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• VCLAE016

  Read, analyse and interpret Latin texts, using vocabulary, grammar and textual cues, to engage with the Roman world

  Elaborations

  • predicting the context and content of Latin texts through initial holistic reading, by identifying key words and phrases, for example, Romani Carthaginienses valde timebant
  • inferring the meaning of new words, using knowledge of the text type and the author’s purpose and technique, for example, res, gero, rem gerere
  • investigating and explaining the effect of word order in Latin in producing emphasis and tone, such as indignation, anger, suspense, for example, qualis vir? conclamant omnes; miser Catulle
  • examining and interpreting complex sentence structures, such as conditional sentences, indirect speech and subordinate clauses, for example, adjectival, causal, purpose or result clauses, indirect questions or commands
  • reflecting on the precise use of tenses in Latin and making comparisons with English, for example, cotidie ibat; si veneris
  • explaining how the coherence of complex texts relies on devices that signal text structure and guide readers, for example, paulisper … dum … interea …; primo … deinde … tandem; non solum … verum etiam
  • investigating how different conjunctions are used in complex sentences to extend, elaborate and explain ideas, for example, in periodic sentences using quod, quamquam, cum
  • explaining allusions to historical or mythological characters which exemplify Roman values and attitudes, such as Romulus and Remus, Lucretia, Horatius, Cloelia
  • discussing conventions of Latin texts, such as letter format, for example, Marcus Quinto SPD … cura ut valeas, or metre in poetry, for example, acknowledging quantities
  • recognising positive and negative cultural connotations of concepts implicit in Latin vocabulary, for example, rex, imperium
  • analysing cultural values and attitudes embedded in language use, for example, vocabulary and expressions particular to festivals and ceremonies such as Io triumphe; ave Caesar
  • discussing the function and power of cultural representations such as symbols, for example, SPQR, aquila, fasces
  • justifying interpretations of texts, using examples or quotations from or references to the text, such as line numbers or a paraphrase of a longer section of text
  • constructing, editing and presenting interpretations of and responses to literary Latin, using ICT collaboratively

  VCLAE016 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Accessing the Roman world through Latin texts

• VCTRU064

  Understand and use grammatical forms and structures such as reduplication, auxiliary verbs, particles and honorific forms, using metalanguage to identify or explain forms, structures and parts of speech

  Elaborations

  • recognising and using reflexive, reciprocal, causative and passive verbal mood suffixes in simple sentences, for example, Ozan yıkandı ve sonra giyindi (reflexive), Maçtan sonra arkadaşı ile buluştu (reciprocal), Dün kuaförde saçını kestirdi (causative), Bugün işten kovuldu (passive)
  • using verb conjugation in different tenses to form new words and phrases, for example, açıkladım, açıklayacaklar, iyi açıklıyor
  • learning the conditions that apply to using familiar and formal second person singular forms -n and -n(ı)z, for example, yemeğin hazır, yemeğiniz hazır and second person pronouns, sen and siz
  • understanding and using the three types of reduplication for emphasis, for example, emphatic reduplication, kapkara, upuzun, -m reduplication, çirkin mirkin, Selma’yı Melma’yı görmedim and doubling, as in yavaş yavaş, ikişer ikişer, koşa koşa, ağlaya ağlaya
  • learning to use more complex conjunctions, such as hem... hem de, ne... ne, ki, ancak, yoksa, oysa, hatta, rağmen, yani, -e göre
  • using different types of formal and informal honorific forms, such as Bey/Hanım, Amca/Teyze, Efendi, Ağa/Hanımağa, Sayın, abi/ağabey/abla, hoca/öğretmen, bay/bayan
  • using a range of interrogative word endings and more complex interrogative pronouns, for example, Babam kahveyi yapacak mı? Sunumu beraber yapıyor muyuz? Ne kadar uzun olsun? Yaklaşık otuz santim
  • using compound and complex sentences, for example, Ayşe telefonda konuşur ve bilgisayarda oyun oynar, Ama Zeynep ne telefonda konuşmaktan ne de bilgisayarda oyun oynamaktan hoşlanır
  • recognising a wider range of idiomatic expressions and using a variety of phrases to discuss opinions
  • developing metalanguage for identifying and explaining different types of adverbs, adjectives and sentence structures relating to grammatical functions, such as predicates, subjects and objects
  • learning how to use different auxiliary verbs formed by adding verbs such as etmek, kılmak, kalmak and olmak to nouns and attaching them to single-syllable words, for example, reddetmek, affetmek, kaybolmak but yardım etmek, namaz kılmak, geç kalmak

  VCTRU064 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCADAR016

  Respond to dance and describe some of the characteristics they observe

  Elaborations

  • discussing basic features, such as what is the dance about, its costumes, movements
  • identifying where they have experience dance in their lives, for example, community, social events and what these dances are about
  • identifying in dance the different feelings about the world and other people’s ideas and explore how each dance can be different

  VCADAR016 | The Arts | Dance | Level D | Respond and Interpret

• VCAVAV042

  Select and manipulate materials, techniques, and technologies and processes in a range of art forms to express ideas, concepts and themes

  Elaborations

  • developing technical proficiency in designed and constructed artworks, using safe and sustainable practices
  • using innovative thinking as to explore the capabilities of digital and virtual technologies to resolve design and planning problems
  • developing skills that can transfer to cross-media domains of visual arts and identify the translation of skills

  VCAVAV042 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 9 and 10 | Visual Arts Practices

• VCCCL022

  Explain how Australia’s legal system aims to provide justice, including through the rule of law, presumption of innocence, burden of proof, right to a fair trial and right to legal representation

  Elaborations

  • discussing the role of the Magna Carta in establishing the principle of a fair trial
  • discussing the elements of a 'fair trial', including citizens' roles as witnesses and jurors
  • exploring how Australians can receive access to justice and legal representation, such as through legal aid
  • discussing the meaning and importance of the rule of law, presumption of innocence, and burden of proof

  VCCCL022 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCL034

  Discuss the key principles of Australia’s justice system, including equality before the law, independent judiciary, and right of appeal

  Elaborations

  • identifying the key principles and explaining what is meant by each principle and discussing how each works to protect citizens and contribute to a fair society
  • identifying and explaining factors that can undermine the application of the principles of justice, for example bribery, coercion of witnesses, trial by media, and court delays

  VCCCL034 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCL004

  Explain how and why people make rules

  Elaborations

  • identifying how some rules can protect the rights of others, for example rules in the classroom
  • identifying who has the authority to make rules, for example at school or in a sporting club
  • investigating and explaining cultural norms behind some rule making, such as removing shoes before entering places of cultural significance

  VCCCL004 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 3 and 4 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCTM020

  Investigate a range of problem-solving strategies, including brainstorming, identifying, comparing and selecting options, and developing and testing hypotheses

  Elaborations

  • identifying and applying techniques to improve brainstorming such as setting time limits or swapping notes part way through to then build on another’s ideas
  • undertaking trials to develop an hypothesis about the relationship between two variables, for example between the angle of a boomerang and distance, and reflecting on how hypotheses can be used to make predictions for different purposes

  VCCCTM020 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 3 and 4 | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTM062

  Experience various problem solving approaches

  Elaborations

  • encountering their world through sensory experiences and sharing responses to solve a problem
  • beginning to develop preferences to people and objects through experiences
  • experiencing their wants and needs being interpreted and solved by an adult
  • experiencing a variety of strategies that can be used to assist them to solve a problem

  VCCCTM062 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level A | Meta-Cognition

• VCDSTC011

  Explore and communicate the characteristics and properties of familiar designed solutions in at least two technologies contexts

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with materials and techniques to make movement, for example, to roll or float
  • exploring the safe use of tools in the care and use of plants and animals
  • using tools and equipment safely and hygienically to prepare simple, healthy food
  • discovering uses for materials and components, for example, how household packaging can be used to represent other objects

  VCDSTC011 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Level D | Technologies Contexts

• VCDTCD003

  Experience steps involved in completing a routine task

  Elaborations

  • watching the presentation of an event in a series of slides or screens accompanied by text and pictures
  • carrying out a simple step-by-step procedure such as cleaning teeth
  • showing how everyday tasks can be broken down through displays and visual schedules

  VCDTCD003 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Level A | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD018

  Explore how people safely use common information systems to meet information, communication and recreation needs

  Elaborations

  • sharing and describing ways that common information systems can be used to meet communication needs, for example computers can be used as phones and social networking tools allowing communication between families living in different regions
  • recognising and discussing the need for cyber-safety when using online information systems, for example recognising that shared personal information can be used for undesirable purposes and that using a password is a means of protecting identity
  • recognising safe ergonomic practices when children are playing with information systems, for example recognising the need to take regular breaks to avoid eye strain and repetitive strain injuries
  • discussing how a range of information systems support personal needs and impact on others, for example text to speech software can be used to meet the communications needs of people with vision loss
  • sharing ideas about the ways information systems are being used by families and friends in everyday life, for example comparing current digital play equipment with play equipment of 20 years ago

  VCDTCD018 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Foundation to Level 2 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCEALC322

  Initiate and maintain short, structured social interactions with increasing fluency

  Elaborations

  • developing fluency in interactions with peers and familiar adults around personal and familiar topics such as introducing self
  • using simple conversation openers, turn-taking, leave-taking and social formulas such as ‘Excuse me’, ‘Can you please …?’, ‘Yes, thank you’
  • negotiating meaning through use of gestures, modified speech, simple questions and clarifications

  VCEALC322 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL472

  Combine simple sentences using common conjunctions

  Elaborations

  • combining simple sentences using a range of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, for example ‘We need trees so we should not cut them all down’, ‘Riding motorbikes can be dangerous, but people still like to do it because it is exciting’

  VCEALL472 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL338

  Use simple forms of modality

  Elaborations

  • understanding simple modality, such as ‘if’, ‘could’, ‘might’, ‘will’, ‘must’, ‘perhaps’, when listening to others
  • beginning to use modality through verbs (‘It might rain’, ‘You can do it’) and adverbs (‘Perhaps I will go’, ‘This is really tasty’)

  VCEALL338 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL695

  Identify specific pronunciation problems that need attention

  Elaborations

  • identifying key words in a text that may pose pronunciation problems, based on general guidance from the teacher, such as ‘Highlight all the words ending in a consonant’
  • articulating specific difficulties with pronunciation, such as ‘I can’t tell the difference between “walk” and “work”’

  VCEALL695 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL099

  Recognise questions or statements through word order and vocabulary, as well as through intonation

  Elaborations

  • distinguishing between questions and statements based on intonation
  • recognising common forms of statements, for example ‘I am …’, ‘This is …’
  • recognising ‘Who’, ‘When’, ‘Where’, ‘How’ and ‘Why’ question forms
  • recognising a range of different question openers, such as ‘Do you ...?’, ‘Can anybody …?’, ‘Is it …?’

  VCEALL099 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL254

  Use a range of learnt word patterns for appropriate purposes

  Elaborations

  • using formulas for a range of purposes, including asking questions, supporting social interaction or self-expression, such as ‘What’s the time?’, ‘Oh, no!’, ‘Excellent work’, ‘Well done’
  • using longer formulaic constructions to articulate needs, such as ‘Can I eat lunch?’, ‘I want to go toilet’

  VCEALL254 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL125

  Understand and use a small range of metalanguage for elements of texts

  Elaborations

  • understanding terminology such as ‘author’, ‘title’, ‘letter’, ‘word’, ‘sentence’
  • locating and labelling features of a text, such as author, heading, diagram, blurb
  • identifying features of a text in answer to questions, for example ‘Who is the author of this book?’, ‘Where can we find the contents page?’

  VCEALL125 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL131

  Relate most letters of the alphabet to sounds

  Elaborations

  • using the common sound of each letter when reading a new word
  • understanding that a letter can represent more than one sound
  • pronouncing the sound of each letter when sounding out new words
  • recognising beginning, middle or final sounds in words

  VCEALL131 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features