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• VCKOU146

  Understand and use key grammatical forms and structures such as basic pronouns and case markers and the polite verb ending –어/아요 in own simple language production, and recognise politeness embedded in humble or honorific forms such as 저 and –(으)세요

  Elaborations

  • constructing sentences with an –어/아요 ending on topics of personal interest in simple structures withsupport such as scaffolding, modelling or cues and in meaningful contexts, for example, 저는 사과를 먹어요
  • using –(으)세요 for different types of sentences (such as statements, questions, requests or commands) and recognising the honorific meaning embedded in −세−
  • using 저 and 나 to refer to self and understanding different contexts where they are used
  • using a structure, a noun or pronoun + a case marker/particle (–은/는, –이/가, –을/를, –에, –도) as a set phrase, for example, 저는, and understanding differences in meanings
  • understanding that 이게, 저게 and 그게 refer to objects without naming and that they are subjects in sentences, for example, 이게 뭐예요?
  • asking simple questions about a person, object or number using a basic question word such as 누구/누가, 무엇/뭐 or 몇, for example, 지금 뭐 해요? 누구예요?

  VCKOU146 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VC2M2M02

  identify common uses and represent halves, quarters and eighths in relation to shapes, objects and events

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating how food items can be cut in halves, quarters or eighths; for example, cutting pizzas, slices, cakes or sandwiches into equal parts by halving, then halving again to form quarters and eighths, ensuring that the parts are equal
  • investigating cup and spoon measures used in cooking and discussing what half or quarter of a cup or tablespoon measure means, and using sand or water to compare these to the full cup and tablespoon measures
  • demonstrating and using halves and quarters in folding activities; for example, folding paper in half and quarters and ensuring that the pieces are the same size
  • recognising that halves and quarters can be used to describe lengths, positions and distances; for example, describing the halfway point in a race or instructing someone to stand halfway between 2 chairs
  • discussing that halves and quarters are used to describe durations of time, including durations of time in sporting events, and what this means; for example, discussing how the sirens used during an Australian Rules football game represent quarter time, half-time and three-quarter time during the game, or recognising and using half an hour or quarter of an hour to describe a duration of time

  VC2M2M02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 2 | Measurement

• VCTRC023

  Engage with imaginative texts such as stories, puppet shows, songs or dance, identifying favourite elements and acting out key events or interactions

  Elaborations

  • using movement, facial expressions and actions to interpret meaning in texts such as Karagöz ve Hacıvat or Nasrettin Hoca, identifying key messages, morals and amusing moments
  • acting out elements of classic texts narrated by the teacher, such as Şirin Kız ve Üç Ayı, İki İnatçı Keçi, using facial expressions and actions to mirror emotions and emphasise meaning
  • participating in group recitals of poems on special occasions such as Mother’s Day, national days, religious and cultural celebrations
  • participating in shared and guided reading of texts such as cartoons, poems, fairytales and fables, responding to questions about characters, ideas and events
  • responding to words of songs through movement and dance, for example, Ah benim turnam, Yeşil başlı turnam ..., Pazara gidelim...
  • responding to traditional songs and folk music such as halay, çiftetelli, Silifke’nin yoğurdu, for example, by using wooden spoons to mark rhythm and creating and narrating their own versions of the dance

  VCTRC023 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating

• VCTRU114

  Understand and apply features of the Turkish sound and writing systems, including pronunciation and spelling patterns, to produce different types of texts and to participate in extended interactions

  Elaborations

  • recognising and applying the vowel elision rule to suffixes of multisyllabic words, understanding how this is related to the spelling and pronunciation of words, for example, oğul-oğlu, burun-burnu, beyin-beyni, göğüs- göğsü and karın-karnı
  • using homophones such as gül, yüz, dolu, yaz, kır, ekmek, Pazar, ben, aç and çay in spoken and written texts, and learning how homophones affect meaning in sentences and in familiar idioms, for example, Gülü seven dikenine katlanır, Güle güle gidin and Gülmekten kırılıyordum
  • developing understanding of and applying the principles of word stress when pronouncing unfamiliar words and phrases, for example, stressing the first syllable of each word in the sentence Atatürk, cumhuriyeti kurdu
  • developing a glossary of ICT terms and meanings, and using these in their own sentences and texts, for example, bilgisayar, fare, yükleme/indirme, ağ, e-posta, biligisayar korsanı, yazıcı and aktarma
  • varying the use of tone for emphasis during extended interactions and to contribute to the cohesion of longer spoken texts

  VCTRU114 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC085

  Express opinions about imagined characters and events seen and heard in contemporary media and performances, and create own portrayals of characters using gesture, action, stress, and modelled phrases

  Elaborations

  • watching segments of texts in Chinese, such as popular music videos from various sources of media, and expressing personal opinions, for example, 我觉得…很有意思
  • performing Chinese songs and experimenting with rhythm, voice, emotion and gesture to convey the intended sentiment and meaning of songs and rhymes and enhance performance
  • comparing stories and characters in both Chinese and Australian popular media, and exploring themes and topics that interest young people from different cultural backgrounds, such as 澳大利亚的年轻人也很喜欢看动作片。成龙很有名
  • creating short plays or skits and taking on roles in imagined scenarios such as visiting or hosting a Chinese friend, a shopping experience or a fashion show
  • assuming the role of a young Chinese person in the performance of a play about, for example, celebrating Chinese New Year
  • creating and performing a rap about learning Chinese, experimenting with voice, gesture and action to convey different emotions and attitudes, including use of word stress to alter the way meaning is expressed and interpreted, for example, exploring the implications of expressing 不要 with varying degrees of volume and emphasis

  VCZHC085 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC211

  Summarise and compare factual information about people, places and lifestyles drawn from a range of sources, including multimodal sources

  Elaborations

  • viewing reports on news and current affairs programs to develop an overview of events and discuss the responses of individuals and groups to issues and events such as a threat to public health or safety, environmental pollution, or rapid urbanisation
  • listening to and viewing texts such as celebrity interviews, news reports and documentaries on tourist hot spots, and obtaining the gist by focusing on familiar, anticipated items in a flow of words, for example, names of people and places, time and date, attitude and opinions
  • listening to and viewing interactions and noting the different opinions and ideas of different participants, focusing on key words and non-verbal cues to identify feelings
  • using dictionaries and other resources to interpret key words, for example, identifying the likely meaning of 七夕 in the sentence 农历七月七日是七夕
  • identifying important ideas and interpreting implied meanings in texts, recognising possible bias when judging the value of information
  • using listening strategies appropriate to a range of purposes, including listening for specific information, listening for key ideas, listening for overall understanding, or listening in order to repeat information to others
  • presenting opinions using strategies suited to the audience or reader’s expectations, such as 欲扬先抑 (to criticise before praising)

  VCZHC211 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC098

  Correspond with peers and teacher, exchanging ideas, negotiating decisions and inviting others to participate in collective action

  Elaborations

  • corresponding with others via social networking sites, exchanging personal information and requesting information, for example, 你是哪国人？你喜欢学习汉语吗？
  • sharing information about life in diverse environments, expressing ideas with elaborated details to enhance meaning and engage readers, for example, 今天太冷了，只有零下五度，还下雪，只能在家呆着
  • sharing opinions about school or family life, including 我的学校，我的老师，我的好朋友， 我的一家人, and linking ideas to explain and support a particular position or view, for example, 我的姐姐不但喜欢音乐，而且也很喜欢体育, 我除了踢足球以外，还打板球。我觉得运动很有意思
  • reading promotional material on topics such as healthy eating, and creating similar texts in Chinese to convey the meaning to Chinese readers, for example, 每天吃五份蔬菜，两份水果
  • identifying unacceptable behaviours at school and devising a set of posters or signs in Chinese to remind people of school expectations, for example, 爱护花草，请安静， 可回收物/不可回收物，关闭手机

  VCZHC098 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHU220

  Organise and express complex ideas in Chinese, for example, analysing and comparing active and passive sentence constructions

  Elaborations

  • organising information in a range of ways, and discussing the logical flow of the information and whether it suits the audience’s reading expectations, for example, comparing 目前陆地上的煤，石油等资源 由于长期开采，已经越来越少 and 由于长期开采陆地上的资源，比如煤和石油，目前已经越来越少
  • analysing the subtle differences between expressions with similar meanings conveyed using, for example, 除了…也 and 除了…都 and 虽然 and 尽管
  • exploring the particular functions of key grammatical forms and their correct context of use, for example, distinguishing between the uses of 的、 得、 地 and 可以、能、会
  • employing more complex syntactical features to enhance their own meanings, building on current knowledge, for example, making comparisons, expressing sequence, expressing cause and effect
  • using particular discourse features to extend and elaborate their own message, for example, 除此之外、尽管这样、同样

  VCZHU220 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU223

  Explore the significance of tradition in 名人名言 and 经典 and examine contemporary influences on language use

  Elaborations

  • reading texts in traditional characters on familiar topics and inferring meaning of key characters
  • predicting the meaning of texts in traditional characters encountered in everyday contexts by relating the character’s simplified version, for example, 匾 in a tourist site
  • discussing the influences on their own Chinese language use (for example, from TV, family or Chinese school) and how their language use compares to that of their parents and other Chinese speakers
  • analysing how new words and concepts are developed and incorporated into daily use, for example, in contemporary media such as TV dramas, music and film
  • exploring samples of classical texts such as 《论语》 and recognising the impact of classical Chinese on contemporary written language, for example, the use of 岂， 于
  • listing famous quotes from traditional literature, such as famous lines from poems, and using these in their own writing
  • identifying examples of 成语 in writing by students of Chinese, discussing the effect of this usage and then identifying any errors made, such as in the sentence 我要休息一下，要不然有个三长两短就不好了

  VCZHU223 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHU044

  Form sentences to express details such as the time, place and manner of an action and to sequence ideas

  Elaborations

  • developing knowledge of metalinguistic terminology, discussing, for example: What is the plural form? How do we know it’s plural when reading in English? Can we tell when we read a Chinese word?
  • recognising that in Chinese, verbs convey tense without verb conjugation, for example, explaining why 有 can mean ‘have’, ‘had’ and ‘will have’
  • comparing the use of tenses in English and Chinese, for example, how future tense is often expressed through time phrases in Chinese (我明天去北京，下个星期去上海)
  • identifying the use of adverbial phrases, and extending understanding of sentence structure using subject–time–place–manner–verb–object, for example, 我星期一上学。我在墨尔本上学。我走路上学
  • examining the clauses of a sentence in Chinese and noticing how they are linked coherently, for example, 他叫王晓明，(他) 是我的朋友 (i.e. no subject/pronoun)
  • applying processes of discourse development, including joining (也、 和), contrasting (但是) and sequencing (就) information
  • using alternative language to clarify intended meaning, for example, saying 我不胖不瘦 when they don’t know the phrase 中等身材

  VCZHU044 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU095

  Identify traditional phrases and contemporary terms in everyday language use and the role of technology in changing the way people communicate

  Elaborations

  • discussing contexts where 繁体字 and 简体字 are used in Chinese-speaking communities today and exploring the use of these scripts as an expression of local identity, for example, in Hong Kong and Taiwan, or in local temples, signs and newspapers
  • understanding the nature of and reasons for the simplification process by analysing and comparing characters in both systems (简体字 and 繁体字), for example, 门-門;国-國;这-這
  • appreciating the role of myths, legends and 成语 in contemporary language use, for example, reading texts containing 成语, such as 井底之蛙，画龙点睛 within 成语故事, and discussing their intended meaning, and the cultural importance of classical language employed in contemporary contexts
  • discussing how languages influence each other, for example, how foreign concepts are represented in Chinese; interpreting the meanings of transliterations such as 可口可乐, translations such as 热狗, and hybrid forms such as 因特网
  • noticing the use of English phrases and sentences in Chinese interactions (for example, 拜拜, or a few lines of English in a Chinese pop song), and discussing the reason for the ‘code-switching’

  VCZHU095 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCADAE034

  Develop their choreographic intent by applying the elements of dance to select and organise movement

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with different elements of dance to explore ideas and develop a choreographic intention for example, translating rhythms and notations of spatial patterns into movement
  • improvising and then selecting movement to best communicate a choreographic intention, for example, a mood or emotion
  • exploring movements that may have symbolic meaning in a social or cultural context, for example, communicate a specific idea by developing a recurring movement idea or motif
  • using questions to analyse how choreographers select and organise movement to communicate choreographic intent, for example, the cultural context in which the dance was developed or viewed, and its significance, or the stylistic differences in street dance performances from different countries or regions across Asia, Europe and the USA

  VCADAE034 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADRD036

  Develop and refine expressive skills in voice and movement to communicate ideas and dramatic action in different performance styles and conventions

  Elaborations

  • developing and refining vocal qualities of audibility, clarity and contrast through control of pace, pitch, dynamics and use of pause and silence
  • developing use of performance techniques and conventions relevant to selected performance styles, for example, refining use of the body to communicate through movement and stillness, and through realistic and non-realistic movement; and exploring ways to transition between scenes
  • employing voice and movement appropriate to situation and manipulating space and time in dramatic action to heighten tension, focus action and shape meaning in a scripted drama
  • developing techniques to engage an audience, for example, by expressing and experiencing character relationships through vocal dynamics and tone, eye contact, proximity and space

  VCADRD036 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 7 and 8 | Drama Practices

• VCADRE029

  Explore dramatic action, empathy and space in improvisations, play-building and scripted drama, to develop characters and situations

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with empathy to develop characters and relationships in drama including considering perspectives, exploring responses and challenging stereotypes
  • exploring physical, fictional and emotional spaces to create characters and situations and imagined feelings, for example, considering questions such as ‘How is the voice, movement, gesture and the body used to represent a character, situation or idea?’
  • manipulating dramatic action and use of available technologies to create different meanings
  • comparing different ways improvisation and scripted drama create characters and action, and evaluating drama from other cultures including considering how they can use specific techniques relating to voice, movement, situation, space and time, and tension in their own work

  VCADRE029 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 5 and 6 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADRE025

  Explore ideas and narrative structures through roles and situations and use empathy in their own improvisations and devised drama

  Elaborations

  • exploring and experiencing a range of roles and situations that they initiate and develop
  • making improvisations that explore issues and ideas using empathy
  • using elements of drama such as voice, movement, situation, time and place, and tension and the principles of stories to shape improvisations to communicate their intentions as drama makers
  • experimenting with tension, and creating dramatic meaning to sustain improvisations and process dramas
  • discussing how ideas and situations are developed in drama they see, for example, how did the drama begin, develop and conclude?, ‘How are elements of drama such as role, situation, time and place part of the action?, ‘How is the dramatic tension developed?’

  VCADRE025 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 3 and 4 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADRP015

  Present drama that communicates major elements of stories and/or experiences

  Elaborations

  • perform in a simple drama/play
  • demonstrate acceptable audience behaviour in the classroom and when attending school functions
  • explore or re-enacting cultural or community story with the assistance of representatives from the community
  • rehearsing and performing sequences of ideas to communicate stories through drama
  • exploring viewpoints related to meaning and interpretations: For example – What do you want your audience to think about your drama? What did this drama make you think about? How did you feel when making/watching the drama?
  • exploring evaluations: What did you like best in the drama? Why?

  VCADRP015 | The Arts | Drama | Level D | Present and Perform

• VCADRP023

  Present drama that communicates ideas, including stories from their community, to an audience

  Elaborations

  • presenting scenes in which they apply story structures to set the scene, link action and create an ending, such as re-telling a cultural or community story with the assistance of representatives from the community
  • following cues and using voice and movement to link action, ideas and stories in their drama
  • considering meanings and interpretations when rehearsing and performing sequences of ideas to communicate stories through drama, for example, ‘what do they want the audience to think about their drama?
  • enhancing ideas and stories in their drama by using available software and technologies, for example, using a mobile device to add sound effects to a performance

  VCADRP023 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 1 and 2 | Present and Perform

• VCAMAE034

  Develop media representations to show familiar or shared social and cultural values and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • investigating different viewpoints and making decisions about how they will represent a theme, concept or idea, considering media conventions and genres
  • manipulating combinations of technical and symbolic elements such as composition, time, space, sound, movement, lighting, to represent ideas and feelings in their media artworks
  • discussing and documenting their choices of representation to strengthen meaning in their media artworks
  • discussing the different intentions of media artists and the influence of media artworks on different audiences, for example, how ideological or political perspectives are used to engage particular audience
  • exploring media artworks that provide different ideas and concepts based on viewpoints and institutional practice, for example, the depiction of cultural groups and social values in Australian film and television

  VCAMAE034 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Represent Ideas

• VCAMAR038

  Analyse how technical and symbolic elements are used in media artworks to create representations influenced by genre and the values and viewpoints of particular audiences

  Elaborations

  • analysing stereotypes, looking at what features have either been omitted or exaggerated in a media artwork
  • investigating the use of character types in fictional representations in comedies, to see how selected features allow for quick communication
  • deconstructing a magazine cover explaining how each of its elements, for example, font, masthead and positioning of imagery, contribute to the overall reading
  • analysing a still image on the basis of photographic composition, image effects, and framing, and how they influence meaning, for example, images representing different cultural groups or ethnicities in Australian society, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

  VCAMAR038 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Respond and Interpret

• VCARC160

  Create and present imaginative texts, including multimodal and digital texts, such as songs, poems, plays, stories or video clips, involving fictional characters, events and contexts, to entertain different audiences

  Elaborations

  • creating cartoons, plays or short stories to share in class about an imagined experience in their own life or a dream for the future
  • illustrating own imaginative stories in print, visual or digital formats, such as captioned photo stories
  • composing and performing imaginative texts for the school community, through role-plays, raps and video clips, using expressive language and movement to illustrate meaning and to entertain
  • creating modified versions of traditional Arabic stories and films, such as علاء الدين والمصباح السّحري, by introducing new characters or contexts or alternative endings

  VCARC160 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating