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• VCSSU061

  Earth’s rotation on its axis causes regular changes, including night and day

  Elaborations

  • modelling the relative sizes and movement of the Sun, Earth and Moon
  • describing timescales for the rotation of the Earth
  • constructing sundials and investigating how they work

  VCSSU061 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCTRU050

  Understand that the Turkish language has evolved and developed through different periods of influence from other languages, cultures and changes

  Elaborations

  • identifying loan words and phrases used in particular domains, such as food, music or social media, discussing how the Turkish language and associated behaviours reflect contemporary and global influences, for example, the use of web sitesi, rap yapmak, fast food, part time, single
  • understanding causes and effects of historical developments and reforms to the Turkish language, such as changes implemented under the leadership of Atatürk and changing the script from Arabic to Latin in 1928
  • understanding that languages constantly expand to include new words and expressions, due to influences such as changing technologies, digital media and intercultural exchange, for example, e-posta, yazıcı, tarayıcı, çevrimiçi; and that they sometimes lose terms or expressions which have no relevance to current contexts, such as karatahta, telgraf, arzuhalci
  • identifying how loan words are incorporated into Turkish by changing the spelling to fit Turkish pronunciation and the principles of great vowel harmony, for example, mektup, kalem, sandalye, polis

  VCTRU050 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCTRU033

  Recognise that languages change over time and that Turkish language is influenced by and also influences other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • understanding that Turkish, like all languages, changes over time, for example, in the spelling and pronunciation of certain words, such as alma/elma, ana/anne, karındaş/kardaş/kardeş, cevap/yanıt, tabiat/doğa
  • recognising differences in language use across generations, for example, by comparing words and expressions used by their grandparents and parents, such as sabah şerifleriniz hayırlı olsun, with some of their own expressions, such as günaydın
  • finding English words used in Turkish, such as web sitesi, Twitter, tişört and blucin, considering differences between these and the types of Turkish words used in English
  • identifying loan words from other languages, for example, tren, doktor, baklava, çikolata, sıfır, şeker, tiyatro, balkon, discussing why particular kinds of words are more likely to be adopted

  VCTRU033 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIU016

  Recognise the dynamic nature of the Vietnamese language and how it has changed over time through interaction with other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • recognising that many Vietnamese words are borrowed from other languages such as French, for example, ba lê (‘ballet’), cà phê (‘café’), da-ua (‘yaourt’), căn-tin (‘cantine’) and gara (‘garage’), and particularly from Chinese, for example, hoàng thượng/sư phụ
  • identifying and explaining changes in contemporary language practices and social behaviours, for example, using less formal language (such as chào/thưa or chào/kính thưa) and gestures (such as nodding head or shaking hands instead of bowing head and folding arms) when greeting family members and friends rather than strangers
  • recognising and understanding new and borrowed words, phrases and concepts that have been created or incorporated as a result of contact with other cultures, for example, kimono, koala, sushi, pizza, mì Ý (pasta), bánh mì kẹp thịt (hamburger), thức ăn nhanh (fast food)
  • recognising the influence of English language and culture on own Vietnamese language use, including writing Vietnamese names in the English way (Lan Nguyen instead of Nguyễn Thanh Lan); using or mixing English with Vietnamese in daily interactions, such as Bạn làm homework chưa? Sorry! Thank you.

  VCVIU016 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHU078

  Explain the dynamic nature of the Chinese language and how changes over time are influenced by local and global contexts and cultures

  Elaborations

  • recognising traditional characters encountered in the local Chinese community and making note of the simplified character version
  • exploring examples of types of simplifications and ways of associating traditional characters with known simplified forms, for example, whole simplifications (为-為), part substitutions (汉-漢) and half simplifications (说-說)
  • exploring the role of code-switching by Chinese speakers, including the use of acronyms and English words, and how Chinese authorities are trying to limit the use of these terms in the media

  VCZHU078 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHU095

  Identify traditional phrases and contemporary terms in everyday language use and the role of technology in changing the way people communicate

  Elaborations

  • discussing contexts where 繁体字 and 简体字 are used in Chinese-speaking communities today and exploring the use of these scripts as an expression of local identity, for example, in Hong Kong and Taiwan, or in local temples, signs and newspapers
  • understanding the nature of and reasons for the simplification process by analysing and comparing characters in both systems (简体字 and 繁体字), for example, 门-門;国-國;这-這
  • appreciating the role of myths, legends and 成语 in contemporary language use, for example, reading texts containing 成语, such as 井底之蛙，画龙点睛 within 成语故事, and discussing their intended meaning, and the cultural importance of classical language employed in contemporary contexts
  • discussing how languages influence each other, for example, how foreign concepts are represented in Chinese; interpreting the meanings of transliterations such as 可口可乐, translations such as 热狗, and hybrid forms such as 因特网
  • noticing the use of English phrases and sentences in Chinese interactions (for example, 拜拜, or a few lines of English in a Chinese pop song), and discussing the reason for the ‘code-switching’

  VCZHU095 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Japanese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use formulaic and modelled language in classroom interactions to carry out transactions and to share or convey information about daily routines, activities and events, using time expressions such as まい日、ときどき. They ask and respond to questions in familiar contexts...

  Level description | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• VCAMUE041

  Manipulate combinations of the elements of music in a range of styles, using technology and notation to communicate music ideas and intentions

  Elaborations

  • manipulating sound sources and technology to suggest or replicate style
  • experimenting with and comparing how elements of music are used to communicate musical intentions in traditional, digital and graphic scores and charts, from different styles
  • using varied traditional and invented notation and technology to document compositions and indicate their intentions for how performers should interpret the work
  • interpreting how changes in instrumentation and orchestration affect the interpretation of this piece

  VCAMUE041 | The Arts | Music | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCCCTR039

  Examine how to select appropriate criteria and how criteria are used in clarifying and challenging arguments and ideas

  Elaborations

  • examining arguments for and against a proposal such as changes to the law related to compulsory wearing of a bike helmet and clarifying whether each argument uses the same or different criteria and how this affects the ability to meaningfully compare the arguments
  • comparing the clarity of ideas formed with and without criteria and discussing their usefulness, for example comparing the quality of feedback that would be received against given criteria with an open response
  • identifying considerations that influence selection of criteria, such as considering the nature of the “horror” genre when identifying criteria to compare works within the “horror” genre

  VCCCTR039 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning

• VCCCTM031

  Investigate how ideas and problems can be disaggregated into smaller elements or ideas, how criteria can be used to identify gaps in existing knowledge, and assess and test ideas and proposals

  Elaborations

  • identifying smaller elements within a design brief and constructing a plan for each element
  • discussing the aims and parameters of an inquiry as a basis for developing criteria to identify gaps in existing knowledge for example a time period or geographical scale

  VCCCTM031 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Meta-Cognition

• VCDEC146

  Engage in intercultural interactions, describing aspects of language and culture that are unfamiliar or uncomfortable, and discussing own reactions and adjustments

  Elaborations

  • observing how language use reflects politeness and the closeness of social relationships, such as different levels of formality through the use of du/ihr/Sie, and familiarity with friends, for example, nicknames (Spitznamen) and various uses of diminutives (-chen, -lein)
  • noticing the use of and evaluating whether or not to adopt German expressions such as exclamations (Ach so! Echt!), and gestures such as indicating approval with ‘thumbs up’ (comparing with the use of one thumb to indicate the number ‘one’) and ‘applauding’ by rapping knuckles on the table
  • reflecting on how own cultural etiquette and behaviour such as gestures affect interactions and may be interpreted, for example, noticing similarities and differences in body language when interacting with people from German-speaking countries (shrugging, nodding one’s head)
  • noticing own reaction (level of comfort/discomfort) to different cultural practices such as asking Wie geht’s? and not expecting a detailed response about health and current medical conditions
  • recognising aspects of own language use that reflect own cultural perspective and experiences, for example, references to climate and environment, animals, activities and routines such as chores, and celebrations and events

  VCDEC146 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCELY091

  Review choices made during shared construction of personalised multimodal texts during shared review

  Elaborations

  • using the delete button when editing own typing
  • making suggestions on what can change during a shared editing session, for example image, sound clip from a selection of options

  VCELY091 | Curriculum content | English | Level C | Writing | Literacy

• VCNRU032

  Understand that the context and purpose of interactions influence language choices

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between formal and informal language in social interactions
  • examining culturally appropriate phrases for different purposes
  • recognising how the purpose of interaction, for example, command or invitation, can change the emphasis on words

  VCNRU032 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCECU006

  Discuss the ways to identify ethical considerations in a range of problems

  Elaborations

  • considering questions such as ‘does this matter and why?’, ‘is this about something where the outcome can be judged good, bad, right or wrong?’ for usefulness in identifying an ethical problem
  • identifying an ethical problem, such as whether to help a friend or stranger first and considering questions such as ‘Who is involved and how are they likely to be affected?’ and ‘Does this involve breaking a rule or other commitment?’
  • using if…then reasoning to identify possible consequences as an ethical consideration in a situation, for example, if animals thought to be cuter were protected ahead of other animals then…

  VCECU006 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding Concepts

• VCELY366

  Participate in and contribute to discussions, clarifying and interrogating ideas, developing and supporting arguments, sharing and evaluating information, experiences and opinions, and use interaction skills, varying conventions of spoken interactions according to group size, formality of interaction...

  Elaborations

  • using strategies, for example pausing, questioning, rephrasing, repeating, summarising, reviewing and asking clarifying questions
  • exploring personal reasons for acceptance or rejection of opinions offered and linking the reasons to the way our cultural experiences can affect our responses
  • recognising that closed questions ask for precise responses while open questions prompt a speaker to provide more information

  VCELY366 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCHPEP076

  Identify and practise emotional responses that account for own and others’ feelings

  Elaborations

  • recognising own emotions and demonstrating positive ways to react in different situations at home and at school
  • identifying the body’s reaction to a range of situations, including safe and unsafe situations, and comparing the different emotional responses
  • predicting how a person or character might be feeling based on the words they use, their facial expressions and body language
  • understanding how a person’s reaction to a situation can affect others’ feelings

  VCHPEP076 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 1 and 2 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Communicating and interacting for health and wellbeing

• VCHPEP125

  Examine barriers to seeking support and evaluate strategies to overcome these

  Elaborations

  • examining scenarios to highlight how emotions, dispositions and decision making can affect help-seeking outcomes
  • collaborating with peers to suggest strategies they could use in emergencies, at home, at school or in the community
  • practising different communication techniques to persuade someone to seek help
  • exploring help-seeking scenarios young people encounter and sharing strategies for dealing with each situation
  • demonstrating basic first-aid principles and strategies
  • proposing ways to support others who are going through a challenging time

  VCHPEP125 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 7 and 8 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VCLVU145

  Recognise that different words and language forms are used to address and communicate with people according to relationship and context

  Elaborations

  • noticing that different forms of address and kinship terms are used depending on the relationship between participants
  • recognising that the way someone is related to others affects how he or she speaks to them
  • recognising that ways of speaking vary according to context and situation, for example, language used when interacting with peers during playground games is different to that used with the teaching team and with visiting respected community members
  • recognising that language used in particular interactions can vary between cultural contexts, for example, the use of titles in English compared to kin categories in the language

  VCLVU145 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCSSU058

  Different living things have different life cycles and depend on each other and the environment to survive

  Elaborations

  • making and recording observations of living things as they develop through their life cycles, for example, insects, birds, frogs and flowering plants
  • recognising that environmental factors can affect life cycles, for example, fire and seed germination
  • investigating the roles of living things in a habitat, for example, producers, consumers or decomposers
  • predicting the effects when living things in feeding relationships are removed or die out in an area

  VCSSU058 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• Auslan - First Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students extend their grammatical knowledge to a range of forms and functions that give them control of more complex elements of text construction and sign formation. They have a greater degree of self-correction and repair. This greater control of language structures and systems increases confidence...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence