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• VCKOU019

  Identify beliefs, attitudes and value systems reflected in their own everyday language use in English, other languages and Korean, comparing ways of communicating across cultures

  Elaborations

  • identifying non-verbal expressions taken for granted in communication in different cultures, for example, the use/non-use of eye contact, bowing, nodding, pointing
  • reflecting on individual words which may be interpreted differently by people who do not know Korean culture, for example, 우리 집, 우리 선생님
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of other cultures including Korean to others non-judgmentally, for example, without stereotyping
  • understanding the significance of social conventions and cultural concepts, for example, 잘 먹겠습니다, 잘 먹었습니다
  • exploring how politeness is expressed differently in Korean and English

  VCKOU019 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLVC174

  Engage with peers, the teaching team and visiting respected community members to exchange information about interests, experiences, plans and aspirations

  Elaborations

  • expressing personal experiences, plans, goals and aspirations
  • asking and responding to open-ended questions, for example, why, how, when, using modelled sentence patterns
  • engaging in face-to-face or online discussions with peers about shared interests and experiences, such as sport, food, study, music or fashion
  • recounting experiences, such as holidays, special events, milestones, sports events or celebrations
  • sharing and comparing information about daily routines and responsibilities
  • sustaining and extending conversations by seeking additional information
  • exchanging information about family, friends, teachers, school subjects, entertainment and leisure activities

  VCLVC174 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VC2M6N09

  use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving rational numbers and percentages, including in financial contexts; formulate the problems, choosing operations and using efficient mental and written calculation strategies, and using digital tools where appropriate; interpret and...

  Elaborations

  • modelling practical situations involving percentages using efficient calculation strategies to find solutions, such as mental calculations, spreadsheets, calculators or a variety of informal jottings, and interpreting the results in terms of the situation, for example, purchasing items during a sale
  • modelling situations involving earning money and budgeting, asking questions such as ‘Can I afford it?’, ‘Do I need it?’ and ‘How much do I need to save for it?’ and developing a savings plan or budget for an upcoming event or personal purchase
  • modelling and solving the problem of creating a budget for a class excursion or family holiday, using the internet to research costs and expenses, and representing the budget in a spreadsheet, creating and using formulas to calculate totals

  VC2M6N09 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Number

• VCNRC069

  Initiate, sustain and extend interactions by exchanging experiences, seeking and giving advice, and discussing aspirations and relationships

  Elaborations

  • sustaining interactions with others by acknowledging, asking for repetition or clarification or questioning further
  • interviewing peers to extract information on and evaluate views about aspects of life such as school, future aspirations and relationships, and discussing as a class the major themes and concerns that emerge
  • sharing opinions with peers about events and interests, and incorporating language to express emotions and responses such as approval, gratitude, regret and appreciation
  • exchanging information with peers in countries where the language is spoken, such as through letters, emails or online discussions, about aspects of school, youth lifestyle and social issues, using comparisons when expressing thoughts and ideas

  VCNRC069 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCNRC070

  Participate in and contribute ideas and opinions to collaborative tasks, activities and experiences which involve making decisions, negotiating, planning and shared transactions

  Elaborations

  • contributing opinions and suggestions during shared problem-solving tasks, for example, in resolving a disagreement about a planned activity
  • organising and participating in activities, such as developing a classroom journal to document examples of language used in particular contexts
  • expressing agreement or disagreement when accepting or declining offers, requests and invitations, for example, inviting peers to attend a celebration or party
  • planning events and making decisions with peers, for example, choosing a venue for an event, expressing preferences and asking questions to clarify intentions
  • participating in role-plays to complain about something, such as returning damaged or unsuitable goods

  VCNRC070 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCNRC089

  Locate and use key points of information, such as main ideas, specific details and general descriptions from a range of spoken, written and visual texts

  Elaborations

  • reading, viewing or listening to texts, such as a song or poster, and responding to questions
  • obtaining information on a range of topics, such as the life of a student in a place where the language is spoken
  • identifying main ideas and key points of information in texts and using the information in new ways, for example, reading about an annual event in a country where the language is spoken and producing a program
  • identifying key and commonly used expressions in texts and using them in own texts
  • gathering and collating information from sources such as class surveys, and presenting findings to others in digital formats, for example, posters, wall charts, profiles or timelines

  VCNRC089 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCRAU064

  Develop knowledge of verb rules and how to link and extend ideas by using adverbs, cohesive devices and other elements of grammar

  Elaborations

  • naming a range of animals and describing qualities of people using adjectives of character and appearance
  • identifying people and their occupations
  • describing qualities of things using adjectives
  • indicating quantity
  • identifying things using concrete nouns
  • describing actions using verbs
  • indicating negation
  • referring to the past and future using time indicators
  • seeking information using a range of questions
  • describing frequency using adverbs
  • creating cohesion using conjunctions
  • adding further information using embedded clauses
  • accepting or declining invitations
  • well-wishing
  • comparing and contrasting
  • expressing opinions
  • expressing emotions
  • describing state of actions

  VCRAU064 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU115

  Develop knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures to extend meanings, such as cohesive devices and sentence construction

  Elaborations

  • identifying people by pronouns or titles and nicknames
  • describing the qualities of people using adjectives of character
  • indicating possibility
  • specifying what is being referred to
  • understanding embedded clauses
  • indicating equivalence
  • indicating action
  • relating position
  • comparing things using comparatives and superlatives
  • seeking information using interrogatives and question forms
  • requesting that others do something
  • excusing and apologising
  • giving advice
  • showing empathy and well-wishing
  • giving opinions
  • contrasting two ideas using conjunctions
  • referring to abstract ideas
  • referring to events and time using frequency markers and time indicators

  VCRAU115 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC025

  Reflect on how aspects of personal identity are expressed in Australian and Chinese contexts

  Elaborations

  • preparing a self-introduction and discussing the concept of ‘self’/我, exploring questions such as ‘What makes me special in my family? In my class? In my school?’, for example, 我叫 Tina, 我是妹妹。我上三年级，我的老师是王老师
  • prioritising information when talking about self, for example, 我叫Kate before 我八岁
  • sharing information about one’s zodiac animal sign in Chinese and discussing in English the cultural significance of such information, for example, 我属龙

  VCZHC025 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC180

  Develop and present a position on topical events and people by referring to a range of sources, and connect this position to the perspectives of others

  Elaborations

  • substantiating their position with examples from texts, quotes or statistical data and by using 成语 or 谚语, for example, 养不教，父之过, 父母当然要对孩子的教育负责
  • presenting opinions using strategies suited to audience/readers’ expectations, such as 欲扬先抑 (to criticise before praising)
  • evaluating the credibility of sources by analysing accuracy of evidence, references to other sources, and appropriate use of formal language
  • designing a research plan for learning tasks, such as 《人口增长》, and listing sources of information, data needed, questions to be asked and stating reasons for own decision making

  VCZHC180 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC003

  Locate information about family and familiar events from spoken and visual sources and convey this information in simple visual and oral texts

  Elaborations

  • using teacher scaffolding (for example, ‘We are going to listen for the information about the boy’s family members: what words might be used?’) to predict content before listening to spoken texts
  • matching information heard with pictures or other visual clues, such as identifying colours and fruit in game and real-life situations
  • sequencing pictures to describe events, guided by the teacher
  • responding to questions and retelling information obtained from listening to and viewing scaffolded models of texts, such as a video clip or an avatar of a Chinese student
  • practising tone, actions and gestures that support meaning to share information
  • expressing preferences, for example, 喜欢，不喜欢

  VCZHC003 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC169

  Reflect on own intercultural experiences, and contrast ways in which people of different generations, genders and linguistic backgrounds use language and respond to different experiences

  Elaborations

  • recognising own tendency to generalise or stereotype during interactions (for example, 地域歧视), being sensitive to the possibility of causing offence to others in interaction, and considering questions to ask about the other person’s cultural background, for example, 你父母是大陆人吗？, 你父母的老家在中国甚么地方？
  • participating in cultural events, and reflecting on cultural similarities and differences, and on how cultural practices change in a different context, for example, 我们家不过中秋节，因为大家都觉得不太重要。母亲节那天我们全家去爷爷奶奶家一起吃饭
  • being aware of how own ideas may be perceived by others based on language choice, including code-switching, for example, 我妈妈不喜欢我说汉语时夹着英语，但是我和朋友经常这样说，她也经常这样说。有的时候姥姥听不懂，我就会想想全部用汉语该怎么说

  VCZHC169 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• Health and Physical Education | Health and Physical Education: Rationale and Aims

  Rationale

  Health and Physical Education focuses on students enhancing their own and others’ health, safety, wellbeing and physical activity participation in varied and changing contexts. Research in fields such as sociology, physiology, nutrition, biomechanics and psychology informs...

  Overview material | Health and Physical Education

• Science | Science: Learning in Science

  The key concepts

  Six key concepts frame learning in the Science Understanding strand, support key aspects of the Science Inquiry Skills strand and contribute to developing students’ appreciation of the nature of science.

  The six key concepts are:

  Patterns, order and organisation

  An important...

  Overview material | Science

• VCVIU169

  Understand and use elements of Vietnamese grammar to organise and elaborate on ideas and opinions, such as direct/indirect speech and verbs to express modality

  Elaborations

  • differentiating interrogative forms with tag questions and using them according to context, for example, Em thích ăn cơm chiên không? (a yes/no question to discover whether the other person likes fried rice) and Em thích ăn cơm chiên phải không? (a tag question to confirm that the other person likes fried rice)
  • recognising differences in Vietnamese and English responses to negative tag questions to avoid misinterpretation, for example, in Vietnamese the response to the question Em chưa làm bài tập về nhà phải không? (‘You haven’t done your homework, have you?’) would be Dạ phải. Em chưa làm (‘YES, I haven’t’), while in English it would be ‘NO, I haven’t’
  • recognising the purpose and effect of exclamatory sentences as opposed to statements, for example, the statement Hôm nay Lan đi học sớm simply states that Lan came to school early today, while the exclamatory sentence Hôm nay Lan đi học sớm thế/vậy! may suggest surprise or irony
  • constructing a range of sentences in affirmative, negative, interrogative and imperative forms for different purposes
  • understanding the use of được and bị for positive and negative meaning, for example, Em được điểm tốt. Em được thầy cô khen. Em bị bệnh. Em bị ba mẹ la
  • understanding and using verbs to express modality such as nên (‘should’), cần (‘need to’) and phải (‘must’), for example, Các em nên chăm học. Chúng ta cần không khí để thở, thức ăn để ăn và nhà để ở. Học sinh phải mặc đồng phục khi đi học
  • using direct speech, for example, Ba mẹ nói với tôi: ‘Con nên chăm học’, and indirect speech, for example, Ba mẹ bảo tôi nên chăm học, to relate ideas, opinions, actions and events
  • using a range of expressions for indefinite quantities, for example, hàng ngàn, triệu triệu, vô số, hàng hà sa số, biết bao nhiêu là …
  • exploring homonyms encountered in texts, for example, bò (‘cow’ or ‘to crawl’), ăn (‘eat’ or ‘win’), đỗ/đậu (‘pass the exam’ or ‘bean’), bàn (‘table’ or ‘discuss’), lợi (‘benefit’ or ‘gum’), đen (‘black’ or ‘unlucky’)
  • recognising the features of alliteration in Vietnamese, for example, vui vẻ, mát mẻ, lanh lợi, and using them in own spoken and written texts
  • explaining to peers the meaning of common idioms and proverbs, for example, tiền rừng bạc biển, mò kim đáy biển<; đói cho sạch, rách cho thơm

  VCVIU169 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VC2M8A02

  graph linear relations on the Cartesian plane using digital tools where appropriate; solve linear equations and one-variable inequalities using graphical and algebraic techniques; verify solutions by substitution

  Elaborations

  • recognising that in a table of values, if the first difference between consecutive values of the dependent variable is constant, then it is a linear relation
  • graphing linear functions and relations of the form x=a , y=a , x ≤a , x>a , y ≤a , y>a on the Cartesian plane for known values of a
  • completing a table of values, plotting the resulting points on the Cartesian plane and determining whether the relationship is linear
  • graphing the linear relationship ax+b=c for given values of a, b and c and identifying from the graph where ax+b <c or where ax+b >c
  • solving linear equations of the form ax+b=c and one-variable inequalities of the form ax+b <c or ax+b >c where a > 0 using inverse operations and digital tools, and checking solutions by substitution
  • solving linear equations such as 3x+7=6x-9 , representing these graphically, and verifying solutions by substitution

  VC2M8A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Algebra

• VCASFU032

  Understand that clauses can be enriched through the use of adjectives and adverbs (when, where, how), often produced with non-manual features

  Elaborations

  • exploring different semantic types of verbs in a text, for example by showing how:
    • doing (WALK, WRITE) and saying (TELL, CALL-OUT, ANNOUNCE) verbs in narrative texts give information about a characters’ actions
    • sensing (SEE, THINK) or possessing (THAT’S-TYPICAL-OF-THEM, OWN) verbs indicate what characters think, feel or own
    • relating verbs identify or describe a noun (for example, HAVE in PRO3 HAVE LONG-HAIR)
  • noticing that some signs modify the meaning of verbs, such as READ CAREFUL and that these are called adverbs
  • contributing examples of signs that tell:
    • when a verb happens (IN-2-WEEKS PRO1 HOLIDAY or WANT LUNCH NOW)
    • where a verb happens (PRO3 RUN FAR or COME HERE)
    • how a verb happens (FAST or SLOW or PRO2 QUICK FINISH)
  • noticing that sometimes Auslan signers have information about how a verb happens through NMFs rather than separate signs, for example, WRITE -_carelessly
  • noticing that clauses can be made more vivid by integrating CA or DSs to show with body or hands or by showing adverbial or adjectival meanings
  • understanding that, in terms of meaning, a basic clause represents: a happening or a state (verb), who or what is involved (noun or nouns) and the surrounding circumstances (adverb or adverbs)
  • distinguishing between yes/no questions and wh- questions and noticing that each type of question has different NMFs

  VCASFU032 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU013

  Understand and use aspects of the Korean grammatical system to form simple sentence structures, and identify features that are either specific to Korean or similar to English

  Elaborations

  • referring to self and things using first person pronouns (저, 제, 나, 내, 우리) or demonstrative pronouns (이것, 저것, 그것)
  • using basic particles to mark case and other basic functions of nouns in a sentence, for example, –이/가, –을/를, –은/는, –에, –에서, –하고
  • using basic verbs including copula (–이에요/예요) to describe state/quality or action in present or past tenses with the informal polite-style ending –어/아요 (for example, 좋아요, 예뻐요, 재미있어요/재미있었어요, 먹어요/먹었어요, 가요/갔어요), including some set phrases with auxiliary verbs such as –고 싶어요, –(으)ㄹ 수 있어요 and –고 있어요, for example, 수영할 수 있어요
  • understanding that descriptive verbs in Korean grammar have functions similar to adjectives in English (describing qualities or states and modifying nouns) but that they also behave like verbs in a sentence (conjugating and being used as the main verb)
  • using question words to make questions, for example, 누구, 무엇, 언제, 어디, 어떻게, 왜, 몇, 무슨, 어느
  • using some honorific words and suffixes (for example, 드세요, 선생님, 일어나세요) and humble words (저/제) as part of formulaic expressions
  • using simple sentence structures in the subject–object–verb order to make statements or ask questions
  • producing a sentence without a subject/object, which can be retrieved or inferred from context, for example, 지금 뭐 해요? 공부해요
  • using simple negation, placing 안 or 못 before a verb (for example, 안 가요, 못 해요) and replacing copula (–예요/이에요) with its negative form (–이/가 아니에요)
  • comparing word order in Korean and English, such as the verb-final rule and how to count objects, for example, 사과 한 개 versus ‘one apple’

  VCKOU013 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCADAD035

  Practise and refine technical and expressive skills in style-specific techniques

  Elaborations

  • learn, extending and practising movement vocabulary relevant to specific styles
  • extending technical competences such as articulation, control, coordination, accuracy, alignment, balance, flexibility, strength and endurance
  • using questions to develop or extend understanding of style-specific techniques, for example, viewing dances from different cultures and asking ‘is the relationship between dance, sound or music accompaniment the same for each dance?’, or ‘How costumes and props are used symbolically in dances?’
  • applying safe dance practices when performing a specific dance style, for example, identifying the musculoskeletal system and linking to alignment
  • analysing and practising technical skills to build safe dance practice, for example, develop awareness of self and others in a dance space and use techniques to control movement through the space

  VCADAD035 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Dance Practices

• VCADAD022

  Use choreographic devices to select and organise movement ideas and create and practise dance sequences

  Elaborations

  • practising fundamental movements such as walking, running, marching, galloping, skipping, crawling, bending, stretching, twisting and turning, focusing on technical skills of body control, posture, strength, balance and coordination
  • devising a range of body shapes and travelling movements suggested by action words focusing on the dynamic qualities, for example, rising, jumping, stopping, falling, opening, closing and then use the devices of repetition and contrast to form dance sequences
  • using questions as part of the dance-making process, for example, asking how ideas are communicated in this dance, how they are varying speeds, levels, directions?
  • exploring movement possibilities and making choices about ways of communicating emotions or observations about the texture of an object, for example, eating something sticky
  • making decisions about how a short dance will begin and end, refining and evaluating options through feedback, practice and repetition

  VCADAD022 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 1 and 2 | Dance Practices