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• VCELA453

  Understand that roles and relationships are developed and challenged through language and interpersonal skills

  Elaborations

  • identifying the various communities to which students belong and how language reinforces membership of these communities (the intimate language of family members, the jargon of teenage groups, the technicality of some online communities, the language specific to recreational groups, the interaction patterns of the classroom, the commonalities in migrant and cultural groups)

  VCELA453 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA429

  Understand that authors innovate with text structures and language for specific purposes and effects

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with ways to present personal viewpoints through innovating with texts

  VCELA429 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA434

  Understand how spelling is used creatively in texts for particular effects

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of spelling used to create characterisation and humour, and to represent accents and styles of speech

  VCELA434 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA471

  Understand conventions for citing others, and how to reference these in different ways

  Elaborations

  • understanding who to cite in essays, reviews and academic assignments and when it is appropriate to use direct quotations or to report sources more generally

  VCELA471 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language

• VCELA200

  Understand that there are different ways of asking for information, making offers and giving commands

  Elaborations

  • learning the difference between questions and statements, requests and commands
  • learning about different types of questions including closed and open questions and ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘who’ and ‘why’ questions

  VCELA200 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCESU196

  Understand and analyse the power of language to influence people, actions, values and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • examining language used in texts such as protest songs, posters and graffiti to identify ways in which language is used for social influence and commentary, for example, “Todo cambia“ ¡No malgaste el agua!
  • analysing examples of language used for social commentary or to influence actions or beliefs, such as emotive language and images in reports on cruelty to children or to animals (la violencia, la negligencia, la intimidación, el abuso, el acoso), and examining how specialised language can create barriers for some members of a language community, for example, legal or medical terms, arts-related expressions or bureaucratic language
  • understanding how language variation can reflect cultural and social identity, and inclusion or exclusion, for example, los refugiados versus los ilegales; the use of jargon or jergas (currar, laburar, estar al loro, ir de marcha, mala onda, tipo, chavo, pibe) to include or exclude; and the inclusive language of political speeches (los ciudadanos y ciudadanas ...)
  • recognising the purpose of particular texts to impact emotionally on others such as by influencing opinions and reactions, for example, in persuasive texts such as advertisements or reviews of a film, concert or fashion show

  VCESU196 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU141

  Understand that language use varies according to the age and relationship of participants

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on how they communicate with family and friends and with people less close to them, noticing differences in language use and communicative behaviour
  • analysing how the language of texts such as invitations, apologies or greeting cards may vary depending on the relationship between the sender and the receiver
  • noticing differences in the ways that Spanish and English speakers communicate with different people, for example, with young children or with unfamiliar adults

  VCESU141 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU124

  Understand that the English and Spanish languages borrow words from each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising words in Spanish that are borrowed from English (email, chat, bacon) and words in English that are borrowed from Spanish (patio, siesta, taco, tango, burrito, mosquito)
  • comparing how Spanish words that are used in everyday life in Australia (poncho, chocolate, tapas, paella, chorizo) are pronounced by speakers of English and Spanish

  VCESU124 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU198

  Understand and describe ways in which language and culture are interrelated and influence each other

  Elaborations

  • participating in guided discussion and reflection on the nature and role of culture and its relationship with language, noting any shifts in own attitudes, values or understandings about culture, identity and diversity as a consequence of learning and using Spanish
  • developing language for thinking and talking about cultural representation and expression, for example, perspectives, values, images, stereotypes, inclusion and exclusion
  • examining how a concept such as humour is conveyed in Spanish in ways that reflect lifestyles, values or traditions, and discussing how this may be perceived by non-native Spanish speakers
  • exploring language and communicative behaviours associated with particular Spanish-speaking regions or geographic locations to understand how factors such as geography, climate and economic situation shape language practices

  VCESU198 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCFRU090

  Understand that language and culture are interrelated, that they shape and are shaped by each other

  Elaborations

  • comparing definitions of ‘language’ and of ‘culture’, and explaining how they relate to each other
  • considering how language both reflects and shapes cultural distinctions such as community, social class, gender and generation
  • reflecting on the experience of moving between cultures in and out of school, in local and virtual environments, and through the experience of learning and using French
  • exploring the reciprocal element of intercultural communication, considering how own cultural ways of thinking and behaving affect attitudes and interactions and influence other people’s responses or interpretations

  VCFRU090 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCGRCU022

  Understand and apply the principles of pronunciation for the reading of Classical Greek texts

  Elaborations

  • developing fluency in recognising sound and spelling changes, for example, those that occur when stops (β/π/φ, τ/δ/θ/ζ, κ/γ/χ) are followed by sigma, as in σπεύδω/ἔσπευσα, πέμπω/ἔπεμψα, διώκω/ἐδίωξα
  • using diacritical marks for accentuation, to distinguish between words with the same spelling, for example, interrogative and indefinite adverbs and pronouns, such as τις and τίς, or verbs, such as πονεῖ and πόνει
  • recognising the component parts of compound words involving transfer of aspirates, for example, κατά + ἵστημι = καθίστημι
  • recognising non-Attic versions of common words, for example, θάλασσα (θάλαττα), πονέω (πονῶ), ἐς (εἰς), μάτηρ (μήτηρ)
  • understanding the function of crasis and elision when reading aloud, for example, κἀγαθοί = καὶ ἀγαθοί, τἄλλα = τὰ ἄλλα
  • noting that iota subscript is given in the upper case when reading Classical Greek inscriptions

  VCGRCU022 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU034

  Understand that the Hindi language is influenced by and in turn influences other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • understanding the influence on Hindi of different languages over different times, for example, the use of English words such as ‘post-box’, ‘railway station’, ‘bus’, ‘school’
  • identifying more examples of Hindi words or expressions that are commonly used in English, such as ‘verandah’ from बरामदा, ‘bandana’ from बांधना
  • identifying how words from Sanskrit, Perso-Arabic and English are used in different contexts to mean related concepts such as ‘concern/anxiety’: Sanskrit चिंता; Arabic फ़िक्र; and ‘tension’, English टेन्शन
  • finding examples of expressions in Hindi that include words from English or other languages, for example, क्या यह आपका फ़ाइनल उत्तर है?

  VCHIU034 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHPEM159

  Transfer understanding from previous movement experiences to create solutions to movement challenges

  Elaborations

  • drawing parallels between successful movement strategies in one sporting situation and how similar strategies could be used effectively in a different sport
  • speculating on possible outcomes of innovative solutions to movement challenges based on past experiences
  • reflecting on successful movement solutions and proposing how they can be transferred to new movement challenges
  • demonstrating motivation, persistence, confidence and commitment when faced with difficult or unfamiliar movement tasks

  VCHPEM159 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 9 and 10 | Movement and Physical Activity | Learning through movement

• VCICCD008

  Identify how understandings between culturally diverse groups can be encouraged and achieved

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the impact of own values and cultural practices on intercultural experiences, and understanding the importance of mutual and self-respect
  • exploring common or stereotypical reactions in imagined intercultural scenarios, such as when offered the opportunity to eat insects, and encouraging exploration of the boundaries of students own cultural values
  • explaining sister cities/sister schools or student exchange programs and exploring why these have been instigated
  • exploring a range of strategies to support understanding differences, such as not jumping to conclusions, emphasising similarities rather than differences, or modelling ways that students can respectfully disagree
  • demonstrating a willingness to understand different perspectives by asking honest, unbiased questions

  VCICCD008 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Cultural Diversity

• VCICCD011

  Identify barriers to and means of reaching understandings within and between culturally diverse groups

  Elaborations

  • exploring language variation within Australia, such as the different terms for a swimming costume (togs, cozzies or swimmers), or the practice of using diminutives, such as Aussie (Australian), sanga (sandwich) and footy (football)
  • exploring potential barriers to intercultural understanding, language for example, and discussing possible ways to address or reduce barriers, such as Government agencies using translation services including Auslan and closed captioning
  • brainstorming a list of questions students might ask a student in another country, and then identifying whether any of the questions may be uncomfortable for the person asking or responding
  • using a current global issue to investigate a range of positive and negative cultural stereotypes and generalisations and identifying how they can be challenged
  • exploring the view of Australia as a successful multicultural country and discussing potential impacts of the strengthening or weakening of this view, for example, events that help to foster inclusiveness or that may trigger an increase in racial intolerance

  VCICCD011 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Cultural Diversity

• VCIDC054

  Interact with others by making requests, seeking clarification, checking understanding and expressing opinions

  Elaborations

  • asking for clarification, such as how to spell a word (for example, Bagaimana ejaannya, Pak?) or asking for meaning, for example, Apa arti kata itu?
  • apologising and making requests, for example, Maaf saya terlambat Bu, Boleh saya ke kantor?, Tolong jangan dihapus Pak, saya belum selesai
  • giving help and responding to instructions, for example, Giliran kamu, Klik di bawah, Bu
  • asking and responding to closed and open-ended questions, for example, Tanggal berapa tes Bahasa Indonesia?, Bagaimana sekolah di Indonesia?

  VCIDC054 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCIDU065

  Expand understanding of textual conventions, particularly related to social and informational media

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with language appropriate to particular text types, such as descriptive language in documentaries, reflective language in diary and journal entries, and persuasive language in advertisements
  • analysing the informal style of language associated with social media texts and texting, such as the use of emoticons and abbreviated forms of words, for example, brngkt (berangkat), dng (dengan), kmn (ke mana)
  • analysing the forms, features and purpose of texts, such as how texts are organised in terms of layout, sequencing of ideas, headings and stylistic devices

  VCIDU065 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU068

  Understand that language is not neutral and that its use reflects cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives

  Elaborations

  • analysing culture-specific values reflected in Indonesian language such as respect for diversity, social justice and social responsibility (for example, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, gotong-royong, budi pekerti, selamatan), and comparing these values to those evident in own language and culture
  • analysing the meaning and nuances of culture-specific descriptions such as ramai, sepi, gemuk, rendah hati
  • recognising that there are culture-specific meanings associated with body language, for example, hands on hips suggests arrogance and aggression; the use of words like kita shows inclusiveness while kalau saya tidak salah shows humility
  • examining cultural representation in the Indonesian language system, such as the gender-neutral terms (for example, dia, pacar), the omission of personal pronouns, particularly saya (for example, Bisa datang ke rumah?), and the use of cardinal directions, for example, utara, selatan, timur, barat
  • recognising that language and cultural practices are interconnected, and that expressions with religious origins or connotations are commonplace, for example, selamat, Salam, Astaga, OMG, Asslam Walaikum, Insyah Allah
  • investigating and using language associated with significant cultural practices and events such as celebrations, for example, Selamat Hari Kemerdekaaan (Indonesian Independence Day), Maaf lahir batin (Ramadan), Panjang umurnya (birthdays), Selamat Hari Raya Nyepi (Balinese New Year)

  VCIDU068 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCIDU048

  Develop understanding of how grammatical structures and rules influence textual organisation

  Elaborations

  • noticing that different text types have a different register, for example, Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu (speech), kamu semua (dialogue with peers), Anda (advertisement) , Yth (email or letter to someone in authority)
  • analysing how different text types use linguistic features to create effects, such as superlatives in advertisements designed to persuade (terbaru, paling sehat), the imperative in signs designed to advise or prohibit (Dilarang), salutations in emails designed to maintain relationships (yang baik, salam dari), and declaratives in announcements designed to inform (Minggu depan pada waktu…)

  VCIDU048 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU116

  Develop understanding of textual conventions and how they shape meaning and influence responses

  Elaborations

  • analysing how texts are constructed, including cohesive devices such as conjunctions and coherence devices such as time markers
  • examining language structures and features used in a range of texts for communicative effect, for example, to persuade, amuse, ridicule, sympathise, challenge, include or exclude, offend or forgive
  • using literary devices to enhance ideas and expression in imaginative texts, for example, metaphor (adalah) and simile (sama dengan, seperti, bagai)
  • analysing and comparing textual features across cultures, for example, the convention of apologising at the opening and closing of formal Indonesian speeches, and showing humility in an Indonesian job application
  • understanding the prevalence of acronyms (for example, ultah, penjaskes, narkoba), and their use for convenience

  VCIDU116 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language