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• VCHIC057

  Interact with peers and the teacher to complete learning activities and to support their own and others’ learning by managing debate and discussion and checking understanding

  Elaborations

  • using more elaborated sentence structures and interactional strategies to support debate and to provide clarification, for example, अपनी बात के समर्थन में आप के पास कोई प्रमाण है? and to maintain cohesion and focus in discussion, for example, दूसरे शब्दों में; आपको नहीं लगता कि…; मेरा सुझाव तो यही है कि.......
  • contributing to discussion and debate by expressing opinions, responding to others’ perspectives and using reflective language, for example, ध्यान देने की बात... है कि; यह एक और दिलचस्प पहलू है……, जो आप कह रहे हैं वह ठीक है मगर यदि दूसरे दृष्टकोण से देखा जाए तो यह कहना ग़लत नहीं होगा कि.... यह विवादास्पद है।
  • using evaluative language to acknowledge strengths in others’ arguments or to challenge their views in a courteous manner, for example, आपका कहना एकदम स्पष्ट और उचित है।; वास्तविकता यह है कि इस बात पर मैं आप से बिलकुल सहमत नहीं हूँl
  • reflecting on the usefulness and potential application of particular learning experiences, comparing their language and literacy development in Hindi and English

  VCHIC057 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIU012

  Recognise the relationship between the sounds and patterns of pronunciation and elements of the Devanagari script, including the representation of long and short vowels, consonants and conjuncts

  Elaborations

  • recognising and reproducing the sounds and letters of spoken and written Hindi
  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and focusing on those that are new and initially difficult, such as त, थ, ग, घ, ट, द, ध।
  • learning how the Hindi sound system is conventionally represented in the Devanagari system by the use of 13 letters classified as vowels (अ-अः) and 33 consonants (क-ह and ड़-ढ़)
  • developing pronunciation skills by singing, reciting, reproducing and mimicking alphabetic elements in context
  • understanding how vowels are pronounced without any obstruction of air coming out of the mouth and consonants are pronounced with obstruction of air by different parts of the mouth
  • recognising that a line on the top of written letters joins them to make words and establishes spaces between words बस, घर। अब घर चल।
  • practising the writing of Devangari letters ‘hanging’ from a line, noticing the difference between this and English, where letters are written above the line क ख ग - a, b, c
  • recognising the matra form of vowels, such as ि, ी, and distinguishing long and short vowel sounds, such as ि, ी
  • identifying and practising pronunciation of vowel sounds with consonants, for example, कइ/कि, कई/की
  • understanding the formation of conjunct consonants such as क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ

  VCHIU012 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU066

  Recognise that Indonesian has formal and informal forms and that their style and use depend on the context, purpose and audience

  Elaborations

  • recognising variations between formal and informal language, such as dropping the prefixes ber- and me-, for example, belanja, selancar, nonton, beli
  • examining differences in language use according to mode, for example, the variations of ‘no’: nggak (spoken), tak (written poetry/song lyrics), tdk (abbreviation used in text messages)
  • recognising that the use of different terms of address reflects varying levels of politeness and familiarity, such as referring to others in the third person by using Ibu, Bapak or first name
  • comparing language structures in Indonesian and English and how these are used to create intimacy or distance, for example, the use of colloquial language or object-focus construction
  • using intonation to shift meaning, such as to show surprise, to downplay or to exaggerate, for example, Aduh, mahal sekali! (in bargaining), Aduh, perut saya sakit (to gain sympathy), Aduh, jelek (to downplay)

  VCIDU066 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU034

  Analyse and compose different types of texts, considering issues such as coherence, cohesion, and the relationship between textual conventions and audiences and contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying how grammatical choices, words and images combine in a text to achieve particular intentions and effects (for example, using 나 instead of 저 in an advertisement to make the target audience identify with the social group that would use the goods being advertised)
  • exploring and identifying basic cohesive devices in texts such as:
    • consistent use of the informal polite-style ending –어/아요 throughout texts of multiple sentences
    • agreement of honorific elements such as particles, words and suffixes in a sentence (for example, 선생님께꽃을 드려요; 할머니께서 주무세요; 저에게 말씀해 주세요; 그분은 누구세요?) and throughout the text
    • use of conjunctive adverbs, for example, 그런데, 그래서, 그러면, 그렇지만, 하지만 and conjunctive suffixes (clausal connectives) such as –고, –어/아서, –(으)면
  • creating short texts, (print or digital), with a focus on textual coherence and cohesion

  VCKOU034 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLAE003

  Listen to and read Latin texts, such as stories, myths and plays; share reactions and make connections with characters, events, actions, settings and key emotions

  Elaborations

  • listening to and reading texts, such as stories about daily life in the city/country or public entertainment, and responding to questions in English relating to content and context
  • recognising recurring characters, settings and themes in texts, drawing on previous knowledge and experiences to make connections with the narrative, for example, the domineering master or the insolent slave; Pompeii; Vesuvius
  • discussing how scenes and characters are depicted in texts, for example, in short plays, dialogues, retelling of well-known myths and legends, through devices such as imagery or conversations
  • discussing language features that encourage the audience to respond in particular ways, for example, the use of repetition, alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia
  • recognising that writers use different text structures and formats for specific purposes and effects, for example, change of focus, a story within a story, plot tension
  • identifying and discussing the techniques writers use to achieve specific effects, such as the use of antithesis to create humour or surprise, for example, omnes pueri rident sed Publius non ridet.

  VCLAE003 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Engaging with texts | Responding to texts

• VCZHC083

  Locate and share with known audiences factual information about people, places and events from a range of oral texts

  Elaborations

  • listening to or viewing public information texts such as weather forecasts and announcements, and identifying specific information and key words, for example, 点, 度,米, 公里,元/块
  • viewing audiovisual texts such as a cooking program and answering questions from classmates about the key steps and main ingredients, for example, ‘蚂蚁上树’没有蚂蚁。树是粉丝，蚂蚁是猪肉
  • obtaining the gist or specific information in spoken texts by focusing on familiar, predictable items in a flow of words, as well as features of voice, gesture and word choice, for example recognising the emotion and degree of enthusiasm or dislike expressed (for example, 我一点儿也不喜欢… compared to 我不喜欢…)
  • representing gathered information by restating key phrases and explaining reasons for actions and feelings, for example, 她很高兴, 因为…
  • preparing short presentations of data collected from various sources, including texts in English on familiar people, places and events (for example, 澳大利亚的总理, 澳洲旅游景点，我是澳大利亚人), and creating supporting visual images such as a timeline

  VCZHC083 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC021

  Respond to and create simple imaginative texts using voice, rhythm, and appropriate gesture and action

  Elaborations

  • performing plays in groups, using puppets and props, with allocated roles (such as 《十二生肖的故事》, 《饥饿的毛毛虫》), and using gestures and other movements to enhance the impact of performance, for example, using facial expressions to demonstrate emotions during a play
  • viewing performances such as a song and dance show for children and identifying features of language, for example, rhyming in 小燕子，穿花衣，年年春天来这里
  • creating own representations of familiar songs (小星星), poems and stories with a focus on varying voice, rhythm, gesture and action
  • reading excerpts of 童谣 and comparing Chinese-specific expression with English version, such as 小猫怎么叫,喵喵喵。小狗怎么叫，汪汪汪。小鸡怎么叫，叽叽叽。小鸭怎么叫，嘎嘎嘎。小羊怎么叫，咩咩咩
  • singing familiar songs from both cultures, such as 《小星星》，《说哈罗》,《猜拳歌》 or 《狼与小孩》, to memorise words and sounds and for enjoyment
  • expressing own feelings, likes and dislikes in response to Chinese stories, songs and poems, and asking for classmates’ feelings

  VCZHC021 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC099

  Locate and compare perspectives on people, places and lifestyles in different communities, from a range of spoken information texts, and convey this information to others

  Elaborations

  • documenting specific details of events, customs and lifestyles obtained from diverse sources (for example, video clips and face-to-face interviews), and summarising the information in order to form a balanced view to share with others
  • listening to and viewing texts (for example, celebrity interviews, news reports and documentaries on tourist hot spots) and obtaining gist by focusing on familiar, anticipated items in a flow of words, such as names of people and places, time and date, attitude and opinions
  • using dictionaries and other support materials to identify key words, for example, identifying the likely meaning of 七夕 when they hear 农历七月七日是七夕
  • interviewing teachers or other familiar adults about their experiences (for example, 他小时候每天都骑自行车) and presenting this information to the class, quoting the source of information, for example, 有人说；她告诉我
  • producing multimodal presentations to deliver information about aspects of leisure activities, education or community life (for example, 澳大利亚的运动), and expressing opinions and perspectives, using data and examples to support ideas, for example, 我觉得这个电影很没意思,因为…而且… 所以…
  • presenting information to others with awareness of audience and context, for example, making appropriate language choices when presenting to adults as compared with presenting to peers

  VCZHC099 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC069

  Engage with a range of performance-based imaginative texts, and respond by discussing attitudes portrayed, expressing opinions, explaining themes, discussing characters, and considering language use and cultural meanings, and apply this knowledge to create imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • viewing episodes of popular TV programs, such as sitcoms from mainland China, Taiwan and other regions, sharing opinions on characters and plot (for example, 我不懂他们为什么吵架。他真的很烦人，我特别不喜欢他), and relating the situations and contexts in the TV program to similar events in their own life, for example, 如果我是她…; 我觉得他最好…
  • listening to popular Chinese songs, comparing themes and content to those of songs popular in Australia, and discussing how popular culture reflects social issues, for example, 家庭的关系 (family relationships)
  • creating own dramatic performances to entertain others, with a focus on accuracy of tone and rhythm appropriate to choices in language and gestures
  • creating plays with plots that reflect personal opinions on topics of interest (for example, 旅行，未来), using props to support storytelling, and experimenting with language, image and sound to convey complex ideas and enhance audience appreciation
  • presenting own version of a familiar story or event, for example, collaborating to create a voiceover for a segment from a familiar TV show or commentating a youth sporting event
  • reading narratives (for example, personal histories and extracts from teenage fiction) and writing a journal to share personal reflections on the ways of life and experiences portrayed and expressed, providing reasons for their opinions, for example, 这个故事非常…比如说…你一定要看这本书！

  VCZHC069 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCHIC028

  Recognise that ways of communicating in different languages reflect ways of behaving and thinking

  Elaborations

  • recognising differences in attitudes or ways of expressing feelings when using Hindi or English, for example, when being polite and respectful, when thanking or sympathising with people or when exchanging wishes on special occasions
  • identifying non-verbal aspects of communication in Hindi that may be unfamiliar to non-Hindi speakers, such as the way that older relatives greet children by holding their hand over the child’s head and saying जीते रहो, or shaking the head from side to side or back and forth to show varying levels of agreement
  • recognising how the Hindi language reflects traditions and social distinctions to do with how people are regarded in society, how old they are or what religion they practise, for example, the use of the honorific particle जी after a surname to show respect or after an individual name to show affection
  • discussing how Australian behaviours and expressions might be understood or misunderstood by newcomers to the language and culture, for example, the use of terms such as ‘bushwalking’ or ‘arvo’, or expressions such as ‘she’ll be right’ and children’s use of first names with some adults
  • comparing how they communicate in Hindi, English or other languages when they are interacting with different people, such as elders, friends, strangers, parents, small children

  VCHIC028 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCTRC052

  Initiate and sustain a range of spoken and written social interactions and personal reflections, including discussion of their experiences as members of different friendship groups or language communities

  Elaborations

  • engaging in face-to-face or online discussions of experiences such as travel, using social media, being part of different friendship or interest groups, or using Turkish and English in different contexts
  • recounting significant events or milestones in their lives as members of a multicultural society, for example, Türkiye’ye ilk ziyaret, Avustralya’ya ilk geliş, sünnet düğünü, comparing with those of their peers and identifying commonalities or differences
  • comparing aspects of their personal worlds, such as home, school and social lives, including their use of different languages and involvement in different cultural practices, for example, aile yaşamı, düğünler, batıl inançlar, misafirperverlik (konukseverlik)
  • sharing opinions about issues of shared interest, such as parental expectations or peer pressure, identifying points of consensus or disagreement
  • acknowledging others’ ideas and opinions and indicating agreement or disagreement in non-judgemental ways, for example, Sana katılıyorum ama… Seninle tamamen aynı fikirdeyim.Sana katılmıyorum çünkü… Ben aynı fikirde değilim
  • contributing to online forums that invite discussion of shared interests from different contexts and perspectives, for example, moda, diyet, müzik, dans, spor

  VCTRC052 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIU070

  Reflect on changes in their own use of Hindi over time in social, community and school contexts, explaining reasons for changes or adaptations

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on changes in their ways of communicating in Hindi, identifying terms, expressions or behaviours that have become part of their everyday language through the influence of technology, social media and intercultural experience
  • talking with older members of their families or communities about changes they have experienced in their use of Hindi and about their observations of how the language has changed over time
  • discussing how their use of language reflects different and changing relationships, for example, familiarity with friends, respect for elders and authority figures
  • finding examples of changes in language use within their own families and friendship groups which have come about through globalisation and the influence of other languages, for example, माँ, अम्मा, माताजी being replaced in some families by मम्मी
  • identifying how social media and technology have influenced their own ways of communicating, for example, by compiling a glossary of terms they use in emails or text messages, such as अब (ATM), फिर मिलेंगे CU, जाना होगा (G2G), हे हे (LOL), फिर बात करते हैं (TTL)

  VCHIU070 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCADAE021

  Use safe dance practice, fundamental locomotor and non-locomotor movements, body parts, bases and zones to explore, improvise and structure movement ideas for dance

  Elaborations

  • trialling ways of safely using the whole body and different body parts, bases and zones to communicate ideas, experiences and feelings, for example, making a rounded shape to explore ideas about enclosed spaces
  • exploring options for creating and extending movements, alone and then with a partner, for example, forming and changing shapes within space
  • using questions to explore ways of using forms and elements, for example, dancers consider how they can communicate an emotion or idea, how a shape can be varied, how two shapes can be combined
  • using stimulus materials to explore ideas for dance, for example, using percussion instruments or body percussion to explore how movements can be varied by performing them at different speeds, or identifying patterns in images and recreating the ideas through movement

  VCADAE021 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 1 and 2 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCASFC075

  Engage proactively in language learning experiences through discussion, justification of opinions and reflection on the experience of learning and using Auslan

  Elaborations

  • participating in discussion and debate, clarifying and interrogating ideas, developing and supporting arguments, sharing and evaluating information, experiences and opinions
  • making connections between their own and each other’s ideas or beliefs and real-life experiences and consequences, using reflections such as:
    SOMETIMES POSSIBLE HAPPEN++ WHY I-F PRO2 PAST THINK-ABOUT WILL TRUE HAPPEN
    Sometimes things happen because you think they will, so it comes true.
    I-F YOU THINK PRO2 CAN PRO2 CAN. IF PRO2 THINK YOU CAN’T YOU CAN’T.
    If you think you can, you can. If you think you can’t, you can’t.
    
  • comparing opinions about culturally appropriate behaviours when engaging with unfamiliar members of the Deaf community
  • using skills such as paraphrasing, questioning, interpreting non-verbal cues and appropriate vocabulary selection to support elaborated discussion
  • discussing and experimenting with ways to strengthen and refine signed texts to entertain, inform, persuade or inspire different audiences
  • exchanging reflections on the experience of using Auslan in different contexts and situations, comparing challenges or satisfactions and reflecting on how the same event can be differently experienced or interpreted

  VCASFC075 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCCCL012

  Explain how state/territory and federal laws are initiated and passed through parliament

  Elaborations

  • discussing where ideas for new laws can come from, for example in response to a community concern
  • investigating the stages of the passage of a bill
  • observing an Australian parliament in session, in situ or virtually

  VCCCL012 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 5 and 6 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCTM070

  Experience the learning strategies of visualisation and repetition

  Elaborations

  • practising and developing skills through routine activities and repetition
  • using visual strategies to assist in their learning
  • using learning strategies in structured learning experiences so they can be used in new and/or different situations

  VCCCTM070 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level B | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTM088

  Explore learning strategies required to address everyday problems and situations

  Elaborations

  • learning what learning strategies to use in a range of common situations
  • learning a variety of strategies they can use to solve common problems
  • practising and using learning strategies, for example thinking aloud, planning, brainstorming

  VCCCTM088 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level D | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTR075

  Create conclusions based on exploration

  Elaborations

  • communicating their discoveries and understandings from investigations and learning experiences
  • assisting to create conclusions about investigations and problem solving activities
  • indicating choices and how a decision can be made when selecting one

  VCCCTR075 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level C | Reasoning

• VCEALA060

  Recognise the importance of accurate reproduction of letters and words

  Elaborations

  • forming both capital and lower-case letters consistently and legibly
  • showing awareness that spelling is consistent, for example copying words carefully, asking how to spell a word, asking for a word to be written so it can be copied

  VCEALA060 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC265

  Use key words to understand the main idea in short texts

  Elaborations

  • identifying the main topic of a short paragraph, for example ‘This is about dogs’
  • identifying the main characters and events in a short narrative when given a prompt such as, ‘In this paragraph we can find the name of the main character’

  VCEALC265 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Communication