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• VCELY195

  Reread student's own texts and discuss possible changes to improve meaning, spelling and punctuation

  Elaborations

  • adding or deleting words on page or screen to improve meaning, for example adding an adjective to a noun
  • reading own work aloud to listen for grammatical correctness: checking use of capital letters, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks
  • checking for inclusion of capital letters and full stops
  • identifying words which might not be spelt correctly
  • beginning to use dictionaries and classroom charts to check and correct spelling of less familiar words

  VCELY195 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Writing | Literacy

• VCESU160

  Understand that the Spanish language constantly changes due to contact with other languages and the impact of new technologies

  Elaborations

  • investigating how media, digital technologies and popular culture have influenced the Spanish language, for example, tuitear, email, correo, electrónico, chatear, textear, bloguear, rapear, rapero, un , un selfie
  • discussing why the Spanish language borrows particular words from English and other languages, for example, chofer, carné, tenis, golf, corner, kiwi and parking, smartphone, link
  • identifying Spanish words and aspects of lifestyle absorbed into English (‘fiesta’, ‘rumba’, ‘tapas’), and considering the reasons for the adoption of particular words or expressions
  • understanding that Spanish shares a history and many similar words with other languages for example, English, French, Italian, Portuguese, Tagalog/Filipino and Rumanian
  • understanding that some languages are growing and adapting, while others (such as indigenous languages across the world, including some in Spanish-speaking countries) are endangered, disappearing, reviving, or blending with stronger languages

  VCESU160 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCFRU034

  Understand that languages change over time and influence each other, and that French has influenced many languages, including English

  Elaborations

  • considering differences in how groups of people communicate, such as younger or older people, girls and boys, and how new words and expressions are constantly being invented or borrowed from other languages
  • collecting French words used in English (for example, le restaurant, le café, le chauffeur, le ballet, le croissant), and comparing how they are pronounced by French and English speakers
  • discovering some of the English words used by French speakers (for example, le coach, le blog, l’Internet, le football, le corner, le burger, le denim), and considering if they are the same kinds of words as those borrowed from French into English
  • exploring how languages mix with each other to invent new words or expressions, for example, le franglais, le texto
  • ‘finding French’ at home or in the community to create a class collection or display, for example, French products, labels or words used in English language advertisements, shop signs, recipe books or menus

  VCFRU034 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCFRU052

  Understand that the French language is constantly changing due to contact with other languages and to the impact of new technologies and knowledge

  Elaborations

  • investigating influences on the French language of major community languages in France such as Arabic (for example, le toubib, le bled, kif-kif), Italian (for example, le fiasco, bravo, espresso) or Chinese, (for example, le ginseng, le tai-chi, le litchi)
  • understanding that French, like all languages, is constantly expanding to include new words and expressions in response to changing technologies, digital media and intercultural experiences, for example, skyper, googliser, le courriel, photophoner

  VCFRU052 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCGGC057

  Identify and describe the features of places at a local scale and how they change, recognising that people describe the features of places differently

  Elaborations

  • recounting Aboriginal Dreaming stories and/or Legends of the Torres Strait that identify the natural features of a place
  • using observations and/or photographs to identify changes in natural, managed and constructed features in their place. For example, recent erosion, revegetated areas, planted crops or new buildings

  VCGGC057 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGK145

  Environmental, economic and technological factors that influence environmental change and human responses to its management

  Elaborations

  • identifying human-induced environmental changes, such as water and atmospheric pollution, loss of biodiversity, degradation of land, inland and coastal aquatic environments, and evaluating the challenges they pose for the sustainability of environmental functions
  • evaluating the concept of ecosystem services and the importance of these services for sustainability of biodiversity
  • discussing whether environmental change is necessarily a problem that should be managed
  • proposing geographical management strategies for the environmental change being investigated, for example, establishing reserves and corridors to preserve biodiversity (a spatial strategy), ecosystem-based management (an environmental strategy), urban planning to reduce energy consumption (a spatial strategy), and addressing the underlying as well as immediate causes of environmental change (holistic thinking)
  • applying the concept of place to explain the variety of strategies and solutions to similar environmental changes in different places

  VCGGK145 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Environmental change and management

• VCGGK147

  Causes and consequences of an environmental change, comparing examples from Australia and at least one other country

  Elaborations

  • using the concept of a system to examine the interconnections between biophysical processes and the human actions, and their underlying causes, that generate environmental change, together with the consequences of these changes
  • evaluating the effects of the environmental change on the sustainability of the environment

  VCGGK147 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Environmental change and management

• VCHHC029

  Explore their perspective on how things have changed from past and present in their daily life

  Elaborations

  • using images to explore their life and key milestones and reflect on what has changed in their life
  • investigating daily life today and in the past through images and exploring what is the same, different, good and bad
  • exploring what different class members think has changed in their daily life

  VCHHC029 | The Humanities | History | Level C | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCHHC103

  Analyse the causes and effects of significant events that caused change and/or a decline over the period

  Elaborations

  • identifying and explaining the causes and effects of conflicts on Ancient Rome using a fishbone
  • analysing the multiplicity of causes and effects of decline of Ancient Greece and rank according to their significance
  • organising causes and effects of Viking Conquests on subject peoples using a graphic organiser
  • differentiating between intended and unintended causes and effects of the crusades
  • categorising the long-term effects of the Black Death at the end of the Medieval period, including labour shortages, peasant uprisings, the weakening of feudal structures, and increased social mobility and drawing conclusions about the severity of the Black Death and it causing the Renaissance period

  VCHHC103 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Cause and effect

• VCHHC097

  Sequence significant events in chronological order to analyse the causes and effects and identify continuities and changes

  Elaborations

  • analysing and evaluating the theory that people moved out of Africa around 60 000 BC and migrated to other parts of the world, including Australia
  • placing historical events in sequence in order to identify broader patterns of cause and effect and continuity and change, for example, the Polynesian expansion across the Pacific; the stability of the Angkor/Khmer Empire over many centuries
  • defining and using terms such as BC (Before Christ), AD (Anno Domini), BCE (Before Common Era), and CE (Common Era); BP (Before Present) prehistory (before the period of textual recording) and history (the period beginning with named individuals and textual recording)

  VCHHC097 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Chronology

• VCHHC087

  Explain the significance of an event and an individual or group that influenced change in the Australian colonies and in Australian society since Federation

  Elaborations

  • investigating an event and explain its impact on Australian life, for example, Australian soldiers land at ANZAC Cove
  • creating ‘what if’ scenarios by constructing different outcomes for a key events

  VCHHC087 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical significance

• VCHHC098

  Describe and explain the broad patterns of change over the period from the Ancient to the Modern World

  Elaborations

  • using the evidence for the emergence and establishment of ancient societies, including art, iconography, writing tools and pottery
  • describing key features of ancient societies, for example, farming, trade, social classes, religion, rule of law
  • explaining the transformation of the Roman world and the spread of Christianity and Islam
  • explaining key features of the medieval world, for example, feudalism, trade routes, voyages of discovery, contact and conflict
  • locating the major trading routes, including the Mediterranean; the Silk Road; the sea route between China, India and the east coast of Africa, and the Columbian Exchange, on a map and identifying the nature of the trade/contact, for example, slaves, spices, silk, glassware, spread of knowledge and diseases along the Silk Road
  • explaining the emergence of ideas about the world and the place of people in it by the end of the period, for example, the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

  VCHHC098 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Chronology

• VCHHC069

  Identify and describe continuity and change over time in the local community, region or state and as a result of the effects of European exploration

  Elaborations

  • investigating the establishment of a local community such as 'How did people settle?' 'Who were they?' 'Why did they come to the area?'
  • investigating the contribution that individuals and groups have made to the development of the local community
  • identifying the origins of place names in Australia, for example, those named by French explorers and Aboriginal place names

  VCHHC069 | The Humanities | History | Levels 3 and 4 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Continuity and change

• VCHHK142

  Effects of World War I, with a particular emphasis on the changes and continuities brought to the Australian home front and society

  Elaborations

  • examining the effects of World War I in Europe such as the Treaty of Versailles, end of empires, economic and environmental destruction, loss of life, Spanish flu, new technologies, emergence of liberalism
  • graphing the proportion of Australian servicemen who died during World War I, compared to that of other countries involved in the war
  • explaining the effects of World War I, with a particular emphasis on Australia, such as the use of propaganda to influence the civilian population, the changing role of women, the conscription debate
  • investigating examples of the war’s impact on Australia’s economy and society, for example, the development of the steel industry in Newcastle and the implementation of the War Precautions Act 1914
  • identifying the groups who opposed conscription, for example, trade unionists, Irish Catholics, and the grounds for their objections
  • studying the first and second referenda on conscription, including the division within the Labor Party over this issue
  • explaining the treatment of people of German descent during the war, for example, their classification as ‘enemy aliens’ and placement in internment camps, as well as their depiction in government propaganda

  VCHHK142 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Australia at war (1914 – 1945): World War I

• VCHHK156

  Continuity and change for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in securing and achieving civil rights and freedoms in Australia

  Elaborations

  • identifying areas, for example, education, health, work, that are the focus for continued civil rights action for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • investigating the legacy of children’s experiences in ‘care’ including their placement in orphanages, children’s homes, foster care and other forms of out-of-home care, and the significance of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990)

  VCHHK156 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Rights and freedoms (1945 – the present)

• VCHHK116

  The significant social, cultural, economic, environmental and political changes and continuities in the way of life and the roles and relationships of different groups in society

  Elaborations

  • Vikings
    • locating Viking lands in Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden)
    • describing the way of life of the Vikings, for example, living in a cold and harsh environment; the importance of farming and raids; the significance of honour in Viking warrior society
  • Medieval Europe
    • describing the structure of feudal society, for example, the role and responsibilities of the king, nobles, church, knights and peasants
    • using a selection of primary sources track changes to the way of life in medieval Europe across time or across locations
    • continuity and change in society in one of the following areas: crime and punishment; military and defence systems; towns, cities and commerce
  • Ottoman Empire
    • describing the way of life of people in the Ottoman Empire, for example, the role of the coffee house and bazaar or marketplace
    • using a selection of primary sources track changes to the way of life in the Ottoman Empire across time or across locations
    • explaining the power and responsibility of the Sultan to ensure that justice was served within society
  • Angkor/Khmer Empire
    • mapping the Khmer empire and its physical features and annotate how these significantly influenced everyday life
    • describing the way of life in the Khmer Empire through stone carvings and the writings of the Chinese Ambassador Zhou Daguan, for example, in relation to fishing, trading in markets, temple construction
  • Mongol Expansion
    • describing the nomadic nature of Mongol life and the rise of Temujin (Genghis Khan) who united all Mongol tribes in 1206 CE
    • describing the way of life in Mongolia and its incorporation into Chinese life, for example, agriculture (domestication of animals such as horses, camels and cattle), food (dried meat and yoghurt), and housing (yurts)
  • Japan under the Shoguns
    • describing the way of life in feudal Japan under the shoguns, for example, ‘bushido’, the chivalric code of conduct of the samurai that emphasised frugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honour
    • explaining reasons why the Shogun increased power
    • describing the relationship between the emperor, shogun, daimyo (lords) samurai (warriors), workers (for example farmers, artisans and traders)
  • Polynesian Expansion
    • describing the way of life in one Polynesian society, including social, cultural, economic and political features, such as the role of the ariki in Maori and in Rapa Nui society (Easter Island)
    • investigating the way of life of Easter Island society (Rapa Nui), for example, fishing by the men, links between the household and the extended clan through the exchange of goods, wives, and labour; the use of stone tools
  • Renaissance Italy
    • examining the way of life in Renaissance Italy (social, cultural, economic and political features) and the roles and relationships of different groups in society
    • mapping the political city states on the Italian peninsula. Annotate their significance
    • describing the way of life of people in Renaissance Italy, for example, the role of men in tending the fields or merchant shops,
    • explaining the influence of government in particular city-states, for example the monarchy of Naples or the Florentine republic
  • Spanish Conquest
    • describing pre-Columbian life in the Americas, including the social organisation of the Aztecs, (for example, nobility, slaves), their beliefs (for example, worship of a number of gods and the need to make human sacrifices to appease these gods), life in the capital city Tenochtitlan

  VCHHK116 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Middle Ages and early exploration

• VCHHK137

  Different experiences and perspectives of non-Europeans and their perspectives on changes to society, significant events, ideas, beliefs and values

  Elaborations

  • Australia
    • investigating sources that record the reactions of new arrivals to other countries in this period, for example, responses to the natural environment and climate
    • investigating the experiences of a specific group of arrivals to Australia, for example, convicts in Sydney, Hobart, Brisbane or free settlers in Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth or Darwin
    • describing the impact of this group on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of the region
    • investigating the differing views of pastoralists and gold miners and how they influenced Victoria
    • examining the experiences of non-Europeans in Australia prior to the 1900s, such as the Japanese, Chinese, South Sea Islanders, Afghans
    • outlining the migration of Chinese to the goldfields in Australia in the nineteenth century and attitudes towards the Chinese as revealed in cartoons, for example, the Mongolian Octopus
  • Asia
    • analysing Commissioner Lin Zexu’s letter to Queen Victoria before the outbreak of the First Opium War 1839-42
    • analysing the ideas that influenced the perspectives of the Society of Righteous Harmonious Fists, Yi He Tuan (The Boxers)
    • comparing and contrast different perspectives about the effect of European colonisation of India or China or Indochina
    • analysing different perspectives of the Russo-Japanese War 1904-05

  VCHHK137 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Australia and Asia

• VCHHK148

  Effects of World War II, with a particular emphasis on the changes and continuities brought to the Australian home front and society

  Elaborations

  • categorising and organizes the effects of World War II, with a particular emphasis on the Australian home front, including the changing roles of women and use of wartime government controls such as conscription, manpower controls, rationing and censorship
  • investigating the effects of World War II at a local and national level, for example, significant events such as the bombing of Darwin, the Japanese submarine attack on Sydney, the sinking of ships off the Australian coast, the ‘Battle of Brisbane’, the Cowra breakout and the Brisbane Line

  VCHHK148 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Australia at war (1914 – 1945): World War II

• VCHHK130

  Causes of population movements and settlement patterns during this period and the significant changes to the way of life of groups of people

  Elaborations

  • describing the growth of cities as men, women and children moved to the cities to find employment
  • using photographs to investigate changes to the cities and landscape in European countries and Australia as the Industrial Revolution continued to develop
  • mapping the movement of peoples in the transatlantic slave trade or in convict transportation to Australia
  • explaining the role of the Industrial Revolution in creating a growing need for labour and transportation
  • evaluating the effects of the movement of peoples on the indigenous and immigrant populations

  VCHHK130 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1914)

• VCHHK096

  Significant contributions of individuals and groups, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and migrants, to changing Australian society

  Elaborations

  • examining population data that show the places of birth of Australia’s people at one or more points of time in the past and today
  • investigating the role of specific cultural groups in Australia’s economic and social development, for example, the cattle industry, the Snowy Mountains Scheme, the pearling industry
  • considering notable individuals in Australian public life across a range of fields, for example, the arts, science, sport, education, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, a range of cultural and social groups

  VCHHK096 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation