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• VCSSU133

  The description and explanation of the motion of objects involves the interaction of forces and the exchange of energy and can be described and predicted using the laws of physics

  Elaborations

  • recognising that a stationary object, or a moving object with constant motion, has balanced forces acting on it
  • gathering data to analyse everyday motion produced by forces, for example, measurements of distance and time, velocity, mass, acceleration and force
  • investigating the effects of applying different forces, including Earth's gravitational force, to familiar objects

  VCSSU133 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU129

  The Universe contains features including galaxies, stars and solar systems; the Big Bang theory can be used to explain the origin of the Universe

  Elaborations

  • identifying the evidence supporting the Big Bang theory, for example, Edwin Hubble’s observations and the detection of microwave radiation
  • recognising that the age of the Universe can be derived by applying knowledge of the Big Bang theory
  • describing how the evolution of the Universe, including the formation of galaxies and stars, has continued since the Big Bang

  VCSSU129 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU095

  Mixtures, including solutions, contain a combination of pure substances that can be separated using a range of techniques

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between pure substances and mixtures and identifying examples of each
  • identifying the solvent and solute in solutions
  • investigating and using a range of physical separation techniques such as filtration, decantation, evaporation, crystallisation, chromatography and distillation
  • exploring and comparing separation methods used in the home

  VCSSU095 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCLAU025

  Analyse the structure and features of different text types in Latin, exploring how they relate to context, purpose and audience

  Elaborations

  • examining textual features used to influence an audience, such as the contrast of short and periodic sentences to persuade, or the use of repetition and humour to entertain
  • making connections and comparisons between a new text and familiar texts of the same type
  • analysing different texts, such as a story, historical account or speech, to understand how a version of an event can be expressed in different ways
  • recognising different ways of presenting the same story, for example, from the viewpoint of different characters or in the form of a flashback
  • analysing language features used to influence the intended audience, such as imagery or rhetorical devices

  VCLAU025 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC211

  Summarise and compare factual information about people, places and lifestyles drawn from a range of sources, including multimodal sources

  Elaborations

  • viewing reports on news and current affairs programs to develop an overview of events and discuss the responses of individuals and groups to issues and events such as a threat to public health or safety, environmental pollution, or rapid urbanisation
  • listening to and viewing texts such as celebrity interviews, news reports and documentaries on tourist hot spots, and obtaining the gist by focusing on familiar, anticipated items in a flow of words, for example, names of people and places, time and date, attitude and opinions
  • listening to and viewing interactions and noting the different opinions and ideas of different participants, focusing on key words and non-verbal cues to identify feelings
  • using dictionaries and other resources to interpret key words, for example, identifying the likely meaning of 七夕 in the sentence 农历七月七日是七夕
  • identifying important ideas and interpreting implied meanings in texts, recognising possible bias when judging the value of information
  • using listening strategies appropriate to a range of purposes, including listening for specific information, listening for key ideas, listening for overall understanding, or listening in order to repeat information to others
  • presenting opinions using strategies suited to the audience or reader’s expectations, such as 欲扬先抑 (to criticise before praising)

  VCZHC211 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCSIS083

  With guidance, plan appropriate investigation types to answer questions or solve problems and use equipment, technologies and materials safely, identifying potential risks

  Elaborations

  • following a given procedure to design an experimental or field investigation
  • experiencing a range of ways of investigating questions, including experimental testing, creating models, internet research, field observations, simulations and trial and error methods
  • discussing the advantages and disadvantages of certain types of investigation for answering certain types of questions
  • discussing possible hazards involved in conducting investigations, and how these risks can be reduced

  VCSIS083 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Inquiry Skills | Planning and conducting

• VCELT316

  Understand, interpret and experiment with sound devices and imagery, including simile, metaphor and personification, in narratives, shape poetry, songs, anthems and odes

  Elaborations

  • discussing how figurative language including simile and metaphor can make use of a comparison between different things, for example ‘My love is like a red, red rose’, ‘Tyger!, Tyger! burning bright, In the forests of the night’, and how by appealing to the imagination, it provides new ways of looking at the world
  • investigating the qualities of contemporary protest songs, for example those about Indigenous peoples and those about the environment

  VCELT316 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Reading and Viewing | Literature

• The Humanities | History: Learning in History

  Historical concepts and skills

  In the History curriculum, students have the opportunity to develop historical understanding through the application of the following historical concepts and skills:

  • sequencing chronology
  • using historical sources as evidence
  • identifying continuity and change
  • analysing...

  Overview material | History

• VCSIS037

  Actively observe, explore and manipulate

  Elaborations

  • actively joining in scientific investigations directed by the teacher
  • identifying and using familiar objects in routine events
  • using senses, under teacher direction, to gather information about the world around them

  VCSIS037 | Science | Level D | Science Inquiry Skills | Planning and conducting

• The Arts | Music: Learning in Music

  In Music, students listen to, compose and perform music in a wide range of styles from diverse cultures, times and locations. Listening underpins all music learning. Students compose and perform music using the voice, body, instruments, found sound sources, and digital technologies. As composers...

  Overview material | Music

• VCAMUP044

  Perform music applying techniques and expression to interpret the composer’s use of the elements of music and compositional devices

  Elaborations

  • setting up the performance space and using production elements to enhance a sense of style for an audience
  • performing music from scores made by themselves and others, exploiting musical features of works across a range of styles and contexts in performance, for example, how are these two performances different, which one was more successful with audiences and why?
  • recognising the influence of social, cultural and historical developments and incorporating these into their performance, using performance techniques and manipulating expressive elements to communicate the composers’ intentions
  • using aural skills and reading notation to develop interpretation as they perform known and unknown repertoire in a range of styles
  • using listening as a research tool to develop aims for a performance, for example, comparing performances and identifying features that audiences connect to

  VCAMUP044 | The Arts | Music | Levels 9 and 10 | Present and Perform

• VCAVAV035

  Experiment with materials, techniques, technologies and processes in a range of art forms to express ideas, concepts and themes in artworks

  Elaborations

  • imagining and refining their visual and spatial expressions of the world, combining a variety of materials, techniques and technologies
  • problem-solving with increasing confidence to expand their repertoire of visual arts practices and skills, for example, designing a mural for a local space
  • exploring artists use of materials and techniques to create artworks for public spaces, for example, researching the context of time and place, culture and ideology as an influence on the look and meaning of art in public spaces
  • developing and refining technical skills when designing and making visual arts images and objects, employing safe and sustainable practices
  • annotating their own and others’ art making by keeping a written or digital journal, or portfolio

  VCAVAV035 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Visual Arts Practices

• VCFRU071

  Investigate the nature and extent of French language use in both Australian and global contexts

  Elaborations

  • analysing the influence of French language and culture in international contexts and activities (for example, the Olympic Committee, the International Court of Justice) and in the Australian community, (for example, sporting events, food, fashion, film industry)
  • tracking the contribution of French migrants and settlers to different phases of Australian history,( for example, as explorers, prisoners, refugees, traders, farmers, post-war migrants)
  • researching the extent and impact of French language networks, associations and activities in different Australian communities, (for example by creating a database or information wall, listing activities, events, exchanges and media organisations)

  VCFRU071 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCGGK121

  Causes of a geomorphological hazard and its impacts on places and human responses to it to minimise harmful effects on places in the future

  Elaborations

  • investigating the natural causes and spatial distribution of a geomorphological hazard. For example, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and avalanches
  • discussing the extent to which human alteration of environments has contributed to the occurrence of the geomorphological hazard
  • describing how the effects caused by geomorphological hazards are influenced by social, cultural and economic factors. For example, where people choose to live, poverty, and lack of infrastructure and resources to prepare and respond
  • researching how the application of principles of prevention, mitigation and preparedness minimises the harmful effects of geomorphological hazards
  • investigating the negative and positive impacts of bushfires on Australian landscapes and ways of responding to the risk and events of bushfires

  VCGGK121 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Landforms and landscapes

• VCAVAE034

  Explore how artists use materials, techniques, technologies and processes to realise their intentions in artworks

  Elaborations

  • investigating the viewpoints of several artists and how they express a theme, concept or subject matter in different contexts and using different styles with different materials and technologies
  • exploring how artists have used different materials and symbols to express cultural identity for example, identifying implied meaning through the symbols in the artwork, such as a universal symbol that reflects contemporary youth culture, or the symbols of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • selecting contextual information about artists, artworks and audiences as inspiration for their artworks
  • discussing and documenting their choices of expression to strengthen meaning and viewpoints in their artwork
  • researching artworks that provide different ideas and concepts based on ideological views and institutional theories of design and art practice, for example, the Bauhaus movement, Chinese social realist painting, Greek classical sculpture
  • applying critical theories to the analysis and interpretation of artworks, for example, identifying explicit and implicit meanings in artworks

  VCAVAE034 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCARU186

  Reflect on the dynamic nature of language, relating it to constantly changing environments and cultural conditions such as contact with other languages and cultures and changing circumstances in local and global contexts

  Elaborations

  • recognising that language changes over time, for example, by viewing classical and contemporary Arabic films and comparing how certain ideas and concepts are differently represented through the language used
  • examining how English is influencing and modifying Arabic language use in particular settings, for example, in the entertainment industry, such as in films and television programs; in online contexts; and in language used to express global concepts such as الدّيمقراطيّة؛ الّليبراليّة
  • considering how moving between Modern Standard Arabic and regional dialects reflects personal, social and political histories and changing contexts

  VCARU186 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU207

  Reflect on the dynamic and ecological nature of language that interacts with constantly changing environments such as contact with different languages and cultures and changing sociocultural circumstances in local and global contexts, identifying and illustrating examples from Korean language...

  Elaborations

  • exploring how Korean language has changed over time, for example, by viewing Korean dramas in historical settings and those in contemporary settings and comparing the language used between people in comparable relationships such as between family members
  • examining possible influences on language change in Korean, such as exposure to other languages, contexts of use and the development of digital technology
  • comparing spoken and written texts (for example, spoken and print advertisements, face-to-face conversations and emails) to understand how mode relates to linguistic structures and features, and how this affects meaning
  • understanding that languages incorporate other languages into their systems and examining how this takes place in Korean, for example, 조깅해요, 온라인으로

  VCKOU207 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRC107

  Adapt and present information and ideas on a variety of topics using presentation modes selected to suit different audiences and to achieve specific purposes

  Elaborations

  • expressing opinions of an event or performance, such as a contemporary film or a theatre performance
  • presenting information in different formats, such as captioned photographs, PowerPoints or emails, on cultural events
  • explaining a custom or practice from the culture of the target language to an Australian audience, using simple language and supporting graphics, materials and gestures
  • creating persuasive texts, such as brochures or video clips, for example, to encourage people from the wider community to attend a cultural event
  • conveying information in texts, such as brochures, notices, cartoons, video clips, to introduce and explain aspects of the art, history and culture of the language and their influence

  VCNRC107 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• Languages | Indonesian: Learning in Indonesian

  Indonesian language learning

  Indonesian is a standardised language that is the official language of government, education, business and the media. It has been and continues to be shaped (for example, in terms of lexicon, grammatical structures and idiomatic usage) by other languages, most significantly...

  Overview material | Indonesian

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students read nonfiction texts that are often glossed in Pinyin or supported with vocabulary lists. Written language use includes learning to read extracts from both Chinese and English literature to compare features of individual works. They learn to analyse new characters encountered in texts...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence