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• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students recognise and use intonation patterns to express different meanings. They apply their knowledge of sound–letter associations to spell new words. They recognise and use elements of grammar such as gender and singular/plural forms, simple verb forms, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students expand their range of vocabulary beyond their immediate world and familiar experiences. They make clearer distinctions between stress and intonation patterns to increase fluency and enhance expression. They develop broader grammatical knowledge, using present, past and future tenses of...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence

• Technologies | Digital Technologies: Structure

  Digital Technologies comprises of three related strands: Digital Systems, Data and Information, and Creating Digital Solutions.

  Strands	Digital Systems	Data and Information	Creating Digital Solutions
  	Focuses on the hardware, software and network components of digital systems. Students initially...

  Overview material | Digital Technologies

• The Arts | Drama: Structure

  Strands

  The curriculum is structured around four interdependent strands, each of which involves making and responding.

  Strand	Explore and Express Ideas	Drama Practices	Present and Perform	Respond and Interpret
  	Focuses on imagining and creating characters, roles and situations. Students...

  Overview material | Drama

• The Arts | Media Arts: Structure

  The curriculum is structured around four strands, each of which involves making and responding.

  Strand	Explore and Represent Ideas	Media Arts Practices	Present and Perform	Respond and Interpret
  	Exploring and experimenting with ideas and representations using images, sound and text. Manipulating...

  Overview material | Media Arts

• The Arts | Visual Arts: Structure

  Strands

  The curriculum is structured around four strands, each of which involves making and responding.

  Strand	Explore and Express Ideas	Visual Arts Practices	Present and Perform	Respond and Interpret
  	Exploring, imagining, experimenting and expressing ideas, concepts, themes, values, beliefs, observations...

  Overview material | Visual Arts

• The Humanities: About the Humanities

  In the Victorian Curriculum F–10, the Humanities includes Civics and Citizenship, Economics and Business, Geography and History.

  The Humanities provide a framework for students to examine the complex processes that have shaped the modern world and to investigate responses to different challenges...

  Overview material | The Humanities

• Technologies | Design and Technologies: Learning in Design and Technologies

  In Design and Technologies, students are actively engaged in the processes of creating designed solutions for personal, domestic and global settings for a sustainable future. For younger children, this usually involves personal and family settings, where there is an immediate, direct and tangible...

  Overview material | Design and Technologies

• VCASFU036

  Explore connections between identity and cultural values and beliefs and the expression of these connections in Auslan

  Elaborations

  • exploring culture as an essential part of human life, understanding that it is shared and passed on between generations and is closely connected to language and to identity
  • understanding that culture is more than the visible aspects of people’s lives; that it also includes invisible elements such as beliefs and values, how people think about themselves and others, how they relate to their social and physical environments, and how these understandings apply to themselves as users of Auslan and members of the Deaf community
  • recognising that in each culture there are general rules for what to say and do, when, where and with whom, and that these rules differ from culture to culture, for example, the Deaf culture places greater importance on eye contact than cultures that communicate through spoken languages
  • recognising that language reflects values and beliefs, such as in expressions of personal identity or in the recognition of others (sameness and difference), for example by identifying deaf family members as part of introductions, and by relaying cultural information about background and context and shared knowledge when interacting with others
  • appreciating the social and cultural nature of deaf humour in a visual language

  VCASFU036 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELU030

  Develop knowledge of vocabulary and sentence structures to elaborate meaning, for example, by using a range of verbs and tenses, personal pronouns, adverbs, adjectives and time indicators to describe, situate and link people, objects and events

  Elaborations

  • extending understanding and use of present, past and future tenses, for example, είμαι, ήμουν, θα είμαι, έχω, είχα, θα έχω, έπαιζα, έπαιξα, παίζω, θα παίξω, θα παίζω
  • referring to the past, present and future using time indicators, for example, σήμερα, αύριο, χτες, μεθαύριο, προχτές, πριν λίγες μέρες
  • expanding use of adjectives such as μεγάλος-η-ο, ωραίος-α-ο, απίθανος-η-ο, φοβερός-η-ο
  • using possessive and object pronouns μου, σου, του, της, του, μας, σας, τους
  • extending meaning by using adverbs of place and time such as εδώ, εκεί, χτες, μεθαύριο,
  • understanding the use of πολύ
  • using expressions with the verb κάνω, κάνει κρύο/ζέστη, κάνω δουλειές, κάνω όνειρα, τι κάνεις;
  • understanding the function of comparative and superlative adjectives, for example, πιο μεγάλος, μεγαλύτερος, ο πιο μεγάλος
  • developing knowledge of vocabulary relating to, for example, immediate environments, relationships, leisure, hobbies, shopping, travel

  VCELU030 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU084

  Recognise regular and variable elements of spoken Hindi, such as social and regional variations in the pronunciation of diphthongs, or inconsistencies between Hindi pronunciation and spelling and variations from Sanskrit and Perso-Arabic conventions

  Elaborations

  • increasing control of regular and irregular elements of spoken and written Hindi, such as the influence of accents and expression on pronunciation and spelling, for example, the use of वो in spoken Hindi in place of वह in written Hindi
  • recognising ways in which genres of written literary Hindi may differ from everyday speech registers, for example, the use of Sanskrit words in official Hindi, with terms like विनिर्माण क्षेत्र for the manufacturing sector, demonstrating understanding of how such terms are written and spoken
  • understanding that the appreciation of film song lyrics and verse forms can be enhanced by understanding how compound words are formed in Arabic and Persian and used in Hindi, for example, in the film title मुग़ल- ए- आज़म
  • recognising the impermanent and fluid nature of spoken language and how it is influenced by local customs, cultures and regional languages, for example, the addition of honorifics such as sister, ताई, to women’s names by Marathi speakers and देवी to married women’s names by Biharis
  • identifying features of spoken language, such as the use of repetition, pauses, interruptions, incomplete sentences and non-verbal expression, which are not represented in written Hindi but are important elements of ‘live’ interactions
  • recognising and responding to challenges associated with clarity and pace in audio texts such as airport announcements or recorded phone messages

  VCHIU084 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU122

  Know how to construct different types of texts to suit different contexts, purposes and audiences, incorporating appropriate cultural elements

  Elaborations

  • understanding the significance and cultural importance of features of different types of texts, such as forms of address or language associated with rituals or celebrations, such as आदरणीय, पूज्य, मान्यवर , महोदय (formal) प्रिय मित्र (informal)
  • identifying key features and structures of familiar texts types to understand unfamiliar content, for example, recognising core words associated with time or place in airport announcements, ‘reading’ images as well as written language in advertisements
  • recognising the format of different Hindi texts and stylistic conventions such as the need for elaborated forms of address in formal invitations or congratulations, understanding how these vary according to the context, occasion and intended audience
  • composing and comparing examples of familiar texts such as emails, songs, slogans or public signs, noticing how choice of language and text structure positions the reader and indicates the text’s purpose
  • comparing language features of Hindi and English versions of genres such as news headlines or school reports, noticing differences that appear to be culturally significant
  • composing a formal and an informal version of a selected text genre, such as a written invitation or a text message, for example, मोहन और गीता की सगाई के शुभ अवसर पर आपकी परिवार सहित उपस्थिति प्रार्थनीय है। क्या तुम... के दिन.. समय मुझे मिल सकते हो?

  VCHIU122 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU083

  Analyse the ways in which Indonesian varies according to spoken and written forms, cultural context and subcultures

  Elaborations

  • comparing spoken and written texts (for example, spoken and print advertisements, face-to-face conversations and emails) to understand how mode relates to linguistic structures and features, and how this affects meaning
  • analysing examples of colloquial language, such as that used by sub-groups (for example, Bahasa gaul, Bahasa SMS), and comparing these to formal forms
  • understanding how body language varies across cultures, for example, lowering body position when speaking to someone in authority to show respect; not raising voice or laughing loudly; smiling and nodding while listening to people, even when hearing bad news
  • understanding that many Indonesians are familiar with a range of languages (for example, Bahasa baku, Bahasa daerah, Bahasa gaul and English) and can shift between these depending on the context, and considering how this compares to those who are monolingual

  VCIDU083 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU015

  Identify textual conventions of familiar spoken, written and multimodal types of texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising structures and key features of familiar types of texts such as めいし、 emails, conversations, speeches, advertisements, stories and songs, identifying formulaic expressions and comparing with similar texts in English, for example, by comparing ways of answering the phone or starting and ending a letter
  • identifying how certain types of texts are typically constructed, for example, the use of particular layouts, visual images and grammatical features in advertisements, manga or brochures
  • understanding that the format of Japanese texts can include either たてがき or よこがき、 according to the context, purpose and intended audience
  • understanding how to create textual cohesion, using elements such as paragraphing or conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and to maintain the flow of expression, for example, そして、それから、 でも
  • understanding conventions associated with using げんこうようし、 for example, the size of small characters, the position in the square and the placing of punctuation

  VCJAU015 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU015

  Recognise that different words, expressions and gestures are used by speakers of Turkish to address and greet people in different contexts and situations

  Elaborations

  • identifying different relationships between people by noticing how they speak to each other, for example, in storybooks, real life conversations, puppet plays or video clips
  • understanding that different forms of Turkish are used by people in different contexts and relationships, for example, the appropriate use of pronouns, sen and siz, and honorifics, Orhan Bey, Ayla Hanım, Sayın, Hakan Ağabey, Cengiz Amca, Ayşe Teyze
  • understanding that interactions such as greetings vary according to time of day, occasion,degree of familiarity and age of people involved, for example, günaydın, merhaba, iyi akşamlar, Nasılsın? or Nasılsınız? Ne haber? Ne var, ne yok? Selam!
  • understanding that gestures used in greetings vary according to degrees of familiarity and relationship, for example, kissing hands of elders and placing hands on the forehead
  • recognising the importance of using either formal or informal language in any context, for example, never using first names when addressing elders, such as teachers or parents

  VCTRU015 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHC245

  Plan and negotiate actions to contribute to their local and global community, and suggest alternatives when planning and negotiating

  Elaborations

  • displaying respect for others’ ideas in interactions, agreeing to disagree, or negotiating to achieve agreement, for example, 要么这样吧…; 你看怎么样…; 你说的很有道理，但是…
  • discussing multiple perspectives on topics such as 独生子女政策，言论自由，贫富差距，经济发展与环境保护, and raising awareness among peers and members of school community to enhance mutual understanding of others’ perspectives
  • comparing different learning environments and approaches to learning, for example, reflecting on prior learning experiences and suggesting the advantages and disadvantages of different educational systems (中国的教育是应试教育，注重死记硬背，澳洲的教育是启发式教育，培养的是学生的独立思考能力)
  • discussing issues encountered in their daily life when communicating across cultures, such as specific ‘cultural barriers’ and misunderstandings in communication, for example, 家长应不应该尊重孩子的个人隐私？
  • understanding the history of their local Chinese community and the multicultural nature of Australian society, for example, interviewing older migrants about their experiences as Chinese Australians (老一代的华人在餐饮、 木工、 香蕉种植等方面为澳洲做出了贡献，新一代的华人更多的是在金融、法律、医生等行业发展)
  • identifying areas of need within the local community and collaborating with others to provide support, for example, visiting aged-care facilities or helping to organise a cultural event to enhance understanding of Chinese culture within their own school and local communities (我们上个周末去华人养老院做义工，接触了很多很有意思的老人)

  VCZHC245 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCARU117

  Recognise that there are variations in the language used by Arabic speakers in different situations, such as at home with family, and that the language used varies between different Arabic speakers

  Elaborations

  • understanding that different forms of address and greetings are used depending on the time of day and the gender, background and social status of the participants, for example,

    مرحبا ؛ صباح الخير/ مساء الخير؛ سلام ونعمة؛ السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته؛ سلام الرب معك

    ماما؛ بابا؛ عم أمين؛ خالتي سعاد

  • recognising that informal forms of address are very common among speakers of Arabic and are acceptable across Arabic communities, for example

    عمو عادل؛ عمة هناء؛ خالة عبير؛ ست أمل؛ تيتا وداد؛ جدو

  • explaining how their spoken language at home may vary from the spoken language in class, and understanding similarities and differences between various dialects represented within the classroom

  VCARU117 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCARU135

  Recognise that languages change over time and influence one another

  Elaborations

  • identifying how Arabic has influenced other languages, for example, Indonesian (Kitab = كتاب, Kursi =كرسي) and Spanish (aceite = زيت), and the number system in English
  • understanding that Arabic, like all languages, is constantly expanding in response to intercultural experiences to include new words and expressions, for example,

    دردشة على الإنترنت

  • recognising that some Arabic words are derived from other languages, such as الفستق , which is borrowed from Greek to mean ‘pistachio’; or قز , which is borrowed from Persian to mean ‘raw silk’
  • understanding that some languages are continuously evolving while others are endangered or being revived, for example, indigenous languages throughout the world, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages in Australia

  VCARU135 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFC155

  Describe ways in which communicating and behaving when using Auslan are similar to or different from their use of their own language(s) and forms of cultural expression

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on similarities and differences between ways of communicating in Auslan and in their first language in different social situations, for example, when greeting/leave-taking; introducing people; and using body language, facial expression and eye contact
  • comparing their own and each other’s reflections on the experience of learning and communicating in Auslan, and considering whether their attitudes or understandings have changed through this experience
  • reflecting on similarities and differences in communication that reflect culture, such as visual ways of being among deaf people and ways of sharing storytelling or jokes
  • reflecting on the need for sustained eye contact when using Auslan in order to understand a message and before teacher instructions can proceed
  • reflecting on differences in forms of address in signed and spoken languages, for example, not using a person’s name when signing directly to them, unlike the common use of names in Australian English/other languages
  • identifying assumptions that they bring to the experience of learning Auslan and considering how these may change through the learning experience

  VCASFC155 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCAVAP044

  Create, present, analyse and evaluate displays of artwork considering how ideas can be conveyed to an audience

  Elaborations

  • visiting galleries, art museums and public art displays, in formal and informal settings, to research the role of the curator and the evaluate the effective display or exhibition of artworks
  • exploring a range of artworks in different settings and discuss how the location can influence the viewer’s understanding of the artwork.
  • developing and expressing ideas as images, objects and spaces for example, presenting artworks and highlight how artworks demonstrate the interaction between the artist and the audience
  • discussing the presentation and relationships of artworks in an exhibition, and how the display enhances the relationship between the artist and audience
  • applying ethical understandings to a theme, concept or subject matter when making their artworks.
  • investigating the role of commercial galleries and collectors in the making of artworks, for example, sponsorship of work and artworks commissioned for a commercial business
  • documenting experiences and observations from visiting an exhibition and apply this knowledge to develop a physical or virtual exhibition of their own or others’ artworks

  VCAVAP044 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 9 and 10 | Present and Perform