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• VCZHC165

  Express opinions about how popular imaginative texts, including poems and 故事, reveal important cultural values

  Elaborations

  • describing how emotions, attitudes or intentions of a performer, author or character are conveyed through language, and analysing how emotions (for example, happiness, sadness, homesickness) are expressed in popular songs or TV programs
  • viewing popular TV programs designed for Chinese youth, sharing individual responses or reactions to forms of Chinese entertainment, and comparing features of performance across cultures
  • understanding how music, imagery and stereotypical representations of people, places and practices are used in contemporary youth media to influence audience responses
  • exploring regional and generational influences on popular culture of the Sinophone world (such as 港台流行歌曲； 港片), and identifying different concepts of ‘beauty’ in different eras, for example, 60年代流行…, 70年代流行…
  • comparing features of performance in different media (such as radio, television and online videos), and discussing how entertainment is changing with technology
  • producing creative texts in response to literary texts such as 《某某后传》, reflecting the literary styles and methods identified in such texts
  • reading a range of imaginative texts from other cultures, keeping a reading journal (读书笔记) to record understanding and own responses, and participating in class discussions about texts such as 《小王子》 and 《安徒生童话选》
  • discussing themes and meanings of traditional texts, including classical poems (for example,《静夜思》，《春晓》，《咏鹅》) and stories, fables and legends ( for example, 《孔融让梨》、《井底之蛙》、 《铁杵磨针》

  VCZHC165 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC055

  Translate texts for different audiences varying the language to explain key points for these different audiences

  Elaborations

  • identifying the challenges of translating some concepts (for example, ‘descendant of dragon’, 龙的传人), and developing strategies to overcome these challenges, for example: What is lost in translation? Why can’t we just translate word for word? Why does context matter?
  • translating short phrases or texts, noting culture-specific words and phrases and discussing alternatives, equivalence or non-equivalence
  • discussing reasons for producing different versions of texts for different audiences
  • describing the impact of subtle differences in language use and the way meanings are implied rather than explicitly stated, for example, the use of 吧 to indirectly reject or refuse others in 我能来看看你吗？ --- 不太好吧？
  • avoiding literal (word-for-word) translations when trying to convey the intended meaning, for example, mediating a response to a compliment such as 你的衣服真漂亮。 ---- 哪有啊?
  • reading bilingual signs in places such as restaurants, shops, pools, schools, hospitals and construction sites (for example, 出口 — ‘exit’, 入口 — ‘entrance’), determining the effectiveness of the English translations and analysing possible reasons for such interpretations
  • comparing word choices for warnings across languages, and discussing ways language is used to convey rules, expectations and permission, for example, comparing 闲人免进 to ‘Staff Only’
  • exploring a range of dictionaries, including online translation tools, and considering how these tools help or hinder in Chinese learning

  VCZHC055 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRU098

  Recognise and use key elements of Turkish grammar, such as word order, positions of adjectives, adverbs and postpositions and sentence structures, recognising how grammatical forms and functions are represented through agglutination

  Elaborations

  • understanding and responding to instructions by learning the subject–object–verb word order in simple and complex statements, imperatives and questions, such as Ali topu attı, Ali topu al ve at! and Ali topu Tarkan dan sonra bana atar mısın?
  • learning the conditions that apply to the use of familiar and formal second person singular forms -n and -n(ı)z, for example, yemeğin hazır, yemeğiniz hazır and second person pronouns, sen and siz as well as different honorifics, such as Teyze/Amca, Hanım/Bey, as in Serren Teyze and Doktor Hanım
  • using a range of common interrogative word endings and pronouns, for example, Haftada kaç kez … yapıyorsun? … hakkında ne düşünüyorsun? Lütfen kendinizi bize tanıtır mısınız? Bu sayfayı mı okuyacaktık? Bunu nasıl yapacağız? Tekrar eder misiniz?
  • recognising and using a range of common compounds such as çevre kirliliği, geri dönüşüm, Türk halıları in different sentences
  • recognising common idiomatic expressions and proverbs, for example, samanlıkta iğne aramak, kulak misafiri olmak, Bir lisan, bir insan, Bir elin nesi var, iki elin sesi var
  • recognising passive voice endings in simple instructions, for example, mektuba hitap ile başlanır, elektronik mesajda kısaltmalar kullanılır
  • applying the rule of great vowel harmony when adding nominal case endings -(e), -(i), -d(e), -d(e)n to different nouns, such as ev-e, ev-i, ev-de, ev-den
  • understanding and recognising simple verb tenses, using negation and affirmation and suffixes to form simple and compound sentences, for example, biliyorum/bilmiyorum, okur/okumaz, uyudu/uyumadı, geleceğim/gelmeyeceğim, gitmiş/gitmemiş
  • recognising and using appropriate endings and sentence structures for subject–verb agreement in simple and compound sentences, for example, Taylan yemeğini yedi, Defne yemekten sonra ödevini yaptı ve uyudu
  • recognising and using verbal conjugations and nominal declensions through common noun- and adjective-forming suffixes, such as -(a)l as in san-al, -(a)y as in dene-y, -(a)k as in sol-ak and kur-ak, -(c)a as in çocuk-ça, binler-ce, İngiliz-ce, güzel-ce, -(d)aş / (d)eş as in kar-deş, -(h)ane as in hasta-hane -(ç)ı as in kebapçı, simitçi, eskici
  • using a range of adjectives, adverbs and postpositions to describe actions, places and people, for example, mavi köşkte, Kısa saçlı biriydi, Çok dikkatli yürü, Dün sabah geldi, learning the correct written form of suffixes, for example, using the written form geleceğim and alacaksın instead of the spoken and colloquial use of predicates gelcem, alcan; using the correct spelling geliyorum instead of geliyom
  • building metalanguage to talk about grammar, using terms such as bağlaçlar, özne ve yüklem uyumu, -de/-da ekler, ilgi zamiri -ki, edatlar
  • understanding and using the conditional marker -s(e) and/or the word eğer in compound sentences, for example, Eğer kitap okursan hayal gücün gelişir

  VCTRU098 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC154

  Initiate and sustain interactions with others by expressing and exchanging opinions on topics of interest, and maintain relationships through apologising, inviting or praising

  Elaborations

  • initiating conversations, including face-to-face and virtual conversations, by asking peers about personal interests, for example,

    هل تحب المأكولات العربية؟ ما هو طعامك المفضّل؟ أنا أيضاً أحب الوجبات السّريعة ؛ هل تريد أن تأتي معي إلى مطعم الوجبات السّريعة بعد المدرسة؟

    أمي طبّاخة ماهرة؛ تعال إلى بيتنا يوم السبت؛ هل تحب الذّهاب معنا إلى المنتزه/الحديقة؟

    أنا آسف؛ أمي لا تسمح لي. أعتذر ليس عندي وقت؛ سوف أسأل أبي. نعم؛ طبعاً؛ سوف أتّصل بأمّي أولاً.

    ممتاز!؛ هذا رائع!

  • developing and sustaining conversations with peers, including online or virtual conversations, on topics of interest, such as sport, games and music, for example,

    هل شاهدت أمس مباراة كرة القدم؟ برأيك من سيفوز بالكأس؟ من هو لاعبك المفضل؟ هل نزلت الّلعبة الالكترونية الجديدة إلى الأسواق ؟ إنها لعبة مسلّية. هل تُحبين الأغنية الجديدة ؟

  • exchanging information and opinions on a range of topics such as home, school, leisure and travelling, for example,

    هل تحب المنطقة التي تسكن فيها؟ لماذا؟ منطقتي جميلة وشارع بيتي هادىء؛ أبي يريد أن يشتري بيتاً جديداً وأنا لا أريد أن أترك بيتنا؛ أنا أحب بيتنا كثيراً؛ أريد ركوب الدّراجة ولكن ليس عندي خوذة. ما رأيك بلعبة كرة القدم؟ أنا أحب القراءة كثيراً؛ وأنت؟

  • expressing hopes and feelings, and describing personal plans for school holidays and the weekend, for example,

    في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع أحب أن أذهب إلى البحر لأن الطّقس سيكون حاراً؛ أتمنّى أن نسافر إلى كوينزلاند في العطلة المدرسية. أنا سعيد لأننا سوف نسافر في العطلة؛ في العطلة المدرسية سوف ألعب التنس كل يوم؛ يوم السبت القادم سأذهب إلى السينما مع إخوتي؛ يوم الأحد القادم سأذهب إلى السّوق مع أمي لأشتري حذاءً جديداً للرّياضة

  • using communication strategies such as apologising, inviting and praising when interacting in social situations, for example,

    عفواً؛ تفضل؛ أنت بنت ذّكية

  VCARC154 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC037

  Interact with people for different purposes, using descriptive and expressive language to give opinions, talk about themselves and show interest in others

  Elaborations

  • comparing personal experiences and opinions and expressing agreement or disagreement in a respectful manner, for example:
    AGREE YES or PRO1 AGREE
    Yes, I agree.
    PRO1 KNOW WHAT MEAN, BUT…
    I know what you mean, but …
    DOUBT
    I’m not sure
    AGREE-NOT
    I don’t agree …
    
  • using NMFs and eye gaze to gain, hold or finish a turn when communicating in pairs or groups
  • discussing school experiences or events, for example:
    THEATRE GOOD, LONG-_really
    I liked the theatre performance but it was soo long.
    SCHOOL SWIMMING RACE, GOOD BAD, PRO2 THINK WHAT?
    What did you think about the swimming carnival?
    
  • using interactional strategies such as paraphrasing, questioning and interpreting non-verbal cues when communicating with their peers or teacher
  • participating in online exchanges such as vlogs with deaf Auslan users in other contexts to discuss topics of shared interest, such as peer pressure or family expectations
  • exchanging views with their peers to identify values that they hold as important, for example, caring for the environment or providing support resources for the deaf community such as subtitles on TV/movies

  VCASFC037 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC181

  Interact appropriately with people in different contexts, sharing experiences, interests and opinions about current events or school and community experience

  Elaborations

  • using signs to agree or disagree on relevant topics, such as:
    AGREE YES HOMEWORK SHOULD
    Yes, I agree we should do homework.
    PRO1 KNOW WHAT MEAN, BUT….
    I know what you mean, but …
    PRO1 DOUBT
    I’m not sure.
    AGREE-NOT, PRO1 THINK…
    I don’t agree; I think …
    
  • participating in videoconferencing exchanges with deaf children or other Auslan students from another state to compare and contrast aspects of their school and learning experiences
  • contributing to online videoconferencing with other Auslan users to compare and contrast aspects of their school and learning experiences
  • using appropriate NMFs when turn-taking, for example:
    HOLD
    Hold that thought.
    QUICK INTERRUPT
    Can I just interrupt you quickly?
    WAIT….COME
    Can you just wait a moment … Right, what did you want?
    
  • clarifying meaning, for example by using fingerspelling to explain unfamiliar vocabulary, as in, PRO2 MEAN [fingerspell word]?
  • using appropriate protocols to join or leave conversations, for example, waiting for eye gaze or for the signer to finish and not asking for a full recount
  • engaging with deaf visitors from different groups and backgrounds and creating a vlog about the visits

  VCASFC181 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRC092

  Participate in collaborative activities such as performances and presentations that involve planning, making arrangements, transacting and negotiating

  Elaborations

  • collaboratively creating computer-generated designs such as a virtual ideal home or leisure centre, negotiating with each other in relation to different elements and priorities, for example, Moi, je voudrais une salle média immense…, ah non, moi je préfère un grand jardin
  • managing an allocated budget for online shopping, deciding on selected items and explaining choices, for example, le 2ème à moitié prix; 3CD à 15 €
  • creating displays, presentations or performances for family, friends or school community to showcase French learning
  • organising class events such as a vide-grenier/marché aux puces, preparing labels and prices, using transactional language (for example, c’est combien? un très bon prix, vente flash! non, c’est trop cher… une échange?...), and using imperative, declarative and interrogative verb forms to buy, sell or swap items
  • issuing, accepting and declining invitations, adjusting language to suit formal or informal contexts, for example, es-tu libre samedi prochain? je t’invite; je ne suis pas libre - c’est possible dimanche? j’ai le grand plaisir de vous inviter…
  • organising social or sports events, and planning location, date and time (for example, rendez-vous au Stade Central à midi; 19 h chez ma cousine; n’oublie pas ton sac de couchage), using aller + infinitive forms of verbs such as venir, arriver, partir and commencer, for example, nous allons partir à sept heures
  • making arrangements to cater for events such as celebrations or outings through spoken and written texts such as lists, phone calls, letters or emails, and estimating quantities, numbers and prices, for example, il me faut…, une trentaine de… ça coûte combien?

  VCFRC092 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCGRCE020

  Translate a range of texts that incorporate complex sentence structures and extensive vocabulary from Classical Greek into Standard English, representing the style and purpose of the texts

  Elaborations

  • reading holistically to deduce the context and content of Classical Greek texts, by identifying key words and phrases
  • applying expanded knowledge of vocabulary, grammar and problem-solving skills to translate compound sentences and complex sentences with nested clauses
  • conveying shades of meaning of a range of subtle vocabulary, for example, inferring the different connotations of a word in a particular context, such as δίκη
  • inferring the meaning of new words and expressions, using knowledge of the text type and the author’s purpose and technique, for example, ὁ λόγος (word, speech, argument, reasoning, story, computation)
  • expanding the variety of English translations for verb tenses or moods, for example, to express aspect in a command, παύου (general/ongoing) compared to παῦσαι (once)
  • deducing the meaning of new words, by drawing on prior knowledge, derivatives and connections with familiar words, for example, σαρκοφάγος, κακοδαίμων
  • recreating mood, tone and dramatic impact in English translations by selecting appropriate vocabulary, comparing and contrasting potential choices, for example, τύχη (chance, luck, fortune), συμφορά (event, circumstance, mishap, misfortune)
  • refining translations by exploring print and online Classical Greek and English dictionaries and thesauruses to consider a variety of meanings and synonyms
  • conveying emphasis and tone, such as indignation, anger or suspense, embedded in Classical Greek word order, for example, χρυσόν τε καὶ ἄργυρον φέρει ὁ Ὀδυσσεύς ἐν τῷ ἀσκῷ
  • translating complex sentence structures, such as subordinate clauses and indirect speech, for example, causal, purpose, result, indirect questions, commands, conditionals
  • rendering the precise meaning of tenses in Classical Greek into idiomatic English, for example, ἐλάμβανον/ἔλαβον
  • conveying the meaning of idiomatic expressions and culturally specific terms, for example, ἀρετή, δαίμων/δαιμόνιον/εὐδαιμονία, τα πρόβατα θόρυβον ποιεῖ, γλαύκ’Ἀθήναζε/γλαύκας εἰς Ἀθήνας, by choosing appropriate English terms and expressions
  • constructing and editing translations collaboratively with peers, using a range of ICT
  • correcting own translations to increase accuracy and better reflect register, tone and relationships
  • translating, independently or in collaboration with peers, unseen texts with compound or complex sentences, drawing on familiarity with the style and language of texts already studied

  VCGRCE020 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Translating

• VCKOC192

  Arrange and manage shared activities such as problem-solving and different types of transactions, adopting different roles to present diverse views and perspectives

  Elaborations

  • solving problems by explaining discoveries and results, discussing ideas, suggesting a range of options with specific information such as roles of participants, locations, time, methods and reasons, for example, 한국에 갔더니 아름다운 산이 아주 많았어요. 다음에 갈 때 같이 갑시다; 언제 …–겠어요?; 누가 …–(으)ㄹ래요?; 어떻게 …–(으)ㄹ계획이에요?; 왜 그렇게생각해요? 어디에서 …–(으)면 좋을까요?; 선생님께 여쭤 봅시다
  • planning and negotiating collaboratively in scenarios or events related to travelling or living in Korea, such as living with a host family, seeking medical treatment, or using transport, for example, 안녕히 주무세요/잘 자; 팔을 다쳤는데 병원에 가야 할까요?; 지하철을 타면 5시까지 도착할수 있을 거예요
  • comparing the quality of goods and taking action, for example, 이것이 저것보다 훨씬 더 신선해요. 그러니까 이것을 사요; 기차가 버스보다 더 편리하니까 기차로 가요
  • making complaints and recommendations, for example, 그 식당은 서비스가 친절하지 않으니까 가지 맙시다
  • sharing experiences and transactions, for example, 주말에 영화를 같이 보러 갈래요?; 무슨 영화가 좋아요?; 영화가 몇 시에 시작해요?; 입장권이 얼마 정도 해요?;비행기표를 겨우 샀어요; 하마터면 부산에 가지 못할 뻔했어요
  • planning shared events or activities, using online and digital forms of communication such as emails, chat forums and community websites, for example, intercultural components of 호주 한국 국제 영화제, 한국 문화원, 관광명소, 자매학교
  • presenting views and perspectives at real or simulated forums, protests or rallies to raise awareness of environmental, social or ethical issues such as 쓰레기 분리수거, 청소년 실업 문제, 환경보호 캠페인, 절약, 낭비, 지구 온난화, using language, for example, 쓰레기 분리수거에 대해서 …; 청소년실업 문제가 심각하다고 합니다 …; 호주에는 여름에 비가 자주 오지 않기 때문에 물을 아껴야 해요; 물을 절약하는 방법은…; 에너지를 낭비하면…; 깨끗한 환경 …
  • transacting for goods and services, considering concepts such as value, availability, competition and ethics, for example, 세 시 전에 출발하는 버스가 있어요?; 환경보호 캠페인에 참가하고 싶은데 누구한테 연락해야 해요?

  VCKOC192 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCVIC019

  Participate in planning and decision making for social and cultural events, negotiating options, explaining, justifying, solving problems and completing transactions

  Elaborations

  • participating in collaborative planning and decision making to organise actions and events such as group research, class excursions, school performances or social events, and negotiating options to reach agreement, for example, Lớp mình muốn đi tham quan viện bảo tàng hay sở thú? Chúng mình nên tham gia biểu diễn văn nghệ cho trường bằng cách hát hay múa? múa quạt hay múa nón? mặc áo dài hay áo bà ba? Bài hát này chậm quá, mình nên đổi qua bài hát ‘Mừng Xuân’ nghe vui hơn
  • raising an issue relating to the organisation of an event, such as not having enough space or doing too much cooking for parties at home, and negotiating a solution such as having a barbecue in the backyard, for example, Sao mẹ không làm sinh nhật cho ba ở nhà? Mẹ sợ nhà mình chật chội và mẹ không có thời gian nấu nướng. Vậy thì mẹ làm BBQ ở vườn sau đi, vừa có chỗ rộng rãi, vừa đỡ mất công nấu nhiều món
  • making transactions in authentic, simulated or online situations, such as purchasing clothing items or electronic devices or selecting electrical appliances with regard to energy efficiency, using rehearsed language for persuading, negotiating, bargaining, exchanging or returning goods, for example, Có thể giảm giá không? Tôi lỡ làm mất biên nhận rồi, có thể trả lại đồ được không? Tôi không thích màu đen, cô làm ơn đổi lại cái Ipad màu trắng cho tôi
  • participating in virtual scenarios related to travelling to Vietnam, such as booking, changing or confirming a flight, booking tours or accommodation, or exchanging currency, for example, Mỗi tuần có mấy chuyến bay đi Việt Nam? Tôi muốn đặt vé đi Việt Nam ngày 20 tháng 12. Xin hỏi tôi cần đặt cọc trước bao nhiêu tiền? Khi nào thì cần trả hết tiền? Khách sạn Quê Hương đây, xin hỏi quý khách cần gì ạ? Gia đình tôi muốn đặt hai phòng đôi cho bốn người, từ ngày 20 đến 27 tháng 12. Một trăm đô Úc đổi được bao nhiêu tiền Việt Nam?

  VCVIC019 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCVIC174

  Initiate, sustain and extend interactions with peers and adults, exploring own and peers’ perspectives on youth culture, future aspirations and social experiences

  Elaborations

  • sharing and discussing future plans, such as further study, career and travelling, in class and via online forums, for example, Bạn định chọn các môn học gì cho lớp 11-12? Mình định tiếp tục theo học tiếng Việt ở lớp 11-12. Còn bạn thế nào? Bạn thích làm nghề gì trong tương lai? Ba mẹ bạn có góp ý vào việc chọn nghề của bạn không?
  • sustaining interactions by extending the topic of discussion or elaborating on ideas for clarification or justification, for example, Bạn nói vậy có nghĩa là sao? Một nhà thiết kế thời trang giỏi thì cần phải có những yếu tố gì? Bạn nghĩ sao về ảnh hưởng của trò chơi điện tử đối với trẻ em? Muốn là bạn tốt thì nên thành thật với nhau vì có thành thật mới chơi với nhau lâu bền được
  • engaging participants through communication strategies such as showing empathy, for example, Mình hiểu/biết/rất thông cảm với bạn, or indicating agreement, for example, Bạn nói đúng lắm. Tôi cũng nghĩ vậy …
  • interacting with peers and adults at social events, for example, Tuần tới có chương trình ca nhạc Việt Nam hay lắm, bạn có muốn cùng đi xem với nhóm mình không? Cô chú thấy việc tổ chức đám cưới ở Úc khác với ở Việt Nam như thế nào?, and expressing opinions on social experiences, for example, Mình cũng như đa số các bạn trẻ ngày nay đều nghĩ rằng … Từ kinh nghiệm bản thân và của bạn bè, mình thấy rằng chúng ta nên cẩn thận khi sử dụng Internet

  VCVIC174 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC100

  Explore the concepts of identity, social groupings, relationships, community and place and space, and deaf people’s visual ways of being and negotiating these networks

  Elaborations

  • identifying themselves as members of different groups and describing their relationships with deaf, hard of hearing and hearing students, family members, the larger Deaf community and wider ‘hearing’ world
  • identifying and describing physical markers of identity among deaf people, such as the use of sign language and/or hearing devices such as hearing aids, cochlear implants and FM systems
  • creating a poster depicting their own family and labelling immediate and extended family members as deaf/hearing
  • identifying and discussing family names, given name/s and name signs for themselves and for others
  • exchanging views on how their individual biographies, including family origins, traditions, beliefs, communicative practices, interests and experiences, shape their sense of identity and impact on their ways of communicating
  • building an understanding of the concept of Deafhood and how each individual’s journey of identity development contributes to social relationships and to the formation of community, for example, by creating an individual identity map or a hand map
  • discussing visual ways of being, including interacting, transmitting and receiving information and behaving according to Deaf cultural values, and how these influence group learning and information sharing among Deaf people
  • investigating Deaf cultures around the world and how they shape visual ways of being, for example by considering how Deaf people from different countries and ethnic groups express shared group identity through practices such as gathering formally as a national or international community via opportunities such as Deaf film festivals; performing arts events, for example, Deaf Way; theatrical events; art exhibitions; or sporting events such as ADG, Deaflympics
  • responding to deaf people from different groups and backgrounds who visit and present about their education, families, social networks and sense of community/identity, for example by discussing similarities and differences between visitors’ reported experiences and their own lives
  • identifying the importance of place and space in the Deaf community, exploring why some places and spaces make deaf people feel comfortable or promote a sense of belonging, for example by identifying factors that make a classroom ‘Deaf friendly’, such as U-shape seating, minimisation of window glare/reflection, good lighting and acoustics, flashing lights, suitable interpreter location
  • identifying examples of deaf people’s visual orientation towards the world (‘people of the eye’), such as waving in space or using flashing lights to gain attention, visual applause
  • identifying their own stories, history, roles, responsibilities and links to the Deaf community and considering how these relate to their sense of identity
  • recognising that signed language is a birthright which establishes their identity with respect to the Deaf community and its traditions
  • viewing and creating accounts of their own and each other’s experience and roles in the Deaf community and identifying examples of the different ways of being deaf that they describe
  • discussing behaviour associated with cultural practices and traditions, for example, by discussing the concept of reciprocity as a manifestation of how community members share responsibility for each other’s wellbeing

  VCASFC100 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Identity

• VCASFC164

  Collaborate with peers to plan and conduct shared events or activities such as performances, presentations, demonstrations or transactions

  Elaborations

  • working collaboratively to plan a performance or presentation for a younger class, for example on aspects of Deaf culture or Auslan
  • expressing preferences in relation to roles and responsibilities in shared learning activities, using statements such as:
    PRO1 HANDWRITING PRO1 DON’T-LIKE RATHER TYPING
    I don’t like handwriting; I prefer to type it.
    PRO1 DON’T-WANT DRAW, PRO1 WANT TAKE-PHOTO++
    I don’t want to do the drawing; I’d rather take photos.
    
  • negotiating with a partner to prioritise or sequence tasks when planning a learning activity, using language such as:
    PRO2 THINK BEST THIS FIRST, FINISH, NEXT
    Do you think we should do this first and when that’s done, next
    THAT FIRST IMPORTANT THAT SECOND
    That’s more important than this.
    
  • organising activities such as excursions or talent shows, using expressions related to place, time and numbers, for example:
    THAT THEATRE WHEN WHAT DAY?
    What date is the show?
    HOW-MANY PEOPLE WILL DS:many-move?
    How many people will be there?
    
  • playing games that involve detailed information exchange, such as ‘Guess Who?’, asking for and supplying descriptions, for example:
    POINT HAVE GLASSES?
    Does yours have glasses?
    DON’T-HAVE
    No.
  • allocating responsibilities for the completion of shared tasks, such as following a recipe or building a model
  • carrying out simulated transactions in different contexts, for example, playing a ‘restaurant’ game, or a food shopping game

  VCASFC164 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRU081

  Analyse how grammatical elements, such as rules of agglutination and cohesive devices, impact on more complex elements of text construction and word formation, such as mood, register and tense variation

  Elaborations

  • analysing functions of affixation through the identification of adverbial, adjectival and noun phrases in Turkish idioms and proverbs
  • using compounds in different cases, for example, cep telefonları, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni, Ağrı Dağı’na, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun
  • learning about nominalisation to form complex words such as iş deneyimleri in a range of sentence structures
  • identifying how adverbs/determiners are used for describing people, places and objects in texts, for example, Çamaşırlar kar gibi beyaz oldu, turp gibi bir çocuk, Çocuk gibi ağladı, Buz gibi su içtim, İnci gibi dişleri var, saray gibi bir ev, pamuk gibi bulutlar
  • analysing how some adverbs derived from verbs and adverbial phrases can modify time and manner of action, for example, the adverb /-arak indicates whether the action expressed by another verb is taking place at the same time or before the action it denotes, for example, Koşarak geldi, gülerek gitti; adding the suffix –ce/-ca to the adjective as in dikkatlice and hızlıca
  • distinguishing the two different uses of de/-de as a suffix and as a conjunction, noting the impact on meaning if they are used inaccurately, for example, Araba da ev de İstanbul’da kaldı and Arabada ve evde sigara içmek yasaktır have totally different meanings
  • explaining different uses of the suffix -ki as a relative pronoun in relative clauses, such as Yunus’unkinden, benimki; as a locative suffix, yanımdaki and evdeki, for idiomatic use as in halbuki, mademki, oysaki; and as a conjunction meaning ‘who’, ‘which’ and ‘that’ as in görüyorum ki, biliyorum ki, tabii ki
  • analysing the use of optative endings -(y)eyim, -(y)elim, -(y)in and -sin in first person, for example, alayım, alalım, alın and alsın in different tenses and in sentences to express a request
  • distinguishing between the use of the simple past perfect -di, as in, geldi, gitti and the evidential past perfect tense -miş, as in gelmiş and gitmiş and uyuyormuş
  • comparing the use of the progressive form -(i)yor and the simple present -(i)r and past tense -d(i) of verbs that describe actions
  • understanding when to use formal and informal registers ın dıfferent contexts
  • using a range of complex and complex-compound sentences in different tenses, for example, Ali eşyalarını toplayıp, odasını temizledikten sonra yola çıktı, Ali yola çıkmadan önce eşalarını topladı ve odasını temizledi
  • analysing how a range of noun, verb and adjective endings, such as -daş, -lik and –cı,-li can be used to form new words, for example, tarayıcı, yoldaş, demlik, kirli

  VCTRU081 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARU030

  Expand spoken and written expression by extending grammatical knowledge of Arabic, including features such as conditional and subjunctive moods, embedded clauses, imperative, future tense and vocative case, and acquisition of vocabulary and expressions that are culturally embedded

  Elaborations

  • using سوف in addition to the present tense to express future plans, for example, سوف أذهب إلى الجامعة؛ سوف أسافر مع أهلي؛ سوف أشتري سيارة؛ سوف أعمل في مطعم
  • using the conditional mood as a formulaic expression, for example,

    لو: لو نجحت، سوف يشتري لي أبي محمولاً جديداً

  • understanding and using the conjunctions لكن to compare people and actions, expanding on their expression, for example, خالي غني لكن عمّي فقير؛

    أخي يلعب كثيرا لكن أختي تدرس دائم

  • using interrogative pronouns and expressions such as لماذا؛ لمَ؟ هل؟ to ask questions and make requests, for example,

    لماذا أحضرت الكرة معك إلى الصف؟ هل تقدر أن تعطيني القلم؟ لمَ تحب الموسيقى؟

  • expanding their knowledge of noun–adjective agreement through understanding and applying the irregular plural form, for example,

    بيت/بيوت كبيرة؛ كرسي/كراسي جديدة؛ كتاب/كتب قيمة؛ يوم/أيام جميلة؛ تلميذ/تلاميذ مجتهدون؛ معلمون ملتزمون

  • using expressions to indicate preference and compare, for example,

    هذا أقل من هذا؛ الكتاب أخف من الكرسي؛ العلوم أفضل من الرياضة

  • creating compound and complex sentences by using embedded clauses such asالكتاب المفضل لدي (والذي أحبه كثيرا) هو ...
  • understanding that Arabic uses the dual form of nouns, verbs and adjectives, in both masculine and feminine forms, for example,

    هذان كتابان جديدان؛ هاتان صديقتان وفيتان

  • understanding and applying indirect object pronouns and passive voice to express ideas objectively in texts such as articles and speeches, for example, أُنهيت المباراة سريعاً ؛ دُق الجرس متأخراً
  • using cohesive devices to sequence ideas, for example, في البداية؛ بعد ذلك؛ أخيراً
  • extending use of negative forms, for example, لن أتصل بك؛ لم أتأخر عن الدرس؛ ليس عندي وقت
  • using إلا to express exceptions, for example, أحب كل المواد إلا الرياضيات
  • describing people and objects using comparatives and superlatives, for example, رسمك جميل؛ رسم سامي أجمل من رسمي؛ رسم عدنان الأجمل
  • using elements of exaggeration and emphasis, for example,

    للمرة المليون أكرر هذه العبارة

  • using a range of irregular adjectives to describe number, shape and colour, for example, قميص أحمر؛ حقيبة حمراء؛ قلم أخضر؛ ممحاة خضراء؛ شكل مدور؛ مثلث؛ مربع؛ مستطيل
  • using singular and plural third person possessive pronouns to indicate relationships, for example, أصدقاؤهم كتابه؛ قلمها؛
  • using adverbial phrases to expand on ideas and provide further information related to feelings, attitudes and abilities, for example, متأخراً؛ باكراً؛ دائماً؛ مسرعاً
  • developing metalanguage to discuss grammatical features and to explain how word order, tenses and moods, adjectives and adverbs can be used to enhance meaning and expand expression
  • using imperative verb forms to persuade, encourage, and give advice, for example,

    لنذهب إلى المعلم ونسأله؛ هيا حاول مرة ثانية؛ ممتاز! أحسنت؛ تكلم مع سامر

  • using subjunctive mood to express doubt, uncertainty or emotion, for example,

    ربما نذهب إلى السينما يوم السبت ؛ قد أسافر في العطلة

  VCARU030 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFC219

  Communicate appropriately and clearly with the teaching team and peers using appropriate Auslan protocols for classroom interaction

  Elaborations

  • following classroom protocols specific to an Auslan context, such as:
    • responding to flashing lights and waving for class attention
    • tapping, pointing and waving for peer attention
    • maintaining eye gaze
    • back-channelling such as nodding
    • limiting the use of voice
    • maintaining a clear line of sight
  • following and using classroom language such as instructions for class routines, for example:
    PLAY GAME. PLEASE STAND UP
    We’re going to play a game; please stand up.
    LOOK-AT-_me PRO1
    Eyes to the front.
    PLEASE WITH-2++
    Please find a partner.
  • using language to facilitate clear communication, such as asking for help or permission, for example:
    PLEASE HELP-_me?
    Can you help me, please?
    G:HANDS-UP PLEASE PRO1 NEED TOILET
    Can I go to the toilet please?
  • showing agreement/disagreement, for example, respectful manner, for example:
    AGREE YES or PRO1 AGREE
    Yes, I agree.
    PRO1 KNOW WHAT MEAN, BUT…
    I know what you mean, but …
    DOUBT
    I’m not sure.
    AGREE-NOT
    I don’t agree …
  • indicating understanding, for example by nodding, or signing SURPRISE, or KNOW++
  • apologising and thanking, for example:
    THANK-YOU HELP-_me
    Thank you for helping me.
    SORRY PRO1 FORGOT
    I’m sorry; it was an accident.
  • asking for repetition or clarification, for example:
    PLEASE SLOW SIGN
    Could you sign that slowly please?
    PRO2 SAY BEFORE WHAT?
    What did you just say, sorry?
  • negotiating turn-taking, for example:
    PRO1 FIRST YOUR-TURN
    It’s my turn first, then your turn.
    

  VCASFC219 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC082

  Identify ways in which deaf people relate to and are perceived by society as ‘people of the eye’, how they demonstrate connections with culturally rich places and associations, and how their sense of identity, roles and responsibilities change over time

  Elaborations

  • discussing the notion of ‘Deaf eyes’ and the capacity of deaf people to determine the deaf/hearing status of others in their environment based on eye behaviour
  • considering how deaf people are perceived to be more observant and more astute visually, for example, as drivers, in sports or in terms of visual memory, comparing anecdotal findings and documented research on this issue
  • discussing how identity may shift depending on what is most salient in any context or setting, and how as people mature they learn to navigate ‘multiple identities’ in relation to different elements of their experience, such as background ethnicity and culture and Deaf identity/culture
  • reflecting on the concept of Deafhood as it applies to and informs life choices made by young Deaf people, for example in relation to social group participation, communication preferences, ways of identifying, describing and introducing themselves to others
  • considering how relationships between changing technology and Deaf people are managed to express and to reflect identity, for example, the rejection of hearing devices or, alternatively, highlighting them with colour or prominent placement
  • considering whether a strong sense of shared identity influences the capacity for awareness and advocacy for Deaf people’s rights
  • discussing how social groups such as Deaf communities form intergenerational patterns that determine relationships and shape behaviours, for example, by interviewing a member of a Deaf family of two or more generations
  • investigating ways the Deaf ecosystem works and the reciprocal nature of relationships in some Deaf communities, for example in business or professional domains, and the contribution this ecosystem makes to collective identity
  • discussing how the Deaf community expresses different elements of their identity, for example through behaviours associated with Deaf spaces, greetings and introductions which illustrate community status and affiliation
  • investigating how a strong sense of identity impacts on social and emotional health and wellbeing by exploring the available research on wellbeing and identity in deaf people
  • identifying and describing intersections between national and international Deaf communities and organisations, and how these contribute to a transnational sense of belonging, for example, by evaluating shared experiences by viewing online texts produced by deaf people in different countries
  • comparing changing values and status of place and space in different international Deaf communities, for example, the loss of Deaf clubs or closure of Deaf schools, and reflecting on the implications of these changes over time for Deaf identity
  • responding to different philosophical and social views about deafness, considering the impact of varying attitudes on a deaf person’s developing identity
  • discussing ways in which the philosophy of ‘Deaf gain’ can be applied to personal circumstances, such as classroom accommodations and sporting participation
  • summarising elements of elders' guidance on how cultural values, beliefs and traditions are expressed and connected through shared experience of visual ways of being, providing examples of how these are demonstrated in community behaviour and in interactions with the wider community
  • describing and comparing their personal sense of social responsibility towards their Deaf community, for example as demonstrated through attending, organising or volunteering at festivals, camps or youth groups
  • exploring the wider political landscape of the Deaf community as it impacts on individual and community identity, for example, by identifying the impact of activism and Deaf empowerment movements such as the Deaf President Now campaign at Gallaudet University, a ‘Deaf place’, in effecting change and strengthening Deaf communities’ connection to ‘place’

  VCASFC082 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Identity

• VCHIC074

  Participate in activities that involve interactions, transactions, negotiations and management of different opinions and social/cultural behaviours

  Elaborations

  • negotiating arrangements, weighing up alternatives and reaching shared decisions when planning performances or presentations to showcase Hindi language learning, for example, हमें इस में कुछ चित्र भी सम्मलित करने चाहिये?; क्यों न हम सब ...; यही उचित रहेगा; आपको इसमें से एक चुनना है।
  • issuing, accepting and declining invitations, using culturally appropriate expressions and protocols, for example, अपनी पुत्री के शुभ विवाह पर मैं आपको आमंत्रित करना चाहता हूँ । मैं नेहा बेटी को आशीर्वाद देने ज़रूर आऊँगा। यह मेरा सौभाग्य है कि आप ने मुझे इतने महत्त्वपूर्ण अवसर में सम्मिलित होने का अवसर दिया, किन्तु मैं किसी कारण वश नहीं आ पाऊँगा।
  • comparing opinions on social and cultural behaviours and values associated with Hindi-speaking communities via online forms of communication such as emails, school chat forums and community websites, for example, भारतीय जीवन शैली में रंगों का विशेष महत्व है। बिंदी का महत्त्व केवल सौंदर्य और श्रंगार तक ही सीमित नहीं है। भारतीय संस्कृति की परम्परा है कि हम अपने अतिथियों का अपनी सामर्थ्य के अनुसार स्वागत सत्कार करने में कोई कसर नहीं छोड़ते। भारत में विवाह न केवल एक महिला और पुरुष को आपस में जोड़ता है बल्कि दो परिवारों को आपसी सहयोग और प्रेम की भावना में भी बाँधता है।
  • organising an event such as a campaign or social media forum to raise awareness of community, environmental or ethical issues, for example, महिलाओं की सुरक्षा; स्वच्छ स्थानीय पर्यावरण, पुनर्चक्रण का महत्त्व
  • transacting for goods and services, considering concepts such as value, availability, competition and ethics
  • building vocabulary to support commercial and technological exchange between English- and Hindi-speaking communities, for example, मुद्रा विनिमय दर, भारत में आस्ट्रेलियाई निवेश, अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार, प्रौद्योगिकी का आदान-प्रदान

  VCHIC074 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC193

  Interact with peers and familiar adults, exchanging opinions and feelings and establishing friendships

  Elaborations

  • exchanging greetings with peers and familiar adults, choosing the appropriate greeting to suit age or position (for example, 您好，老师好) or time of day, for example, 你早，晚安
  • responding to invitations to participate in personal celebrations, including accepting and declining in appropriate ways, for example, 谢谢你的邀请，祝你生日快乐。但是我星期日要…对不起，不能参加你的聚会。希望你玩得高兴
  • sharing personal ideas and opinions on experiences such as home life and routine, school and education, diet and food, travel and leisure, climate and weather, expressing opinions and preferences, and stating reasons to elaborate the message, for example, 我不太喜欢…、我觉得…因为
  • exchanging information and opinions in class dialogue, responding to questions (for example, 你喜欢运动吗？), expressing agreement or disagreement with others’ opinions (for example, 对，我也很喜欢运动。) and ensuring that other participants are included in interaction, for example, 我去过法国，你呢？
  • comparing own experiences to the lives of young people in other Chinese-speaking communities, for example, 我觉得 7:30上学太早。 我不坐地铁上学，我坐公共汽车上学
  • using set phrases to greet, thank, apologise, and ask permission from peers and teacher, for example, 我可以上厕所吗？；谢谢；对不起
  • following teacher’s instructions such as 站起来 or 我们看书 and restating teacher’s instructions to peers when needed (for example, 老师说我们...再…); responding to teacher’s questions with actions or answers, for example, 懂了吗？
  • responding to teacher’s praise (for example, 非常好， 太棒了) or suggestions, for example, 明天做，今天休息
  • participating in a shared blog and exchanging personal information such as name, age, school, year level and nationality with readers from a sister school, for example, 你好，我叫 Ann, 我是澳大利亚的学生
  • responding to correspondence, such as letters from pen pals, including by answering questions, clarifying meaning (for example, 你说你想来澳大利亚， 是吗？), seeking further information (for example, 你想一月来吗？) and addressing requests, for example, 澳大利亚一月是夏天，很热
  • maintaining contact with classmates and recording events in everyday life by keeping a weekly or daily online journal or blog, recording highlights of school or home life and leisure activity (for example, 今天我的足球队又输了，真没劲！ ) or a holiday experience, for example, 袋鼠岛游记
  • composing messages in an appropriate format for text messages, emails and letters, and using appropriate terms of address, for example, 敬爱的王老师 (for a formal letter) or 嘿，小王，最近好吗 (for a casual letter or message)

  VCZHC193 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCVIU013

  Develop knowledge of common grammatical elements and structures such as nouns, personal pronouns, adjectives, verbs, compound words, adverbs of frequency, conjunctions, statements, negations and questions, to describe events, actions and qualities of people and objects, and to express courtesy...

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Vietnamese has multiple words for personal pronouns, for example, con, cháu, em and tôi can be used to indicate both first and second person depending on relationships
  • using appropriate terms of address for diverse speakers in different contexts, for example, ông, bà, anh, chị, em
  • understanding that personal pronouns in Vietnamese do not change according to their grammatical function as in English, for example, Anh ta biết tôi nhưng tôi không biết anh ta (‘He knows me but I don’t know him’)
  • exploring and using pluralisation of nouns, for example, hai cái áo (‘two shirts’), những/nhiều/các ngôi nhà (‘houses’), making connections and comparisons between Vietnamese and English
  • understanding the position of nouns and adjectives in Vietnamese compared to English, for example, một học sinh giỏi versus ‘a good student’
  • using concrete nouns related to self, family, home, school and the local environment, including loan words from other languages, for example, thức ăn, quần áo, gia đình, cha mẹ, trường học, học sinh, thầy cô, bạn bè, chợ, nhà hàng, trạm xe lửa, tivi, game, internet, email, canteen, gara sale, online shopping, sushi, pizza, McDonald, chocolate, cà rốt, ya-ua, nhẩm xà/yumcha
  • using adjectives to describe the appearance and personality of people, places, events, actions and objects, for example, già, trẻ, rộng lớn, chật hẹp, quan trọng, thú vị, anh hùng, mắc, rẻ, tốt, xấu
  • exploring and using synonyms, for example, chăm chỉ = siêng năng; ngăn nắp = gọn gàng, and antonyms, for example, tốt ≠ xấu; mới ≠ cũ; ngày ≠ đêm; nóng ≠ lạnh
  • recognising and using Vietnamese prefixes such as vô and bất to form antonyms, for example, lễ phép ≠ vô phép; có duyên ≠ vô duyên; lịch sự ≠ bất lịch sự; cẩn thận ≠ bất cẩn
  • using adverbs to modify verbs and adjectives, and to indicate time, for example, chạy nhanh, học giỏi, hát hay, đẹp lắm, hay quá, hôm qua, ngày mai, tuần rồi, tháng tới
  • experimenting with the use of prepositions (trên, dưới, trong, ngoài, ở giữa), for example, ở trên trời, ở trên bàn, ở dưới đất, ở nhà, ở thành phố, ở ngoài đường
  • recognising possessive cases using formation of noun + pronoun/noun or của, for example, ba mẹ (của) tôi, anh/chị (của) tôi, nhà/trường/lớp (của) tôi
  • using some honorific words to express courtesy, for example, dạ, dạ thưa, kính thưa, kính chào
  • joining words, phrases and sentences using common simple conjunctions, for example, Tôi và bạn, Cuối tuần bạn thường đi bơi hay đi xem phim? Tôi thích ăn phở nhưng chị tôi thích ăn mì
  • understanding that Vietnamese does not conjugate verbs according to number, gender and/or tense, for example, Tôi/Bạn tôi thích phim hoạt họa
  • understanding and describing past, current and future events using appropriate terms for time expressions such as đã, sẽ, đang, chưa, rồi, for example, Tôi ăn rồi. Tôi đã sống ở đây hai năm. Ngày mai tôi sẽ đi coi phim
  • using simple sentence structures (subject + predicate) to construct affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences, including closed and open-ended questions with ai, cái gì, gì, nào, ở đâu, thế nào, tại sao, for example, Tôi thích ăn cơm. Tôi không thích ăn cháo. Bạn thích ăn cơm không? Bạn thích ăn món gì? Tại sao bạn thích bộ phim này? Bạn thích ca sĩ nào?
  • understanding word order in questions, noticing that question words are placed at the end of sentences in Vietnamese, for example, Tên em là gì? Nhà em ở đâu?
  • understanding and using a range of Vietnamese comparative and superlative forms, for example, đẹp, đẹp hơn, đẹp nhất
  • understanding and applying the rules of compound word formation, for example, trường + học = trường học; học + hành = học hành, to generate words for enhancing conversations
  • understanding the use of appropriate punctuation in writing, for example, full stops, commas and exclamation marks

  VCVIU013 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language