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• VCKOC006

  Participate in imaginative experiences by listening to, viewing and reading texts, including online or digital texts, such as songs, stories and cartoons, sharing feelings, responses and ideas about aspects such as characters, settings and plots/events

  Elaborations

  • listening to and reading texts including those in online or digital form such as dialogues, cartoons, comics and stories, taking note of key words or expressions and of language features such as characters’ use of the informal polite-style ending –어/아요
  • identifying and describing characters, settings, events and key ideas in texts, asking each other questions such as 여기는 학교예요, 누구예요? 어디예요? 무엇을 하고 있어요? 왜요?
  • expressing opinions about characters or settings in imaginative texts, using ‘… 같아요’, for example, 뭐예요? / 뭐 같아요? 호랑이 같아요
  • inventing a new aspect of a text, such as a new character, plot, object, perspective or an alternative ending

  VCKOC006 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCVIC018

  Initiate and sustain face-to-face and online interactions with peers and adults to share personal opinions, and compare ideas and experiences on familiar topics such as friendship, leisure activities, teenage life and special events

  Elaborations

  • asking and responding to questions to share and discuss opinions on familiar topics such as friendship, leisure activities, teenage life and special events, for example, Bạn thấy ngày hội thể thao ở trường mình năm nay thế nào? Tốt lắm, năm nay các bạn thi đấu tốt hơn năm rồi. Bạn thích nghe loại nhạc nào? Tôi thích nghe nhạc trẻ
  • using strategies to sustain actual and virtual conversations by further exploring peers’ perspectives on topics of discussion, for example, Bạn thấy phim này hay như thế nào? Tại sao bạn thích ca sĩ Đức Tuấn? Còn có lý do nào khác không?, developing a shared view to enhance understanding or to confirm own opinions, for example, Có bạn thì thích đi ra ngoài chơi, có bạn thì thích ở nhà coi phim. Các bạn khác thì thích phim hành động, còn tôi thì thích phim tình cảm, and elaborating on own ideas, for example, Tôi thích phim này vì nội dung thú vị, cảnh đẹp, diễn viên đẹp và đóng hay
  • describing and comparing personal experiences, for example, Đường phố ở Singapore rất sạch sẽ và đẹp. Tôi thích đi Mỹ vì ở đó có nhiều hàng hóa đẹp và rẻ. Cuối năm rồi gia đình tôi đi Nhật chơi nhưng mà lạnh quá, không đi ra ngoài nhiều được. or, của, hoa đào nở khắp nơi đẹp lắ
  • comparing and discussing with others their future plans and aspirations, and their personality, including strengths and weaknesses, for example, Tôi muốn học đại học, còn bạn thì sao? Tôi muốn trở thành giáo viên. Bạn thấy tôi có thích hợp với nghề dạy học không? Còn bạn thích làm nghề gì? Tính tình tôi vui vẻ nhưng hay nói thẳng nên cũng dễ làm bạn bè giận. Ước gì tôi cũng thông minh và siêng năng như bạn

  VCVIC018 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 description

  Students use an increasing range of vocabulary, become more confident in terms of pronunciation and continue to build grammatical and textual knowledge. They apply phonic knowledge to unfamiliar language and notice the relationship between accents and stress or intonation. They use present, past...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence

• Languages | Chinese: Learning in Chinese

  Chinese language learning

  China's official language is Modern Standard Chinese, or Putonghua (the common or shared language) in Chinese. The language is also referred to as Hanyu, the spoken language of the Han people, or Zhongwen, the written language of China. In Taiwan it is more usually called...

  Overview material | Chinese

• Languages | Modern Greek: Learning in Modern Greek

  Modern Greek language learning

  Modern Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus. It is spoken throughout the world – wherever there are Greek-speaking communities. One of the major characteristics of the extensive Greek Diaspora is the maintenance of the Greek language and culture...

  Overview material | Modern Greek

• Languages | Spanish: Learning in Spanish

  Spanish language learning

  Spanish is a language spoken by approximately 500 million people across the world. Spanish evolved from Latin on the Iberian Peninsula in around the ninth century, and spread from Spain to the Caribbean and to North, Central and South America as a result of the expeditions...

  Overview material | Spanish

• Languages | Turkish: Learning in Turkish

  Turkish language learning

  Turkish is the official language of the Republic of Turkey and one of the official languages of Cyprus. It originated many centuries ago in the Northern Siberian Altay Mountain Range. Nomadic people brought the language with them as they expanded out to Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan...

  Overview material | Turkish

• Drama: Levels 1 and 2 description

  In Levels 1 and 2, students continue their exploration and learning about how ideas and stories can be imagined and communicated through drama. They improvise and create roles, characters and situations and learn about focus and identifying the main idea of the drama. They share their drama with...

  Level description | The Arts | Drama

• VCNRU017

  Recognise that the languages people use reflect their culture, such as who they are, where and how they live, and find examples of similarities and differences between the language being studied and their own ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, considering different lifestyles and symbols such as flags, including the Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islander flag
  • exploring the significance of different cultural practices, activities and games
  • recognising words that reflect aspects of the culture of the language
  • understanding that particular Australian English terms and expressions have no equivalent in the language, for example, billabong, corroboree, the bush
  • recognising features of the target language interactions which may be similar or different to own ways of communicating

  VCNRU017 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCRAC112

  Engage with texts and peers who speak the language, recognising how own cultural assumptions, practices and beliefs influence language and content, and choosing whether and how to make adjustments

  Elaborations

  • interacting with speakers of the language, noticing social norms and practices such as personal space, gender roles, and acceptable topics of conversation and considering own reactions to these
  • sharing experiences with peers through shared digital spaces, text messages and conversations, modifying own language when meaning is not understood, such as explaining an idea or expression that may be culturally specific, for example, ‘the outback’
  • recognising that social values such as politeness can be expressed differently in different cultures
  • monitoring, recording and reflecting on intercultural experiences, examining aspects that were unexpected, comfortable or uncomfortable, successful or unsuccessful, and considering possible reasons for this

  VCRAC112 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• Music: Level A achievement standards

  By the end of Level A, students improvise and perform music. They explore, as appropriate, the sound and feel of their voices and instruments.

  Students react to music they listen to, make and perform.

  Level description | The Arts | Music | Level A

• VCARU183

  Analyse how the use of grammatical elements such as indirect object, passive voice, dual form, verb tense and word order impact on tone, speech level and formality, and on meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • understanding that Arabic uses the dual form of nouns, verbs and adjectives, in both masculine and feminine forms, for example,أنتما تلعبان؛ هذان كتابان؛ الوردتان جميلتان
  • understanding the importance of vocalisation on the subject word and the object word and analysing how this affects the meaning of the sentence, for example,

    كلّمت الأمُّ البنتَ؛ كلّمت الأمَّ البنتُ

  • manipulating interrogative verb forms to ask a range of questions, for example,

    قل لي لمَ لم تتّصل بي؟ أتصلت بك عدة مرات ولم ترد عليّ. أخبرني ماذا تريد أن تصبح في المستقبل؟ إشرح لي أسباب عدم قبولك دعوتي لحفل عيد ميلادي. ألسنا أصدقاء؟

  • understanding and applying indirect object pronouns and passive voice to express ideas objectively in texts such as articles and speeches, for example,

    مُنعَ الكتاب بسبب أفكاره الجريئة؛ خُصّصَ وقت بعد المدرسة لتعليم اللّغة العربية

  • using cohesive devices to sequence ideas, for example,

    في البداية أود أن أحدثكم عن يوم النّظافة العالمي؛ وبعد ذلك سأشرح لكم طرق المشاركة في هذا اليوم؛ ثمّ سأريكم بعض الصور وختاماً سآخذكم في جولة قصيرة حول الحديقة العامة

  • extending use of negative forms, for example,

    لم أحب أبداً مشاهدة الأفلام القديمة التي تشاهدها أمّي لأنّها لا تناقش أموراً عصريّة؛ ليس كل ما تقرأونه في الكتب صحيحاً ولا ما تشاهدونه على التلفاز حقيقيّاً

  • using إلاّ to express exceptions, for example, جميع أصدقائي يلعبون رياضة ما خلال الأسبوع إلّا أنا
  • using comparative and superlative forms of adjectives to describe people and objects, for example,

    صديقتي هناء هي أجمل فتاة رأيتها في حياتي؛ فهي أحنّ صديقة؛ واكثرواحدة تحب مساعدة الآخرين؛ إنّها أيضاً أمهر طبّاخة والأفضل في كل شيء

  • understanding how to use exaggeration and emphasis for effect, for example,

    ألف مبروك على رخصة القيادة؛ أنا أفكر بك دائماً؛ قلت للمرة المليون بأنني لم اسمع جرس المحمول لأردّ عليك

  • developing metalanguage to discuss grammatical features and to explain how word order, tenses and moods, adjectives and adverbs can be used to enhance meaning and expand expression
  • using imperative verb tenses to persuade, encourage and advise others, for example,

    شاركوا في الردّ على الموقع الإلكتروني؛ لا تنسوا شاهدوا الفيلم الأسطوري؛ سيعجبكم جداً؛ هيّا تشددوا وحاولوا أن تكملوا البحث بجدارة ؛ إتّصلوا على الرقم المذكور في الإعلان

  • using subjunctive mood to express doubt, uncertainty or emotion, for example,

    قد يكون كلامك صحيحاً ولكني لست متأكّداً منه؛ ربما تقبل أمي أن أذهب معك إلى الحفل لست متأكدة

  • creating compound and complex sentences by using embedded clauses, for example,

    أحب القراءة كثيراً بالرّغم من أن الكثير من الناس لا يحبون أن يقرأوا بل يفضلون مشاهدة التلفاز ؛ لا أعرف لماذا أصدقائي والّذين أصولهم عربية؛ لا يحبون الأغاني العربيّة!

  VCARU183 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELT477

  Create literary texts with a sustained ‘voice’, selecting and adapting appropriate text structures, literary devices, language, auditory and visual structures and features for a specific purpose and intended audience

  Elaborations

  • creating a range of own spoken, written or multimodal texts, experimenting with and manipulating language devices for particular audiences, purposes and contexts
  • using humour and drama as devices to entertain, inform and persuade listeners, viewers and readers

  VCELT477 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Literature

• VCELY244

  Listen for specific purposes and information, including instructions, and extend students’ own and others' ideas in discussions through initiating topics, making positive statements, and voicing disagreement in an appropriate manner

  Elaborations

  • using spoken language for problem solving, and exploring ideas and concepts
  • listening for specific information and providing two or more key facts from an informative text spoken or read aloud
  • listening to, remembering and responding to detailed instructions

  VCELY244 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCELY396

  Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements to promote a point of view or enable a new way of seeing, using body language, voice qualities and other elements to add interest and meaning

  Elaborations

  • preparing a presentation combining print, visual and audio elements to explore and interpret ideas, drawing on knowledge and research about perspectives different from own

  VCELY396 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCHIU049

  Consolidate knowledge of grammatical elements such as distinctions between active and passive voice, the form and function of tenses, markers of cohesion such as conjunctions and adverbs, verb moods and number and gender distinctions

  Elaborations

  • knowing how to place adverbs correctly in sentences, for example, धीरे-धीरे, जल्दी में, दौड़ते हुए
  • using ordinal numbers such as पहला, दूसरा
  • distinguishing between questions and requests, for example, क्या मैं पानी पीने जा सकता हूँ? कृपया मुझे पानी पीने जाने दीजिए।
  • situating actions or events through the correct use of past, present and future tenses, for example, जाता था, जाता हूँ, जाऊँगा
  • using conjunctions to connect different elements of a sentence, for example, राम ने खाना खाया और सो गया।
  • using the singular and plural forms of nouns and pronouns, for example, मैं, हम, यह, ये
  • using negative forms of verbs and adjectives, for example, सोहन ने फिल्म नहीं देखी। झूठ कभी मत बोलो।
  • distinguishing between intonation patterns of statements, questions and exclamations, for example, वह पास हो गया! क्या आप वहाँ जाएँगे? तुम अच्छे बच्चे हो।
  • locating events in time, for example, by using days of the week and months and correct tenses
  • extending knowledge of negative constructions, such as कभी नहीं, सोचना भी मत
  • recognising and understanding how Hindi verbs indicate the idea of actions happening or being made to happen बनना, बनाना, बनवाना

  VCHIU049 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLAU023

  Understand concepts of accidence and syntax used in complex Latin sentences, including subordinate clauses, non-finite verb forms, pronoun forms, mood, voice, and conventions of complex sentence structure

  Elaborations

  • identifying the endings of fourth and fifth declension nouns, for example, exercitus, cornua; dies, fides
  • acknowledging that nouns may have unexpected genders, for example, first declension agricola (m), second declension pirus (f)
  • recognising relative, emphatic and indefinite pronouns, for example, qui, quae, quod; ipse; quisquis; quidam
  • recognising reflexive pronouns and adjectives, for example, se; suus
  • analysing case usage of nouns in all five declensions, for example, partitive genitive quid novi?
  • identifying and understanding the use of the locative case, for example, Romae, Pompeiis
  • identifying and understanding words used in apposition in all cases, for example, Venus, dea, est pulchra
  • explaining case usage of pronouns, for example, personal ego, tu, nos, vos; demonstrative hic, ille; interrogative quis, quis, quid; relative qui, quae, quod; emphatic ipse, ipsa, ipsum; reflexive me, te, nos, vos, se
  • distinguishing the use of different moods
  • extending identification of indicative endings of regular and irregular verbs to different tenses
  • understanding the concept of the principal parts for verbs in all conjugations, for example, voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum; sum, esse, fui
  • identifying and understanding the use of infinitives for all four conjugations and irregular verbs, for example, a prolative infinitive with amat, such as natare amat
  • recognising impersonal expressions, for example, mihi difficile est dormire
  • understanding the use of present, future and perfect participles, for example, clamans, moriturus, vocatus
  • recognising passive voice forms and the forms of deponent verbs and distinguishing their meanings, for example, laudata est – she has been praised; collapsa est – she collapsed
  • distinguishing in complex sentences between principal and subordinate clauses, for example, relative, causal, temporal, concessive, conditional, such as si/nisi with the indicative
  • recognising comparison of adjectives and adverbs, regular and irregular, for example, stulta, stultior, stultissima; malus, peior, pessimus
  • recognising quam + superlative, for example, quam celerrime
  • understanding conventions of the use of numbers to express distance, capacity, time and price, for example, duo milia passuum, quinquaginta denariis
  • understanding the conventions of the Roman calendar, for example, a.d. XIV Kal Jul
  • recognising creative variations in Latin word order, for example, delay of a key word or clause to create suspense, ordering of clauses to increase impact, bracketing/nesting, juxtaposition

  VCLAU023 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU238

  Compare how grammatical features such as tense and passive voice are constructed in English and Chinese, and identify distinctive features of Chinese grammar, for example, in tense marking (了、过), possession, plurality

  Elaborations

  • enhancing their understanding of how information is organised to achieve particular communicative purposes, for example, 是…的 and 被 structure
  • experimenting with the use of different sentence patterns when composing own messages, for example, 让步句 and 转折句

  VCZHU238 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRC112

  Access and analyse information from different sources, identifying how culture and context influence the presentation of ideas

  Elaborations

  • examining information obtained from different sites and sources to compare how young people are represented in the media, for example, comparing letters to the editor about young people with postings on forums conducted by young people
  • listening to and viewing short informative texts such as documentaries or news reports, listing key words and points of information to be reused in own newsflash or roman photo, and considering how emphasis or perspective can reflect culture and context
  • conducting surveys or structured interviews with classmates or online French-speaking contacts, comparing opinions and perspectives on community or personal issues, and identifying social or cultural variations
  • listening to, reading or viewing excerpts from interviews with public figures such as politicians, sports stars, musicians or actors, noting how vocabulary, phrases or gestures are used to emphasise or clarify key points of information

  VCFRC112 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• English | English as an Additional Language (EAL): Structure

  The English as an Additional Language (EAL) curriculum is organised by pathways, language modes and strands.

  Pathways

  The EAL curriculum is a continuum structured as three EAL pathways (A, B, C). Each pathway describes a different stage of English-language learning (early, mid and late), and...

  Overview material | English as an Additional Language (EAL)