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• VCEBR011

  Examine the ways consumers and producers respond to and influence each other in the market, particularly through price mechanism

  Elaborations

  • investigating how consumers rely on businesses to meet their needs and wants
  • identifying and creating a list of who is involved in the market system in Australia
  • explaining the influence of buyers and sellers on prices and how markets enable the distribution and allocation of resources, including examining how businesses answer questions of what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce
  • examining how businesses respond to the demands of consumers, such as preferences for healthy options, environmentally friendly packaging or organic food
  • considering how consumers might influence producers in other countries to provide goods and services, such as those in the Asia region
  • describing how goods and services are produced

  VCEBR011 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCITU132

  Compare and contrast aspects of communication and the relationship among languages used in the ecology of languages in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander Languages, Asian languages and world languages

  Elaborations

  • analysing examples of Italian used in the Australian context (for example, by compiling a record of language observed in the community, noting the contexts or domains in which these occur), and comparing own observations with others’
  • discussing the choices made by bilingual users of language about which language to use when, and the influences on such choices
  • researching the changing nature of languages in contemporary Australia, and considering how it relates to issues such as migration

  VCITU132 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCECD007

  Explore how apparently wrong actions can sometimes lead to good outcomes and the reverse

  Elaborations

  • using examples to show how an act could lead to good or bad outcomes, or both, such as an act of generosity (for example sharing lunch, helping a friend with homework, providing welfare) or selfishness or greed; or an act of apparent duty (for example keeping a promise or being respectful, or honest)
  • evaluating the consequences of responses to problems and whether these were intended or foreseeable, for example, playing a prank on someone
  • researching changes of opinion before, during and after a development in the local community

  VCECD007 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCASFU050

  Understand that the starting point of a clause gives prominence to the message, that clauses can be linked equally or unequally with conjunctions and connectives, and that signers can show as well as tell about an event to provide more detail

  Elaborations

  • recognising that quantifiers such as FEW or THERE are also types of adjective signs
  • recognising that some adverbs modify adjectives, not verbs, for example VERY and that these modifications to adjectives can also be expressed with NMFs, for example changes in mouth patterns and movement of signs can intensify adjectives, for example, RED -_really, PLEASED -_really, TALL -_really
  • distinguishing between the citation form of a sign and the adverbial NMF overlaid and what meaning each part carries, for example: MAN SPRINT (base form), MAN SPRINT_-fast (manner added)
  • recognising how conjunctions such as PLUS, IF or BUT are used to join clauses and create cohesion
  • recognising that clauses can be linked equally, for example:
    STUDENT BORED, TRY FOCUS
    The student was bored and tried to focus.
    
  • or unequally, where one clause depends on another, for example:
    I-F BORED, OPEN-BOOK READ
    If you are bored, read a book.
    
  • recognising that the element of a clause that a signer wants to focus on most in Auslan is sometimes moved to be signed first and that this process of topicalisation involves particular NMFs
  • noticing that word order within a clause is freer in Auslan than in English and that parts of a clause can be signed simultaneously, making it hard to establish word order
  • realising that in many clauses signers ‘tell’ with fully-lexical signs at the same time as ‘show’ with DS, CA and other gestural elements
  • recognising that some nouns are not signed overtly in a clause, for example in the clauses below, the noun (the swimmer) is given in the first clause but not repeated in the second
    PRO2 SWIM DETERMINED SWIM, NOT WIN
    You swam really hard but you didn’t win.
    

  VCASFU050 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Turkish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use spoken and written Turkish to initiate and sustain social interactions and to reflect on their experiences. They exchange ideas on topics such as Türkiye’ye ilk ziyaret, Avustralya’ya ilk geliş and offer and justify opinions, for example, Sana kat...

  Level description | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• VCVIC181

  Translate and interpret texts for different audiences and contexts, and explore how cultural concepts, values and beliefs are represented differently in Vietnamese and English

  Elaborations

  • viewing English-language films with Vietnamese subtitles (and vice versa), evaluating the effectiveness of the translations and explaining associated cultural aspects
  • reading short texts and excerpts from a range of informative, personal and literary texts, identifying cultural elements and reflecting on how they are encoded differently in Vietnamese and English, for example, the use of family terms, titles and terms of address (cô, chú, anh, chị, em)
  • analysing and discussing similarities and differences and cultural influences in common Vietnamese and English idiomatic expressions, for example, Có chí thì nên = ‘Where there’s a will there’s a way’, Đừng có trông mặt mà bắt hình dong = ‘Don’t judge a book by its cover’, đẻ bọc điều = ‘To be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth’, Dạy con từ thuở còn thơ = ‘Strike while the iron is hot’
  • translating written expressions associated with politeness and social behaviours in Vietnamese, for example, opening and closing of formal/informal letters with phrases such as Kính thưa giám đốc, Ba mẹ kính yêu/Bạn thân mến/Em yêu, Thân/Thân mến/Thương mến/Thân chào/Trân trọng kính chào, and comparing them with standard expressions in English, such as ‘Dear …’, ‘Yours sincerely/faithfully’, ‘Kind regards’/‘Regards’
  • experimenting with translating idiomatic expressions and proverbs as well as a range of short texts that involve cultural elements, exploring how to convey meaning and cultural significance in Vietnamese and English, and recognising that the translation of expressions, idioms and proverbs requires both literacy skills and cultural knowledge to mediate between languages
  • translating a range of texts, such as advertisements, speeches, songs, and story or film extracts, and examining the appropriateness of translation for specific audiences and contexts

  VCVIC181 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• Hindi - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students initiate, sustain and extend a range of spoken and written formal and informal interactions about young people’s interests, behaviours and values, for example, आप कब वापस आये?, आप के जीवन में सुखी जीवन को व्यतीत करने के क्या उपाय हैं?तुम्हारे विचार में संयुक्त...

  Level description | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCNRU067

  Recognise that the language being studied has evolved, that changes have occurred through the ages, and consider factors that have influenced this change

  Elaborations

  • understanding that there may be different forms of the written language being studied, used in different contexts dating from the ancient world to today
  • recognising that meanings of particular words and expressions can originate from earlier times

  VCNRU067 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCDSTC034

  Investigate how forces or electrical energy can control movement, sound or light in a designed product or system

  Elaborations

  • deconstructing a product or system to discover how movement, sound or light can be controlled, for example deconstructing a torch or buzzer and exploring circuit design
  • investigating the properties of materials to solve problems requiring the control of movement, sound or light, for example directing light through a maze using mirrors
  • investigating how biomimicry can be used by engineers and designers, for example the ways plant and animal adaptations can be copied to solve human challenges, for example the Japanese building Sendai Mediatheque based on seaweed-like tubes
  • recognising the need to carefully plan and select components for a system to perform a specific task
  • producing models using materials, tools and equipment to show how to control movement, sound or light in structures, for example the design of a house with passive solar; the use of optical fibre in directing sunlight; acoustics of recording studios
  • investigating the technologies in a control system for an identified need or opportunity and user, for example a system that allows safe passage at pedestrian crossings

  VCDSTC034 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Technologies Contexts | Engineering principles and systems

• VCICCB005

  Compare their own and others cultural practices, showing how these may influence the ways people relate to each other

  Elaborations

  • comparing the expression of common concepts or human experiences in a range of cultural settings, for example, life milestones and celebrations, learning from older family/community members, demonstrating an emotion
  • exploring rules or expectations within the school or classroom, for example, raising a hand before asking a question, using manners or wearing a uniform, and discussing how these may help foster a culture of respect for other students and teachers
  • researching a cultural practice, for example Japanese origami, or a cultural artefact, for example a kilt, and asking students to explain the significance to other students
  • discussing aspects of Australian culture that might seem ‘strange’ from another perspective, such as eating kangaroo or having an outlaw as a national hero, and contrast with other cultural practices that students may find ‘strange’, such as the Spanish practice of eating twelve grapes at New Years Eve

  VCICCB005 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Cultural Practices

• VCEBR001

  Describe the difference between needs and wants and explain why choices need to be made

  Elaborations

  • listing all the items individuals would like to have and categorising these items as a need or a want
  • explaining why individuals cannot have all the items they want and therefore must make a choice (scarcity)
  • discussing whether one person’s need is another person’s need or want

  VCEBR001 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 5 and 6 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• Turkish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use spoken and written Turkish to initiate, sustain and extend interactions with peers, teachers and others in a range of contexts and for a range of purposes. They exchange ideas, opinions and aspirations, for example, Türkçe öğretmeni olmak istiyorum.

  Level description | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCDEC176

  Engage with a variety of imaginative texts, analysing the main ideas, values and techniques, and discussing issues and themes, using evidence from the texts to support their views

  Elaborations

  • expressing emotional or aesthetic responses to a range of digital and other texts, such as short stories, poems, cartoons, films and songs, and identifying how mood is created and narrative is developed through language and expression
  • identifying and commenting on techniques and linguistic choices which build action, develop character and position the reader, using modelled descriptive and analytic language
  • comparing lyrics, themes and styles of popular German- and English-language songs, and tracking similarities and differences in genres and modes of expression, for example, by comparing winners of popular television singing competitions in Europe and Australia
  • investigating popular films, books or computer games in German and English to identify common themes and issues in contemporary imaginative texts
  • analysing an imaginative text for the descriptive language and literary devices used in reference to a character, place or event to consider how they are portrayed

  VCDEC176 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCHPEP019

  Express their feelings, needs, likes and dislikes

  Elaborations

  • learning to indicate their basic needs, including being hungry, tired, or needing the toilet
  • learning appropriate language and actions to communicate their feelings in different situations
  • matching basic feelings of 'happiness' and 'sadness' to an event or facial expression
  • learning and using strategies to persist until they are successful

  VCHPEP019 | Health and Physical Education | Level B | Personal, Social and Community Health | Communicating and interacting for health and wellbeing

• VCCCTQ045

  Challenge previously held assumptions and create new links, proposals and artefacts by investigating ideas that provoke shifts in perspectives and cross boundaries to generate ideas and solutions

  Elaborations

  • investigating changes to scientific understanding over time, including how new discoveries helped to shift understandings and considering how existing understandings might be shifted in the future
  • discussing how challenging assumptions and being open-minded can assist in developing enterprising behaviours, supported by research on specific entrepreneurs
  • investigating how food myths and fads have been challenged and community perspectives shifted, when planning a community health initiative
  • exploring change in scale as a way to shift perspective, for example beginning with asking ‘what if we could only buy and eat food grown locally’ and then asking ‘what if we could only buy and eat food grown regionally/nationally’ as part of a process for generating suggested responses to improve food security or mitigate an environmental challenge

  VCCCTQ045 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCASFU234

  Explore connections between language, identity and cultural practices, values and beliefs and the expression of these connections in Auslan

  Elaborations

  • recognising that people from different places and backgrounds may use different languages and have ways of living and communicating that differ from their own
  • appreciating that culture and cultural difference means that people may value different things or live differently, noticing observable examples of such difference, such as ways of greeting (bowing versus shaking hands) or conveying information (through words versus signs)
  • exploring how deaf people live in ways that may be different from how hearing people live and that they are primarily visual, for example by responding to stimulus questions such as How do deaf people ensure they can always see other people who are signing?
  • recognising the importance of facial expression, eye gaze and non-manual features in conveying information in a visual-gestural language and culture
  • exploring the nature of culture as an essential part of human life, understanding that it is shared, passed on between generations and is closely connected to language and identity
  • understanding that culture is more than the visible aspects of people’s lives; that it also includes invisible elements such as beliefs and values, how people think about themselves and others, how they relate to their social and physical environments; and considering how this understanding applies to users of Auslan
  • recognising that in each culture there are general rules for what to say and do, when, where and with whom, and that these rules differ from culture to culture, for example, the Deaf culture places greater importance on eye contact than cultures that communicate through spoken languages
  • identifying the importance of signing space and proxemics in Auslan, particularly in relation to a person passing between two signers, or to the positioning of communication partners
  • recognising that shared experiences shape cultural values in Auslan as in other cultures, for example the experience of deaf children being excluded from family and social discourse during dinner table conversations or social events gives rise to the value placed in the Deaf community on ensuring inclusivity and sharing information with each other
  • recognising the importance of community and culture in relation to their own lives and communities and in relation to other language groups and their communities
  • recognising the role of the Deaf community and its networks and significant places in maintaining, reflecting and strengthening Auslan and Deaf culture

  VCASFU234 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VC2M5A02

  find unknown values in numerical equations involving multiplication and division using the properties of numbers and operations

  Elaborations

  • using knowledge of equivalent number sentences to form and find unknown values in numerical equations; for example, given that 3 × 5 = 15 and 30 ÷ 2 = 15, then 3 × 5 = 30 ÷ 2, and therefore the solution to 3 × 5 = 30 ÷ □ is 2
  • using relational thinking, and an understanding of equivalence and number properties to determine and reason about numerical equations; for example, explaining whether an equation involving equivalent multiplication number sentences is true, such as 15 ÷ 3 = 30 ÷ 6
  • using materials, diagrams and arrays to demonstrate that multiplication is associative and commutative but division is not – for example, using arrays to demonstrate that 2 × 3 = 3 × 2 but 6 ÷ 3 does not equal 3 ÷ 6; demonstrating that 2 × 2 × 3 = 12 and 2 × 3 × 2 = 12 and 3 × 2 × 2 = 12; and understanding that 8 ÷ 2 ÷ 2 = (8 ÷ 2) ÷ 2 = 2 but 8 ÷ (2 ÷ 2) = 8 ÷ 1 = 8
  • using materials, diagrams or arrays to recognise and explain the distributive property, for example, where 4 × 13 = 4 × 10 + 4 × 3
  • constructing equivalent number sentences involving multiplication to form a numerical equation, and applying knowledge of factors, multiples and the associative property to find unknown values in numerical equations; for example, considering 3 × 4 = 12 and knowing 2 × 2 = 4, then 3 × 4 can be written as 3 × (2 × 2) and, using the associative property, (3 × 2) × 2 so 3 × 4 = 6 × 2 and so 6 is the solution to 3 × 4 = □ × 2

  VC2M5A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 5 | Algebra

• VCESC173

  Identify significant people, places, events and influences in own and others’ lives and explain why they are important to their sense of identity

  Elaborations

  • mapping own linguistic and cultural profile, for example, by creating a chart, timeline or web profile to highlight formative elements and influences, such as family languages, key relationships and intercultural experiences
  • preparing a biographical account of an influential figure in own life, including such information as the person`s values and the significance and influence of the person in own life
  • considering how identity is expressed through language, with reference to languages spoken by themselves, their peers, and family or community members

  VCESC173 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCNRU085

  Understand that language, culture and communication are interrelated and shaped by each other, and recognise how this influences attitudes and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • collecting examples of the language being studied in the local landscape, for example, in particular parts of the city such as market places, exhibitions or cultural events, and discussing the influence and significance of the language and culture in Australia today
  • recognising the importance of learning and using different languages in order to access the cultural practices, values and beliefs of others
  • analysing and describing how language use and culture are interrelated and reflect and shape relationships, practices and attitudes across communities who speak the language being studied

  VCNRU085 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• English: Level 8 achievement standards - Speaking and Listening

  Students listen for and identify different emphases in texts, using that understanding to elaborate upon discussions. They understand how the selection of language features can be used for particular purposes and effects. They explain the effectiveness of language choices they use to influence...

  Level description | English | Level 8 | Speaking and Listening