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• VCELA397

  Understand how rhetorical devices are used to persuade and how different layers of meaning are developed through the use of metaphor, irony and parody

  Elaborations

  • identifying and evaluating examples of how rhetorical devices reveal the dark or serious aspects of a topic in ways that cause laughter or amusement, for example by making a statement but implying/meaning the opposite (irony); exaggerating or overstating something (hyperbole); imitating or sending up something (parody), and making something appear less serious than it really is (understatement)

  VCELA397 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA402

  Investigate how visual and multimodal texts allude to or draw on other texts or images to enhance and layer meaning

  Elaborations

  • comprehending a series of static images and combinations of language and images in a picture book, for example title, setting, characters, actions, as well as technical elements including position, size, colour, angle, framing, point of view
  • analysing the relationship between visual elements and text in non-fiction texts such as documentaries, television news, online newspapers and digital magazines

  VCELA402 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA431

  Analyse and explain the use of symbols, icons and myth in still and moving images and how these augment meaning

  Elaborations

  • investigating the use of symbols, for example the flag, the digger’s hat and the Southern Cross in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding of issues, for example national identity, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups

  VCELA431 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA474

  Refine vocabulary choices to discriminate between shades of meaning, with deliberate attention to the effect on audiences

  Elaborations

  • creating texts that demand complex processes of responding, for example the inclusion of symbolism in advertising, foreshadowing in documentary and irony in humorous texts

  VCELA474 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language

• VCELC179

  Create a range of bilingual texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, reflecting on how meaning can be conveyed effectively

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual digital/multimedia texts for Greek speakers in Australia, for example, leaflets promoting the arrival of a famous performer or sports team from Greece or Cyprus
  • creating bilingual digital/multimedia or online texts, such as a children’s story to read to primary school children, for example, the Spot books, Πού είναι ο Σποτ; comparing aspects of language and culture and discussing with peers and teachers how meaning can be conveyed effectively
  • producing bilingual texts such as articles and brochures for different contexts and purposes, and reflecting on the process of working in both Greek and English, for example, an information leaflet for Greek exchange students coming to Australia or for a student study tour to Greece or Cyprus
  • corresponding online with Greek-speaking peers to compare experiences and attitudes, making choices about how to represent intended meaning, for example, exchanging views and opinions about school subjects and future aspirations, Στην Ελλάδα το μάθημα αυτό το λέμε ...

  VCELC179 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELC161

  Translate texts from Greek to English and vice versa, interpreting meaning and identifying words or expressions of specific cultural significance in Greek

  Elaborations

  • translating and interpreting expressions used in routine exchanges in familiar settings and making comparisons with similar exchanges in English
  • translating texts, such as short video clips (without subtitles), posters, advertisements, signs and symbols such as emoticons, and explaining cultural aspects using subtitles, captions, gestures and commentaries
  • using dictionaries (traditional, online or electronic) and other translation tools found online, exploring ways of avoiding literal translations that do not reflect intended meaning
  • comparing translations and interpretations of texts such as songs and advertisements, noticing similarities and differences and reflecting on why interpretations may vary

  VCELC161 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELC178

  Translate and analyse a range of texts from Greek to English and vice versa, comparing interpretations and explaining differences in meaning

  Elaborations

  • exchanging translations of familiar texts with peers, through email or shared spaces such as ePals, and discussing different versions to develop a whole-class translation
  • translating, analysing and explaining expressions and idioms encountered in Greek texts, finding ways to convey the meaning and cultural significance, for example, Φαγητά της ώρας, Τα έκανα θάλασσα
  • translating stories for others, analysing how words can have different meanings when used in different ways in a sentence and explaining the differences to others, for example, in using Πώς πας (στο σχολείο; – με λεωφορείο), Πώς πας (σήμερα Ανδρέα; - τι κάνεις;), Πώς πας (με την εργασία σου; - προχωράς, δυσκολεύεσαι;), Γεια σου (hello, goodbye, cheers, bless you)
  • translating texts to identify and evaluate cultural elements and influences, for example, proverbs and sayings Στου κουφού την πόρτα όσο θέλεις βρόντα, Ας τα λέμε καλά, Τα πολλά λόγια είναι φτώχεια

  VCELC178 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELC110

  Translate familiar words or phrases using visual cues or word lists, explaining the meaning of particular words, gestures or expressions

  Elaborations

  • comparing words and phrases in Greek and in other known languages, observing similarities or differences in terms, for example, the word for ‘mum’ is similar in many languages (mum – η μαμά,) and the word for pineapple is ‘ananas’ in more than 25 languages
  • making comparisons between Greek and English words, noticing similarities, for example, το αλφάβητο, το βάζο, ο Σεπτέμβριος, η σαλάτα, το λεμόνι, η μπανάνα
  • demonstrating to others the ways in which Greek people greet each other non-verbally and how body language is used to communicate `yes` or `no`, `not bad`, ‘What’s the problem?’, Why? and ‘Wow!’ Πoπό!

  VCELC110 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELT375

  Understand, interpret and discuss how language is compressed to produce a dramatic effect in film or drama, and to create layers of meaning in poetry

  Elaborations

  • experiencing the sound and rhythm of poetry and using metalanguage, for example ‘refrain’, ‘chant’ to discuss the layers of meaning that are created

  VCELT375 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Reading and Viewing | Literature

• VCELY161

  Participate in shared editing of students’ own texts for meaning, spelling, capital letters and full stops

  Elaborations

  • rereading collaboratively developed texts to check that they communicate what the authors intended

  VCELY161 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY195

  Reread student's own texts and discuss possible changes to improve meaning, spelling and punctuation

  Elaborations

  • adding or deleting words on page or screen to improve meaning, for example adding an adjective to a noun
  • reading own work aloud to listen for grammatical correctness: checking use of capital letters, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks
  • checking for inclusion of capital letters and full stops
  • identifying words which might not be spelt correctly
  • beginning to use dictionaries and classroom charts to check and correct spelling of less familiar words

  VCELY195 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY300

  Reread and edit for meaning by adding, deleting or moving words or word groups to improve content and structure

  Elaborations

  • revising written texts: editing for grammatical and spelling accuracy and clarity of the text, to improve the connection between ideas and overall fluency

  VCELY300 | Curriculum content | English | Level 4 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY288

  Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning to expand content knowledge, integrating and linking ideas and analysing and evaluating texts

  Elaborations

  • making connections between the text and students’ own experience and other texts
  • making connections between information in print and images
  • building and using prior knowledge and vocabulary
  • finding specific literal information
  • asking and answering questions
  • creating mental images
  • finding the main idea of a text
  • inferring meaning from the ways communication occurs in digital environments including the interplay between words, images, and sounds
  • bringing subject and technical vocabulary and concept knowledge to new reading tasks, selecting and using texts for their pertinence to the task and the accuracy of their information

  VCELY288 | Curriculum content | English | Level 4 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCELY388

  Edit for meaning by removing repetition, refining ideas, reordering sentences and adding or substituting words for impact

  Elaborations

  • using collaborative technologies to jointly construct and edit texts

  VCELY388 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY379

  Analyse and explain the ways text structures and language features shape meaning and vary according to audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • explaining the possible relationship between an author's choices and the features of a text, such as identifying which group would be the most likely target of the information in an advertisement, and justifying why on the basis of textual features

  VCELY379 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCESC190

  Participate in intercultural experiences, reflecting on own ways of communicating and considering how intercultural communication involves shared responsibility for meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • considering how learning and using Spanish offers different ways of interpreting the world and representing experience
  • reflecting on how meaning can be misinterpreted in intercultural interactions, for example, by preparing a shared list of strategies to improve communication and intercultural skills
  • recognising differences in the nature and function of some elements of communication in Spanish compared to English, for example, the enjoyment of debate, disagreement and argument as social rather than confrontational activities; and greater levels of directness in exchanges, such as making requests using direct imperative
  • keeping a record such as a journal, log or online posting of critical incidents and observations in the course of intercultural language learning, such as breakdowns or breakthroughs in communication, and considering why or how they occurred and were repaired
  • recording and sharing reflections on their experiences of learning Spanish and on different reactions to aspects of the language and culture, for example, Tengo problemas pronunciando la doble r, es difícil para mí y se me olvida que la h no suena en español, Me gustaría poder hablar más rápidamente en español

  VCESC190 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCESU014

  Recognise and describe features of familiar types of texts, and notice how these contribute to the making of meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing English and Spanish versions of familiar types of texts, noting similarities and differences in language features and text structure, for example, ways of opening and closing formal or personal letters
  • understanding how to use cohesive devices such as conjunctions and time markers in texts to sequence, link and elaborate ideas, for example, y, o, pero, además, primero, después, de pronto
  • analysing features of common types of texts such as stories, emails, songs and slogans, identifying how the choice of language and structure works to achieve each text’s purpose
  • identifying the intended audience, purpose and key language features of familiar types of texts such as recipes, announcements, road signs or instructions, for example, Primero, se pelan las patatas..., Señores pasajeros, el tren con destino ..., SE RUEGA SILENCIO, Escribir la respuesta a las siguientes preguntas ...

  VCESU014 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU192

  Recognise that pronunciation, intonation, rhythm and pace assist in fluency and in meaning-making in spoken interactions

  Elaborations

  • recognising the role of pronunciation, rhythm, word stress, tempo and tone of voice in effective communication, and applying this knowledge to own interactions
  • using challenging letter combinations in written and spoken Spanish, such as ae in aeropuerto, au in Augusto, ll in ballena, r in pero, rr in perro, d in bondad and the soft t in té,
  • noticing how tone can convey emotions and shade meaning, example, ¡Vamos ya! ¡Corre! ¡Tengo miedo del tigre! ¿Te gustaría ir al cine? ¡No te enojes!
  • applying knowledge of pronunciation, intonation, rhythm and pace to own use of spoken Spanish, for example, when reading stories to younger children, asking questions or expressing emotions such as surprise or sadness

  VCESU192 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU032

  Analyse textual features of spoken, written and digital texts and consider how they shape meaning and influence responses

  Elaborations

  • comparing language features of Spanish and English versions of different types of texts, such as riddles, weather reports, text messages or horoscopes, noting differences that may be culturally significant
  • examining language structures and features used for specific communicative effect, such as to persuade, amuse, sympathise, challenge, include or exclude
  • understanding textual elements that provide coherence at a whole text level, such as cohesive devices (sin, aunque, debido a, según, por otro lado), linked paragraphs, introductions and summaries, and sequencing of ideas

  VCESU032 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRC082

  Reflect on the experience of learning and using French, considering how intercultural communication involves shared responsibility for meaning making

  Elaborations

  • considering how learning and using French and other languages offers different ways of interpreting the world and representing experience
  • keeping a record (for example, journal, log, posting on forum) of critical incidents in the course of intercultural language learning across different levels, (for example, breakdowns or breakthroughs in communication, repair and recovery strategies, and responses and insights to interactions)
  • comparing understandings of the relationship between language, culture and identity, using symbols, graphic representations, images and metaphors to represent how the relationship works
  • discussing how intercultural communication involves being flexible, responsive and open to alternative ways of communicating, (for example, responding to different levels of emotionality or confrontation in debate, or different levels of respect in casual exchanges or service encounters)
  • reflecting on how their own language use and communicative style might be perceived by French speakers, considering concepts such as ‘culture’, ‘attitudes’, ‘assumptions’ and ‘values’

  VCFRC082 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting