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• VCFRU108

  Explore the relationship between language and culture

  Elaborations

  • exploring how language and culture influence each other, for example, French terms of address that reflect respect and status such as Madame la Directrice and Monsieur le Président; diverse cuisines and food-related terms and expressions that reflect cultural diversity in contemporary France or Australia
  • investigating connections between language and significant cultural values or practices in French, English and other languages, for example, la Marianne; la patrie; la laïcité; Reconciliation, Aussie Rules, ‘fair go’
  • noticing how people think and talk about themselves and others, for example, comparing ways of addressing and thinking about older people or strangers
  • creating a gift pack of symbols and expressions to introduce French students to Australian languages and cultures, and explaining the reasons for particular choices
  • developing language to analyse and explain the nature of the language–culture relationship, using terms such as ‘meaning’, ‘perspective’, ‘values’, ‘assumptions’ and ‘difference’
  • reflecting on own tastes, interests and language use that have been shaped by intercultural influences, for example, Japanese manga or anime, or American fashion, music and dance

  VCFRU108 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCFRU015

  Understand that French speakers use language differently in different situations, such as in playground games, at home with the family or in the classroom

  Elaborations

  • noticing that different kinds of language are used in different situations and with different people, for example, exchanges between children and parents (Un bisou, Papa! Je t’aime, ma puce!) and exchanges between children and unfamiliar adults (Bonjour, Madame, comment ça va?)
  • understanding that language varies according to context and situation, for example, language used for play with friends (vas-y! bravo! cours! à moi!) is less formal than language used with teachers (Pardon, Monsieur Falcon; je suis désolé; je m’excuse...)
  • understanding that language forms such as greetings vary according to the time of day or the occasion, for example, bonjour, bonsoir, bonne nuit, bonne année, bon anniversaire
  • understanding that language associated with particular interactions can vary in different cultural contexts, for example, the use of first names in Australian or American English compared to the use of titles and family names in French or Japanese

  VCFRU015 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCFRU030

  Experiment with the pronunciation of vowel sounds, letter combinations and intonation patterns, and recognise and write high-frequency words and expressions in familiar contexts

  Elaborations

  • creating an alphabet bank, collecting words that begin with each letter, for example, H: l’hiver, l’homme, l’hôtel; M: mai, mardi, le mouchoir; P: le pain, Papa, le poisson
  • recognising and practising the most common vowel sounds, such as ou (vous, jour), oi (toi, voiture), on (bonbon, mon), ai (aimer, j’ai), ain (train, demain) and eau (chȃteau, beau)
  • observing differences in pronunciation of word endings shared with English such as -tion and -ent, for example, attention, situation, commencement, accident
  • understanding that some letters blend to make single sounds (such as -ille, -eau or qu-), that some final consonants in French words are usually silent (for example, le rat, le tapis, vert, chez) and some are usually pronounced (for example, chic, actif)

  VCFRU030 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRU014

  Understand that language is organised as ‘texts’, which take different forms and use different structures and features to achieve their purposes

  Elaborations

  • understanding that texts can be spoken, written, digital, visual or multimodal and that they can be very short (Stop! or a hand gesture to signify Arrête!) or much longer (Il était une fois…)
  • recognising that different types of text have different features (for example, rhythm and repetition in action songs and rhymes) and use different language, for example, formal or informal forms of address (Bonjour, Monsieur; Merci beaucoup, Madame; Salut, Annie!)
  • comparing similar texts in French and English such as counting games or street signs, identifying elements in the French texts which look or sound different
  • developing a language to talk about language and texts (metalanguage), and naming familiar types of text (story, poem, recipe, list) and talking about how they work, for example, using the story-starter Il était une fois…; rhyming and repeating words in songs such as Trois p’tits chats…

  VCFRU014 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCGRCE018

  Respond to Classical Greek texts by analysing themes, values and literary features, such as plot development and characterisation, and sharing and justifying opinions

  Elaborations

  • reading texts in Classical Greek and responding to questions in English to demonstrate understanding of content, context, purpose and technique
  • discussing how language is used to reveal character, values and key messages in texts such as narratives, dialogues, plays, poems, letters or speeches, for example, Pericles’ funeral oration
  • discussing epic plots and characters, such as the depiction of Croesus in Herodotus’ Histories, Dicaeopolis in Aristophanes’ Acharnians, for example, debating significant events and the author’s purpose
  • analysing plot development in texts such as plays and stories, discussing features, for example, use of comic episode, plot twist, climax, resolution
  • interpreting how particular stylistic effects are created, such as emphasis, doubt, irony or supposition, for example, through the use of particles πῶς γὰρ οὔ; καὶ γάρ, ἆρα οὐ/ἆρα μή
  • analysing how writers use language features to achieve particular aesthetic, humorous or persuasive purposes and effects, such as hyperbole, for example, μύριοι, or irony, for example, Socratic dialogue or dramatic irony
  • evaluating the effectiveness of texts, by considering the use of techniques, for example, simile, metaphor, personification or pathos, for particular purposes, such as to entertain or persuade

  VCGRCE018 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Responding to texts

• VCGRCU024

  Expand vocabulary by using a range of strategies, including knowledge of roots, cognates and derivatives, and use dictionaries to determine the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary in specific contexts

  Elaborations

  • developing vocabulary lists pertinent to particular reading, for example, philosophical words, poetic words and military words, such as στρατός, στρατηγός, στρατιώτης, στρατόπεδον
  • using a dictionary to investigate how vocabulary choices in Classical Greek and English can express shades of meaning, ὑπεροράω (‘look down on’, ‘overlook’, ‘despise’)
  • extrapolating knowledge of word origins, roots and cognates to interpret unfamiliar vocabulary, for example, δίκη/δίκαιος, λάμπω/λαμπρός, φοβοῦμαι/φοβερός
  • extending vocabulary through word-building from Classical Greek roots, for example, τιμῶ/τιμή, ἔργον/ἐργάζομαι, πόλις/πολίτης/πολιτικός/πολιτεία
  • identifying and interpreting compound words, for example, προσβάλλω/καταβάλλω/ἐκβάλλω
  • recognising common patterns of vowel change to identify words from the same root, for example, γίγνομαι/γένεσις, λέγω/λόγος
  • expanding vocabulary by using connections between conceptually related words, for example, chronology, chronic, anachronism

  VCGRCU024 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIC006

  Participate in imaginative texts such as stories, rhymes, puppet shows, lullabies or action songs, and respond through singing, dancing, drawing, movement and action

  Elaborations

  • participating in songs, rhymes, lullabies, and poems, for example, लल्ला लल्ला लोरी, दूध की कटोरी, चंदा है तू मेरा सूरज है तू, हम होंगे कामयाब, राष्ट्रीय गान, using facial expressions and gestures to convey meaning
  • listening to and viewing Hindi versions of familiar English-language stories, such as खट्टे अंगूर, लालची बिल्लियाँ, गांधी जी के तीन बन्दर, comparing words and expressions in each language at key points of the story
  • responding to stories, rhymes, puppet shows and songs, such as कछुआ और खरगोश; चंदा मामा दूर के, गाँधी जी के तीन बंदर through drawing or painting, facial expression or movement
  • comparing their responses to favourite characters or events in stories, rhymes or songs by making simple evaluative statements, such as मुझे 'चालाक बन्दर' कहानी में बन्दर पसंद है क्योंकि उसने बिल्लियों को चालाकी से मूर्ख बना दिया
  • responding to rhythmic features by using movement, facial expressions and gestures to convey meaning, for example, by learning and performing the Indian and Australian national anthems जन गण मन

  VCHIC006 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCHIC119

  Reflect on the relationship between language, culture and identity, and how this shapes and reflects ways of communicating and thinking

  Elaborations

  • identifying variations in the ways they communicate with people from different language backgrounds, for example, in relation to the use of humour, respect or communication in public or formal situations
  • reflecting on differences in communication styles between speakers of different languages that they know, such as ways of expressing identity or responding to others’ comments, including observations of each other’s ways of communicating in different contexts and languages
  • considering the relationship between styles of communication and cultural factors such as generation or social environment, for example, by talking about the kinds of questions they ask or comments they make when interacting with people of their own age compared to how they talk with older people in their families or communities
  • describing ways they adjust their interactions in different languages, situations and contexts, for example, by comparing typical exchanges with Hindi- or English-speaking friends in different situations
  • exploring how ways of thinking, communicating and behaving both influence and reflect cultural identity, for example, by identifying ways of expressing ideas that they see as being more Australian or Índian
  • reflecting on intercultural learning in school and intercultural experience in and out of school, discussing how each context presents different opportunities for developing intercultural capabilities

  VCHIC119 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIC079

  Create imaginative or expressive texts that draw from and reflect elements of their own tastes and experience

  Elaborations

  • collaborating with peers to create dramatic or humorous representations of people, situations or events encountered in their own lives
  • creating riddles to compete with and entertain each other, imitating the use of meter, rhythm, rhyme and metaphor exemplified in riddles from Hindi literature and folklore
  • composing and performing poems or songs that incorporate elements of traditional or contemporary literary and musical forms and reflect their own experiences, for example, भक्ति or वीर गाथा verse, nonsense songs, raps
  • creating and performing texts that exaggerate characteristic elements of a selected genre for comic effect, such as a biased commentary on a sporting event
  • creating an imaginative text such as a diary entry or song lyric that expresses either positive or negative responses to the experience of living across different languages and cultures
  • creating an English-language commentary to an observed Hindi-language sitcom, discussing how to transfer or explain the humour or dramatic effects of the original text
  • using digital resources to create imaginary characters and situations associated with school or home contexts to entertain younger learners

  VCHIC079 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCHIC040

  Collect, classify and compare information from a range of sources relating to social and cultural worlds

  Elaborations

  • collecting facts, figures and vocabulary from resources such as posters, books and websites, and using them to prepare for in-class discussions about topics such as healthy eating or animal protection
  • collecting information from each other and from family members to create an overview of selected trends or social behaviours, for example, preferred modes of communication, फ़ोन; ईमेल; आमने सामने बातचीत; टेक्स्टिंग
  • interviewing older members of their families or communities about different cultural traditions, comparing what they say with their own thoughts on similar issues, for example, जब आप छोटे थे तब लोग कैसे कपड़े पहनते थे? आपके और हमारे स्कूल में क्या अंतर है? कम्प्यूटर के बिना आप अपने दोस्तों से कैसे बात करते थे?
  • comparing information accessed via videos, books and websites produced in different cultural contexts on topics such as family life, housing or schooling
  • viewing documentaries that reflect lifestyles in Hindi-speaking communities in different regions of the world, for example, Fiji, Mauritius or Trinidad, recording key facts and noting unfamiliar vocabulary or expressions
  • researching media texts produced for teen markets in Hindi- and English-speaking communities, comparing representations of young people’s values and lifestyles in different contexts

  VCHIC040 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCHIC022

  Locate and organise information in different types of spoken, written and visual texts relating to personal, social and natural worlds

  Elaborations

  • listening to short spoken texts that contain some unfamiliar language, such as announcements or directions for a game or task, identifying specific points of information
  • collecting information from print or digital resources about selected topics, such as animal species, famous places, national flags or world geography, to create captioned displays with simple descriptive statements, for example, तिरंगा झंडा; संकटग्रस्त जानवर; विश्व के सबसे ऊँचे पर्वत
  • locating information from a range of multimedia materials relating to school routines and activities in Hindi language contexts, comparing with school life in Australia, for example, the ‘midday meals’ scheme in India compared to school canteens in Australia
  • finding Hindi language at home or in the community to create language resources for their own use in different contexts and situations, for example, collecting Hindi words in English-language advertisements, menus or shop signs, such as roti, naan, mela.
  • using digital/online resources to collect information about children’s out-of-school daily activities in Hindi-speaking communities in different contexts

  VCHIC022 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCHIC057

  Interact with peers and the teacher to complete learning activities and to support their own and others’ learning by managing debate and discussion and checking understanding

  Elaborations

  • using more elaborated sentence structures and interactional strategies to support debate and to provide clarification, for example, अपनी बात के समर्थन में आप के पास कोई प्रमाण है? and to maintain cohesion and focus in discussion, for example, दूसरे शब्दों में; आपको नहीं लगता कि…; मेरा सुझाव तो यही है कि.......
  • contributing to discussion and debate by expressing opinions, responding to others’ perspectives and using reflective language, for example, ध्यान देने की बात... है कि; यह एक और दिलचस्प पहलू है……, जो आप कह रहे हैं वह ठीक है मगर यदि दूसरे दृष्टकोण से देखा जाए तो यह कहना ग़लत नहीं होगा कि.... यह विवादास्पद है।
  • using evaluative language to acknowledge strengths in others’ arguments or to challenge their views in a courteous manner, for example, आपका कहना एकदम स्पष्ट और उचित है।; वास्तविकता यह है कि इस बात पर मैं आप से बिलकुल सहमत नहीं हूँl
  • reflecting on the usefulness and potential application of particular learning experiences, comparing their language and literacy development in Hindi and English

  VCHIC057 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIC082

  Reflect on the nature of bilingual/multilingual communication and experience

  Elaborations

  • exploring the concept of translanguage in relation to mediating thought, action and communication in situations that involve two or more languages
  • reflecting on how speakers of more than one language draw strategically on a wide range of linguistic and cultural resources to make meaning of experience and to communicate with others
  • considering whether thinking or communicating in one language rather than another affects the ways ideas or attitudes are understood or expressed
  • identifying benefits associated with bilingualism/multilingualism, drawing examples from their personal experience
  • comparing assumptions sometimes made when communicating with speakers of different languages, identifying instances when they consciously adjust how they communicate due to personal assumptions or attitudes
  • identifying cultural cues in intercultural interactions that signal variations in expectations, values or traditions that may complicate communication
  • monitoring their use of Hindi and English in different domains, for example, by keeping a record of when they use each language, for which language functions and in which contexts
  • considering how their language and interactional behaviour might be interpreted or responded to by people from different language backgrounds

  VCHIC082 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIC076

  Research, interpret and evaluate information presented from different perspectives in relation to youth-related interests, identifying how culture and context affect how information is presented

  Elaborations

  • identifying different perspectives on selected social issues featured on television, radio or online forums, using the material as stimulus for debates or presentations, for example, जनसँख्या; भेदभाव; बेरोज़गारी, वैश्वीकरण, मानव अधिकार
  • comparing information published in different media on topical issues or well-known personalities in order to demonstrate the relationship between texts and cultural contexts, for example, by analysing language used in commentaries on क्रिकेट or reflections on Bhagat Singh, Subhash Chandra Bose, Rabindranath Tagore
  • conducting face-to-face or online interviews or surveys with peers, family or community members to compare experiences such as migration to Australia, living ‘across’ cultures or relationships with technology
  • critically analysing texts such as blogs, letters or newspaper announcements, distinguishing between facts and opinions, and identifying author intent, for example, by reading and discussing letters by Jawahar Lal Nehru, पिता के पत्र पुत्री के नाम
  • comparing representations in texts such as advertisements for mobile phones, beauty products or fast food in Hindi and English, considering why particular language or images have been selected
  • listening to interviews with celebrities from fields such as entertainment, sport or politics, identifying expressions or cultural references that convey a sense of culture or context

  VCHIC076 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCHIU036

  Recognise the relationship between language and culture, for example, by identifying expressions, gestures or forms of address associated with different cultural practices

  Elaborations

  • understanding that languages carry cultural ideas and values, as in the use of words such as देसी as opposed to विदेशी, the use of blessings by older people to children, the use of indirect forms of language such as कोई बात नहीं as a way of deflecting a difficult situation
  • identifying forms of address or expressions associated with cultural events or celebrations that reflect values and traditions, for example, बधाई हो
  • noticing how family values such as familiarity, politeness or respect are expressed in Hindi and associated behaviours, for example, addressing cousins or distant male siblings as भइया; the concept of जूठा
  • identifying words and expressions that reflect cultural beliefs, practices and traditions, such as offering of प्रसाद to God, offering to God or visitors फूल, मिठाई, फल, पानी पीजिए to guests when they visit
  • noticing that some Australian terms and expressions are only meaningful in the Australian context and have no equivalent in Hindi, for example, ‘fair go’, ‘she’ll be right’
  • recognising words and expressions in Hindi that reflect traditions and distinctions that are not easily translated into English, for example, forms of address such as स्वामी जी for a religious leader, गुरुजी for a male teacher, बाबाजी for an older male person and राम राम as a mode of greeting in villages

  VCHIU036 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCHIU012

  Recognise the relationship between the sounds and patterns of pronunciation and elements of the Devanagari script, including the representation of long and short vowels, consonants and conjuncts

  Elaborations

  • recognising and reproducing the sounds and letters of spoken and written Hindi
  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and focusing on those that are new and initially difficult, such as त, थ, ग, घ, ट, द, ध।
  • learning how the Hindi sound system is conventionally represented in the Devanagari system by the use of 13 letters classified as vowels (अ-अः) and 33 consonants (क-ह and ड़-ढ़)
  • developing pronunciation skills by singing, reciting, reproducing and mimicking alphabetic elements in context
  • understanding how vowels are pronounced without any obstruction of air coming out of the mouth and consonants are pronounced with obstruction of air by different parts of the mouth
  • recognising that a line on the top of written letters joins them to make words and establishes spaces between words बस, घर। अब घर चल।
  • practising the writing of Devangari letters ‘hanging’ from a line, noticing the difference between this and English, where letters are written above the line क ख ग - a, b, c
  • recognising the matra form of vowels, such as ि, ी, and distinguishing long and short vowel sounds, such as ि, ी
  • identifying and practising pronunciation of vowel sounds with consonants, for example, कइ/कि, कई/की
  • understanding the formation of conjunct consonants such as क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ

  VCHIU012 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU107

  Recognise that Australia is a multicultural society with communities of speakers of many different languages including Hindi, and reflect on the diversity of language practices that characterise members of this multicultural community

  Elaborations

  • recognising the linguistic diversity of the global community, understanding that many people around the world speak more than one language, comparing with the multilingual character of Australian society, for example, by talking about the different languages represented in the classroom and local community
  • exploring the range of languages spoken in Australia, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, for example, by constructing a linguistic profile of their own class or school community
  • recognising that there are many different Indian languages and dialects spoken in India and other regions of the world, such as Hindi, Tamil, Gujarati, Panjabi, Marathi, involving variations in accents, vocabulary and syntax, and that most Hindi speakers also speak other languages
  • comparing their individual language profiles, explaining which languages or dialects they use in their family, social and community lives
  • reflecting on the impact on their personal lives and sense of identity of being bilingual or multilingual
  • explaining the influence of Indian language and culture on their ways of communicating in different situations, for example, by creating a glossary of Hindi words and expressions that they use when communicating in English

  VCHIU107 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHIU052

  Recognise that Hindi has evolved and developed through different periods of influence by other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • understanding key influences and stages of development of Hindi over time and through different cultural influences
  • exploring the relationship between Hindi and English across different historical and cultural contexts up to today
  • identifying changes to contemporary forms of Hindi due to the influence of globalisation, technology and intercultural relationships
  • identifying Hindi words derived from other languages, such as चश्मा, borrowed from Persian, क्षेत्र directly from Sanskrit versus खेत from Hindi via Pali/Prakrit
  • recognising the influence of Sanskrit on Hindi and other languages, for example, by identifying Sanskrit words adopted and adapted in different ways in different languages
  • identifying influences from other languages in their own/their family’s use of Hindi, for example, the use of terms associated with social media, popular culture and technology स्क्रीन, माउस
  • understanding that all languages change in response to changing circumstances, for example, the addition of new terms for new inventions or experiences, word-borrowing from other languages or, as in the case of Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages, the reversal of language loss through revival and retrieval programs

  VCHIU052 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHIU086

  Analyse and compose different types of texts for specific purposes and audiences that involve different cultural, textual and contextual features

  Elaborations

  • composing and comparing texts such as emails, songs, slogans or public signs, noticing how the choice of vocabulary, structure and tenor combine to achieve each text’s purpose
  • comparing Hindi and English versions of texts such as invitations or newspaper announcements, noticing forms of expression that are culturally significant, such as जय के विवाह का शुभ मुहुर्त ... के दिन ... बजे से.. बजे तक तय हुआ है। आपकी उपस्थिति और आशीर्वाद की प्रतीक्षा रहेगी or रमेश और लीला के पुत्र के नामकरण पर आपको सादर आमंत्रित करते हैं।
  • demonstrating the different organisation of elements, such as introductions, ordering of content and expression of wishes or greetings within different forms of communication, for example, formal letters, emails or web posts
  • composing spoken and written versions of texts such as advertisements, invitations or personal messages, identifying key differences in syntax, register and language choice
  • comparing the textual features of different kinds of Hindi verse, identifying differences in rhythm, meter and cultural framing
  • composing formal and informal versions of selected text genres, such as a written invitation and an invitation by text message, मोहन और गीताकी सगाई के शुभ अवसर पर आपकी परिवार सहित उपस्थिति प्रार्थनीय है; क्या तुम... के दिन.. समय मुझे मिल सकते हो?

  VCHIU086 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU122

  Know how to construct different types of texts to suit different contexts, purposes and audiences, incorporating appropriate cultural elements

  Elaborations

  • understanding the significance and cultural importance of features of different types of texts, such as forms of address or language associated with rituals or celebrations, such as आदरणीय, पूज्य, मान्यवर , महोदय (formal) प्रिय मित्र (informal)
  • identifying key features and structures of familiar texts types to understand unfamiliar content, for example, recognising core words associated with time or place in airport announcements, ‘reading’ images as well as written language in advertisements
  • recognising the format of different Hindi texts and stylistic conventions such as the need for elaborated forms of address in formal invitations or congratulations, understanding how these vary according to the context, occasion and intended audience
  • composing and comparing examples of familiar texts such as emails, songs, slogans or public signs, noticing how choice of language and text structure positions the reader and indicates the text’s purpose
  • comparing language features of Hindi and English versions of genres such as news headlines or school reports, noticing differences that appear to be culturally significant
  • composing a formal and an informal version of a selected text genre, such as a written invitation or a text message, for example, मोहन और गीता की सगाई के शुभ अवसर पर आपकी परिवार सहित उपस्थिति प्रार्थनीय है। क्या तुम... के दिन.. समय मुझे मिल सकते हो?

  VCHIU122 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language