominative and accusative definite and indefinite articles, for example, Das Mädchen hat einen Hockeyschläger. Der Film hat ein Happy End.
  • noticing how articles and pronouns change after certain verbs (Ich danke dir.) and after particular prepositions associated with location, for example, Wir sind in der Stadt. Die Party ist bei Stefan im Garten.
  • understanding and describing current, recurring and future actions, including by using common separable verbs such as aufstehen, ausgehen, aussehen, fernsehen, mitkommen and mitnehmen
  • understanding the concept of regular and irregular verbs and noticing that this is a feature of both German and English (and other languages, such as French, Italian and Spanish)
  • understanding and expressing obligation and permission using the modal verbs müssen and dürfen, such as in descriptions of school rules, for example, Wir dürfen in der Klasse nicht texten. Wir müssen eine Uniform tragen.
  • comparing the meaning of the modal verbs wollen, sollen, mögen and können with their English equivalents
  • making comparisons using simple structures such as Ich mag Erdbeeren lieber als Kiwis. Radfahren ist besser als Autofahren.
  • giving instructions to one or more peers, for example, Trink(t) mehr Wasser!
  • understanding and speaking about past events by adapting modelled sentences in the present perfect tense and using knowledge of common verbs in the simple past tense, for example, Ich habe heute meine Hausaufgaben nicht gemacht. Wir sind nach Bali geflogen. Früher konnte ich Klavier spielen.
  • noticing that some verbs can be combined with a separable or inseparable prefix which alters the meaning of the base verb, for example, Er kommt um 17.15 Uhr. Kommst du mit? Ich bekomme $50 zum Geburtstag.
  • describing frequency using adverbs and adverbial expressions such as oft, manchmal, jeden Tag, ab und zu and nie
  • understanding the meaning of the conjunctions dass and weil
  • understanding questions using warum and responding with a simple sentence, for example, Warum bist du müde? Ich habe heute Fuβball gespielt.
  • referring to a date, including the year, for an event such as a birth date, for example, Meine Oma ist am elften April 1956 geboren.
  • understanding and locating events in time, including the use of the 24-hour clock, prepositions such as nach and vor, and formulaic expressions such as früher, später, am Wochenende, in den Ferien
  • referring to quantities of people and things (including Meter, Kilometer; Quadratmeter, Quadratkilometer for length/height/distance and area) using cardinal numbers up to 10 000 including decimals, common fractions and negative numbers, for example, 85,5 Prozent haben ein Handy. Die Tagestemperatur liegt bei minus 8 Grad. Ich habe eine Halbschwester.
  • building metalanguage to comment on grammar and vocabulary (for example, Substantive/Nomen, Verben, Ordinalzahlen, Präpositionen, Fragewörter, groβ/klein schreiben), comparing with equivalent English terms

  VCDEU149 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELC141

  Convey and present information about aspects of personal world through prepared texts such as digital presentations, diagrams, dialogues and timelines

  Elaborations

  • constructing a visual, digital or narrative profile of the local community for people arriving from overseas, collecting information from public and community texts, such as flyers, newsletters, advertisements and brochures
  • preparing and giving simple presentations on personal world, for example, a timeline of growth and change Εδώ είμαι δύο χρονών. Εδώ είμαι πέντε χρονών. Πάω στο σχολείο, family celebrations of birthdays/name days and other special occasions
  • presenting the results of a class survey about aspects of personal world such as daily routines, for example, by creating a poster or digital presentation using diagrams, charts or timelines
  • conveying information to others using descriptive language, for example, producing a simple brochure or an advertisement about a city or tourist attraction in Greece or Cyprus, or a food item such as olive oil or mastiha gum
  • preparing a dialogue with a partner about self, for example, Έχεις αδέρφια; Ναι, έχω, εσύ;
  • using graphic organisers to convey information in particular ways, for example, to show priorities (list/table), to compare statistics or ideas (Venn diagram) or to highlight frequency (graph)
  • reporting information, for example, about city and village life, based on own or group research, and supporting the information with photos, illustrations, captions or diagrams

  VCELC141 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCELC147

  Share experiences of learning and using Greek, in person or online, and reflect on the effect of language learning on own identity

  Elaborations

  • preparing a class profile to exchange with students in Greece or Cyprus online, showing language backgrounds and interests represented in the class, using captions and symbols such as flags and words from different languages
  • exploring the idea of stereotypes associated with languages and identities, and discussing how stereotypes affect attitudes and communication and can be inaccurate
  • exploring how their linguistic and cultural background, for example, languages spoken, key relationships and intercultural experiences, influence their sense of who they are
  • connecting various personal experiences of learning Modern Greek, and describing how learning Greek has influenced own everyday behaviour and language use, for example, using Greek outside the language classroom, playing Greek games, or having lunch at a Greek restaurant and being able to read some of the menu
  • considering whether learning and using Greek impacts on their sense of identity either in or out of the classroom

  VCELC147 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCELC139

  Interact in class activities, using questions, statements and responses to enhance, demonstrate and share understanding

  Elaborations

  • collaborating with peers during individual or group activities, for example, Κοίτα, Άκου, Κάνε το έτσι, Πες το, Τι κάνεις τώρα;
  • checking on progress during learning tasks or activities, using comments and questions such as Κατάλαβες; Εντάξει, Πώς πας; Τελείωσες; Το ξέρω, Το έκανα, εύκολο
  • asking peers politely to do something and responding to requests, for example, giving and receiving things, Ένα μολύβι παρακαλώ, Ορίστε. Ευχαριστώ πολύ. Παρακαλώ. Θα ήθελα ... Μου δίνεις;
  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using Greek, comparing what they can and cannot do, for example, Ξέρω να γράφω, να μιλώ, να μετρώ μέχρι τα 100

  VCELC139 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCELU151

  Understand the importance of register in a range of contexts and situations, such as at home, at school or in more formal situations

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate language according to age, gender, relationship and social status when meeting people for the first time or when introducing friends, teachers or other adults
  • comparing the meaning of words heard in the community to those learnt in class and noticing that there are different ways of saying the same thing in Greek, for example, η χτένα, η τσατσάρα,
  • identifying the appropriate way to communicate things in Greek, for example, το αυτοκίνητο instead of το κάρο
  • reflecting on the use of colloquial or abbreviated language in technologically mediated contexts, for example by email or phone, as well as the use of borrowed words from other languages, for example, στικάκι (memory stick), σερφάρω (surfing the internet)

  VCELU151 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESC155

  Discuss how it feels to interact in a different language, what they understand by ‘identity’, and whether learning Spanish has any effect on their sense of self

  Elaborations

  • identifying elements of identity that may be important across all cultures, for example, family, community, location
  • monitoring their development as a learner and user of Spanish, for example, through recording progress in learning logs, blogs or journals
  • discussing whether learning and using Spanish affects their sense of identity in or out of the classroom, making reference to experiences such as eating in restaurants, playing games or communicating with Spanish speakers
  • exploring the idea of stereotypes associated with languages and identities, discussing how groups of people tend to think about themselves and others, and how stereotypes affect attitudes and communication
  • creating a self-profile such as an avatar or montage with self-introduction, making choices about the design, content and language used

  VCESC155 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCESU162

  Reflect on own language use at home, at school and in the community, considering how this may be interpreted by young Spanish speakers

  Elaborations

  • describing own/one another’s ways of communicating, identifying aspects that may reflect Australian traditions, values and practices
  • choosing words or expressions commonly used in informal Australian interactions, and deciding how to interpret or explain them to young Spanish speakers, for example, ‘mate’, ‘fair dinkum’
  • noticing similarities and differences between own ways of communicating and aspects observed in interactions between young Spanish speakers in different contexts and situations, for example, the expression of politeness or turn-taking in conversations
  • identifying things they take for granted about communication in familiar cultural contexts, for example, shared understanding of gestures and tones of voice
  • noticing culturally appropriate ways of offering praise, recognition, gratitude or encouragement

  VCESU162 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCESU157

  Understand and use grammatical elements such as tenses, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs and noun-adjective agreements to construct simple texts for different purposes

  Elaborations

  • noticing that there are two verbs in Spanish for ‘to be’, ser (José es mi hermano) and estar (Estoy cansada)
  • using simple forms of present and past tenses in context (Ayer fue martes y hoy es miércoles), and describing intended actions using the near future tense ir + a + infinitive, for example, Manuel va a mirar su celular/móvil
  • using the conditional mode as a formulaic expression, for example, Me gustaría ser pintor, No me gustaría vivir en una isla pequeña
  • identifying the use and omission of subject pronouns in familiar structures, for example, Vivo en Australia, Ella es Lourdes
  • using interrogative pronouns and correct word order to ask questions and make requests, for example, ¿Cuál es tu número de teléfono?¿Quieres jugar en el patio?
  • building compound sentences to express opinions, preferences or reasons using words such as porque, también and pero, for example, Me gusta cantar, pero prefiero bailar porque es divertido. No me gusta ver la televisión porque es aburrido. Mi comida favorita es el pescado, pero también como carne
  • indicating frequency using adverbs, for example, siempre, a veces, nunca
  • noticing the flexibility of word order in relation to verbs and adverbs, for example, En verano, voy siempre a la playa/En verano, voy a la playa siempre/ En verano, siempre voy a la playa
  • using ordinal numbers, for example, Rosario Arjona es la primera de la lista, Luis vive en la quinta planta
  • understanding gender and number agreement between articles, nouns and adjectives, for example, Tengo un libro nuevo, Las montañas rocosas son muy bonitas
  • comparing the use of diminutives to express affection in Spanish (hermanita, periquita, gatico/gatito) to some equivalents in English, for example, ‘dear little sister’, ‘lovely little cat’
  • using comparatives based on models, for example, tan grande como …, más caro que …, menos frío que…Australia es más grande que Europa
  • recognising that some nouns do not follow the regular masculine/feminine ending pattern, for example, el mapa, el problema, la mano
  • expressing reactions as exclamations, for example, ¡qué susto!; ¡qué hermoso!; ¡qué rico!;¡qué chulo!

  VCESU157 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRC047

  Reflect on aspects of own identity and language use, for example, by creating personal or group profiles or portfolios

  Elaborations

  • creating a self-profile, using captioned photos, slide presentations, posters or concept maps to highlight key characteristics, relationships and ways of using language
  • preparing a class profile to exchange with French-speaking students, showing language backgrounds, interests and personalities represented in the class, and using captions and symbols such as flags, emoticons, and words from different languages
  • exploring the idea of stereotypes associated with languages and identities, discussing how groups of people tend to think about themselves and others, and how stereotypes affect attitudes and communication and can be inaccurate
  • comparing own ways of using language with those of peers, considering how family and community shape identity and communication, for example, using more than one language, celebrating or expressing feelings in various ways
  • considering whether learning and using French impacts on identity either in or out of the classroom

  VCFRC047 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCFRU054

  Reflect on how ways of using language are shaped by communities’ ways of thinking and behaving and may be differently interpreted by others

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on how different languages and cultures represented in the classroom influence ways of talking about and relating to social and physical environments, for example, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditions in relation to place, language and culture
  • identifying elements of Australian-English vocabulary, expressions and behaviours, discussing how they might be explained to people from different language backgrounds, for example, ‘the bush’, ‘fair go’, ‘she’ll be right’
  • comparing responses and reactions to the experience of learning the French language and culture, examining whether initial attitudes or understandings have changed

  VCFRU054 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCHIC047

  Compare their experiences of moving between Hindi and English, considering advantages and challenges involved in using more than one language

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of being bilingual or multilingual, identifying ways in which they draw upon different language and cultural resources to make meaning
  • identifying benefits of knowing more than one language and considering whether moving between languages affects their sense of identity or ‘belonging’
  • comparing their family cultures, considering how their family and community life shape their sense of identity and how culture is reflected in their daily activities and interests
  • evaluating their ability to communicate across and through different languages and to use their language and cultural skills in Hindi and English to best effect
  • comparing observations about how interacting in Hindi feels different to interacting in English, identifying ways of socialising or communicating that they see to be culture-specific

  VCHIC047 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIC046

  Discuss the effects of switching between languages, noticing when they choose to use either Hindi or English and how each language and associated cultures influences their ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of moving between Hindi- and English-speaking contexts, comparing instances that have resulted in difficulties, surprises or amusement due to differences in cultural expectations
  • comparing gestures and other forms of non-verbal behaviour used when communicating in Hindi, English and other languages
  • reflecting on situations when they use both Hindi and English, discussing why they do this, for example, when talking about sport, food or music or when using social media
  • identifying adjustments they make when moving between languages, for example, to ways of addressing people or expressing affection or respect, discussing why these adjustments are necessary and whether they are easy to make
  • developing metalanguage for explaining the relationship between languages and cultures and for describing intercultural communication in different contexts, for example, discussing the need to apply distinctions such as तू जा, तुम जाओ, आप जाइए, आप जाइएगा or using forms of language to show respect or status

  VCHIC046 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIU053

  Reflect on their own use of Hindi, English and other languages or dialects for different social purposes, and recognise that they sometimes mix and switch between languages

  Elaborations

  • creating individual language profiles, explaining which languages or dialects they use in their family, social and community lives
  • recognising that language use among bilingual/multilingual speakers varies according to ethnicity, age, profession or social status and to the context of use
  • reflecting on the different role of elements such as gestures, body language and the use of space or silence when they are using different languages
  • reflecting on the impact on their lives and on their sense of identity of speaking more than one language
  • reflecting on how they use language differently in interactions across different contexts, and how these differences help to signal social roles and relationships
  • sharing examples of how they sometimes mix and switch between languages when they are speaking to each other

  VCHIU053 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHIU054

  Reflect on how communities’ ways of using languages are shaped by values and belief systems, and how these may be differently interpreted by speakers of other languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that people ‘read’ intercultural communication in different ways depending on their own cultural perspectives, and recognising the validity of different perspectives and questioning notions of ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ ideas
  • noticing ways in which the Hindi language reflects values and traditions of Indian communities, for example, understanding concepts such as सत्संग, घूँघट
  • reflecting on how different languages and cultures represented in the classroom influence ways of talking or acting in social, physical and temporal environments, for example, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander relationships with place, language and culture; the concept of non-linear time expressed in Hindi कल, परसों, the concepts of अहिंसा and कर्म
  • identifying Australian values and traditions such as informality, mateship and loyalty that resonate in particular words, expressions or behaviours that may be misunderstood by others, for example, ‘bring a plate’, ‘fair dinkum’, ‘mate’

  VCHIU054 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture