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• VCMMG316

  Use the enlargement transformation to explain similarity and develop the conditions for triangles to be similar

  Elaborations

  • establishing the conditions for similarity of two triangles and comparing this to the conditions for congruence
  • using the properties of similarity and ratio, and correct mathematical notation and language, to solve problems involving enlargement. For example, scale diagrams
  • using the enlargement transformation to establish similarityunderstanding that similarity and congruence help describe relationships between geometrical shapes and are important elements of reasoning and proof

  VCMMG316 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Geometric reasoning

• VCMNA129

  Investigate the conditions required for a number to be odd or even and identify odd and even numbers

  Elaborations

  • identifying even numbers using skip counting by twos or by grouping even collections of objects in twos
  • explaining why all numbers that end in the digits 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 are even and that numbers ending in 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 are odd

  VCMNA129 | Mathematics | Level 3 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCSSU089

  Scientific knowledge and understanding of the world changes as new evidence becomes available; science knowledge can develop through collaboration and connecting ideas across the disciplines and practice of science

  Elaborations

  • investigating how advances in telescopes and space probes have provided new evidence about space
  • investigating how the development of microscopes has changed understanding of cell function and malfunction, and how this has led to improved medical treatments for disease
  • investigating how knowledge of the location and extraction of mineral resources relies on expertise from across the disciplines of science
  • considering how advances in technology, combined with scientific understanding of the functioning of body systems, has enabled organ repair and replacement
  • investigating how land management practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples can help inform sustainable management of the environment

  VCSSU089 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCSSU104

  Energy appears in different forms including movement (kinetic energy), heat, light, chemical energy and potential energy; devices can change energy from one form to another

  Elaborations

  • recognising that kinetic energy is the energy possessed by moving bodies
  • recognising that potential energy is stored energy, for example, gravitational, chemical and elastic energy
  • using flow diagrams to illustrate changes between different forms of energy
  • investigating the energy transformations in devices, for example, a catapult or a water wheel

  VCSSU104 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCHPEM027

  Use trial and error to develop balance, independent moving across surfaces and manipulation skills

  Elaborations

  • actively exploring their environment and trialling a number of ideas when trying new movements
  • beginning to negotiate steps and uneven surfaces
  • developing balance whilst moving over large pieces of equipment and around an environment
  • developing their fine motor grasp and manipulation skills as they reach for, grasp and hold object
  • attempting to solve a movement challenge by moving from one place to another

  VCHPEM027 | Health and Physical Education | Level B | Movement and Physical Activity | Learning through movement

• VC2M10AM01

  solve problems involving surface area and volume of right pyramids, right cones, spheres and related composite solids

  Elaborations

  • using formulas to solve problems
  • using authentic situations to apply knowledge and understanding of surface area and volume

  VC2M10AM01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 10A | Measurement

• VCMMG365

  Solve problems involving surface area and volume of right pyramids, right cones, spheres and related composite solids

  Elaborations

  • using formulas to solve problems
  • using authentic situations to apply knowledge and understanding of surface area and volume

  VCMMG365 | Mathematics | Level 10A | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement

• VCMMG343

  Solve problems involving surface area and volume for a range of prisms, cylinders and composite solids

  Elaborations

  • investigating and determining the volumes and surface areas of composite solids by considering the individual solids from which they are constructed

  VCMMG343 | Mathematics | Level 10 | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement

• VCEBW025

  Research the way the work environment is changing in contemporary Australia and analyse the implications for current and future work

  Elaborations

  • researching current trends in the types of work available, the changes occurring, and the implications for future employment
  • analysing how technology, globalisation and sustainability have affected the way we work
  • investigating a range of occupations and the skills and dispositions required in different fields

  VCEBW025 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Work and Work Futures

• VC2M9M02

  solve problems involving very small and very large measurements, timescales and intervals expressed in scientific notation

  Elaborations

  • representing very large and very small real numbers in scientific notation, converting real numbers expressed in scientific notation into decimal form; for example, the approximate geological age of Earth is 4.6 × 10⁹ years, and the mass of a glucose molecule is 2.99 × 10⁻²² grams
  • using knowledge of place value and applying exponent laws to operate with numbers expressed in scientific notation in applied contexts; for example, performing calculations involving extremely small numbers in scientific and other contexts
  • examining the degree of accuracy that different measurement instruments provide in a science laboratory, such as a measuring cylinder compared with a pipette, and recording data values to the correct degree of accuracy using appropriate scientific notation

  VC2M9M02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Measurement

• VCSSU116

  The values and needs of contemporary society can influence the focus of scientific research

  Elaborations

  • investigating how social actions have led to changed government policies and social behavioural change in relation to the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in aerosol spray cans
  • considering how choices related to the use of fuels are influenced by environmental, social and political considerations
  • considering the use of genetic testing for decisions such as genetic counselling, embryo selection, identification of carriers of genetic mutations and the use of this information for personal use or by organisation such as insurance companies or medical facilities

  VCSSU116 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCAMUP023

  Rehearse and perform songs and instrumental music they have learnt and composed to communicate ideas to an audience

  Elaborations

  • working collaboratively to make choices about dynamics to perform a variety of music such as songs and rounds using their natural voice
  • following cues when performing songs and short instrumental pieces they have learnt
  • experimenting with contrasting tempos and sudden and gradual changes of dynamics to achieve particular effects in performance
  • accurately playing and singing rhythmic and melodic phrases and patterns using their voices, tuned and untuned instruments
  • clapping the repeating pattern in a piece, identifying which instruments played the melody and the accompaniment

  VCAMUP023 | The Arts | Music | Levels 1 and 2 | Present and Perform

• The Humanities | History: Learning in History

  Historical concepts and skills

  In the History curriculum, students have the opportunity to develop historical understanding through the application of the following historical concepts and skills:

  • sequencing chronology
  • using historical sources as evidence
  • identifying continuity and change
  • analysing...

  Overview material | History

• VCCCTQ044

  Suspend judgements to allow new possibilities to emerge and investigate how this can broaden ideas and solutions

  Elaborations

  • comparing a creative process that quickly follows initial judgements to one that intentionally suspends judgements over a period of time and reflecting on the quality of the ideas produced
  • exploring optimum conditions for an ‘incubation period’ when problem-solving, for example ‘sleeping on it’, or undertaking a distracting menial task and then returning to the problem
  • using technology for experimenting with the relationships between compositions of functions, such as resultant shapes and behaviours, which may then be used in modelling and understanding a range of real-world phenomena

  VCCCTQ044 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCSSU132

  Energy flow in Earth’s atmosphere can be explained by the processes of heat transfer

  Elaborations

  • recognising that the Law of Conservation of Energy explains that total energy is maintained in energy transfers and transformations
  • recognising that in energy transfers and transformations, a number of steps can occur and the system is not 100% efficient so that usable energy is reduced
  • comparing energy changes in physical events, for example, car crashes, the motion of pendulums, lifting and dropping

  VCSSU132 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCKOU207

  Reflect on the dynamic and ecological nature of language that interacts with constantly changing environments such as contact with different languages and cultures and changing sociocultural circumstances in local and global contexts, identifying and illustrating examples from Korean language...

  Elaborations

  • exploring how Korean language has changed over time, for example, by viewing Korean dramas in historical settings and those in contemporary settings and comparing the language used between people in comparable relationships such as between family members
  • examining possible influences on language change in Korean, such as exposure to other languages, contexts of use and the development of digital technology
  • comparing spoken and written texts (for example, spoken and print advertisements, face-to-face conversations and emails) to understand how mode relates to linguistic structures and features, and how this affects meaning
  • understanding that languages incorporate other languages into their systems and examining how this takes place in Korean, for example, 조깅해요, 온라인으로

  VCKOU207 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELA350

  Investigate how complex sentences can be used in a variety of ways to elaborate, extend and explain ideas

  Elaborations

  • knowing that a complex sentence typically consists of a main clause and a subordinate clause
  • knowing that the function of complex sentences is to make connections between ideas, such as: to provide a reason (for example 'He jumped up because the bell rang'); to state a purpose (for example 'She raced home in order to confront her brother'); to express a condition (for example 'It will break if you push it'); to make a concession (for example 'She went to work even though she was not feeling well'); to link two ideas in terms of various time relations (for example 'Nero fiddled while Rome burned')

  VCELA350 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Writing | Language

• VCTRU084

  Understand that Turkish and other languages and cultures continuously change over time, identifying influences such as education, changing values, new technologies and intercultural exchange

  Elaborations

  • identifying key factors in the ongoing process of change that characterises all languages and cultures, for example, teknoloji, küreselleşme, iletişim, sosyal medya ve popüler kültür, providing examples of how the Turkish language continues to grow, change and adapt in response to these influences, for example, yazıcı, fare, genel ağ, klavye, ekran
  • exploring how the use of Turkish language and the representation of Turkish culture in different media have changed over time, for example, by comparing old Turkish films and commercials in historical and traditional settings with contemporary films or news channels
  • identifying differences in interaction patterns and forms of expression and cultural representation that suggest shifts in cultural values and practices, for example, nesiller arası ilişkiler, kadın-erkek eşitliği, sınıf ayrımı
  • identifying changes to language that reflect changes in social relationships and community attitudes, for example, the use of the word eş, Müdüre Hanım to reflect women’s rights, and engelli instead of özürlü, which reflects changing attitudes towards people with disability
  • identifying how political leaders and language policies can change or promote particular values and beliefs, for example, the change of Turkish script first to Arabic during the Ottoman period under the leadership of the sultans and then to modern Turkish script under the leadership of Atatürk
  • understanding different ways of forming new words, phrases and expressions in Turkish, for example, tarayıcı, yoldaş and demlik through the use of suffixes -daş, -lik and -cı

  VCTRU084 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Indonesian - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students share factual information and opinions about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, pets, friends, pastimes, school and neighbourhood. They interact with others orally and in writing, asking and responding to questions using Siapa, Apakah, Berapa...

  Level description | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• VCGGC104

  Analyse maps and other geographical data and information using digital and spatial technologies as appropriate, to develop identifications, descriptions, explanations and conclusions that use geographical terminology

  Elaborations

  • using aerial images of contrasting places to identify differences in housing density
  • using graphs, weather maps and satellite images to examine the temporal and spatial patterns of a selected hydrological hazard in Australia and another region of the world, such as countries of the Asia region, or from the Pacific region
  • using digital maps and overlays of an area to observe, describe and contrast the spatial associations of geographical phenomena. For example, the relationship between economic activities and river systems and the availability of surface water
  • interpreting topographic maps and digital terrain models, cross-sections or block diagrams to investigate landforms and their features
  • reviewing the results of an analysis to propose and defend answers to a question, emphasising at least one of the geographical concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale or change

  VCGGC104 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information