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• VCEALL292

  Use basic digital technology functions

  Elaborations

  • typing letters and words, copying from a print text
  • following simple instructions with visual support to navigate a digital text using menu items or links

  VCEALL292 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCITU015

  Understand that language is organised as texts

  Elaborations

  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions, for example, e
  • recognising features of text types such as stories and letters

  VCITU015 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU121

  Recognise and copy some hiragana and a few high-frequency kanji

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the Japanese language uses three different scripts depending on word origins and the context of language use
  • understanding that one kana represents a basic unit of Japanese sound
  • understanding that each individual kanji represents meaning as well as sounds, for example, 日(ひ)、日(び)、日(にち), whereas one kana or one letter of the English alphabet does not represent individual meaning
  • recognising some kanji, for example, numbers and 象形文字(しょうけいもじ) (pictographs) such as 山(やま)、川(かわ)、口(くち)、目(め)、上(うえ)
  • recognising the 46 basic hiragana, using supports such as mnemonic clues
  • tracing and copying kanji and kana
  • tracing and copying their own name in katakana or hiragana
  • identifying known hiragana within a word and using that to predict the meaning
  • noticing that Japanese can be written vertically or horizontally

  VCJAU121 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCEALA530

  Begin to check accuracy

  Elaborations

  • checking copied text against the original text and making corrections to capital letters, spelling and punctuation
  • following the teacher’s feedback to identify and correct simple errors, for example referring to the word list to check the spelling of underlined words

  VCEALA530 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL400

  Use a small range of software functions to create simple digital texts

  Elaborations

  • using a keyboard to type capital and lower-case letters, numbers, basic punctuation marks and symbols
  • typing letters and words, copying from a print text or typing short original texts
  • using a range of editing and formatting functions, such as inserting or deleting text, using font styles and alignment
  • inserting images and tables

  VCEALL400 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCDEU013

  Develop knowledge of elements of the German grammatical system, including gender and number, nominative and accusative cases, present tense of regular and some irregular verbs, personal pronouns, possessive adjectives and word order, to describe people, objects, actions, events and relationships

  Elaborations

  • understanding that German has multiple words for ‘the’ and ‘a/an’ according to the gender of the relevant noun, and noticing that the articles for masculine nouns sometimes change (nominative to accusative), for example, Die Frau hat einen BMW.; Der Film hat ein Happy End
  • comparing pluralisation of nouns in German and English, for example, die for plural nouns
  • using post-nominal (predicative) adjectives, for example, Unsere Deutschlehrerin ist intelligent.; Die Berge in Österreich sind sehr schön.; Meine Augen sind blau.
  • noticing the relationship between gender, article, adjective and case when using pre-nominal (attributive) adjectives to describe people, objects, places and events, for example, Ich habe einen kleinen Bruder.
  • noticing that as well as the articles (for masculine nouns), some pronouns change after certain verbs (accusative direct object), for example, Wir sehen heute den Film.; Es gibt einen neuen Schüler in Klasse 8A.; Ich mag dich.
  • noticing that articles and pronouns change after particular prepositions (dative), such as those associated with location and destination, for example, Wir sind in der Stadt.; Die Party ist im Garten.; Wie kommst du zur Schule?
  • using common prepositional phrases formulaically, for example, nach Hause, zu Hause
  • using personal pronouns to refer to people and things, for example, Was kostet die App? Sie kostet… .
  • understanding the three German pronouns for ‘you’ (du/ihr/Sie) and when to use them
  • expressing a relationship to a person or object using some possessive adjectives in the nominative and accusative case, for example, Seine Familie kommt aus Afrika.; Ich liebe meinen Hund .
  • recognising that in German a subject + verb can have multiple English translations, for example, wir spielen can mean ‘we play’, ‘we are playing’, ‘we do play’, ‘we shall/will play’ and ‘we’re going to play’, and applying this understanding when formulating own German sentences
  • understanding the concept of regular and irregular verbs (spielen and lesen) and noticing that this is a feature of both German and English (and other languages, such as French, Italian and Spanish)
  • conjugating the present tense of regular verbs and some common irregular verbs, including sein and haben
  • understanding structures to express likes, dislikes and preferences, for example, Ich mag Tennis. Ich spiele nicht gern Fuβball. Ich spiele lieber Kricket.
  • using common modal verbs such as können to describe capabilities (Ich kann gut schwimmen., and Ich möchte and Darf ich… ?) or to make polite requests
  • gaining awareness of a limited number of routine past tense expressions including some with war and hatte and the present perfect, for example, Sabine war gestern krank. Das hat Spaβ gemacht. Habt ihr ein schönes Wochenende gehabt?
  • negating verbs and adjectives using nicht and nouns using kein/e, for example, Nein, Marcus hat keine Geschwister.
  • describing frequency using adverbs and adverbial expressions such as oft, manchmal, jeden Tag, ab und zu, nie
  • understanding the subject-verb-object (SVO) word order, for example, Ich spiele Basketball., and the need for subject-verb inversion to keep the verb as the second idea/element in the sentence, for example, Heute Abend spiele ich Basketball.
  • joining words, phrases and sentences using the coordinating conjunctions und, oder, aber
  • understanding how to form a question, using subject-verb inversion, for example, Hast du Geschwister? and with interrogatives such as wann, was, wer, wie, wie viel, wie viele, wo, woher, warum, welche(-r/s/n) and wohin
  • locating people, places and objects using adverbs such as rechts, links, oben, unten, hier, dort
  • using ordinal numbers to give the date or a birthday, for example, Heute ist der erste Ma.i; Seine Mutter hat am 22. April Geburtstag.
  • understanding and locating events in time (days, months, seasons), including the use of the 24-hour clock, prepositions such as nach and vor, and adverbs and formulaic expressions such as heute, vorgestern, früher, später, am Wochenende, in den Ferien
  • referring to quantities of people and things, including money, using cardinal numbers up to a billion, as well as decimals, common fractions and negative numbers, for example, Deutschland hat 81,9 Millionen Einwohner.; Die Tagestemperatur liegt bei minus 3 Grad.; Ich habe eine Halbschwester.
  • building metalanguage to comment on grammar and vocabulary (for example, Nomen, Verben, Zahlen, Fragewörter, groβ/klein schreiben), comparing with equivalent English terms

  VCDEU013 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC110

  Translate familiar Arabic and English words, phrases and expressions, using visual cues and word lists, and explain the meaning of particular words and verbal and non-verbal expressions

  Elaborations

  • using Arabic and English to name familiar objects and conduct simple conversations, translating when necessary to help others understand
  • translating and interpreting particular words and expressions and simple texts such as songs for friends and family
  • playing matching games with Arabic and English words from Big Books and picture books
  • demonstrating and explaining hand gestures, intonation patterns and facial expressions that can be used without language to convey meaning, for example, nodding to indicate agreement

  VCARC110 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC008

  Translate familiar words and phrases from Auslan into English and vice versa, using visual cues, signs and English words, noticing how signs and words differ

  Elaborations

  • recognising that every language uses words or signs to make meaning
  • identifying aspects of Auslan which are the same in English, such as the fingerspelled alphabet
  • participating in shared reading of children’s books containing Auslan images and English text, asking and answering questions about unfamiliar words and phrases, and noticing the comparative number of signs and words used in the book
  • translating simple Auslan signs to family and friends by fingerspelling or writing the English word, for example, DOG, CAT, BIRD
  • comparing Auslan expressions used in everyday interactions such as greetings with equivalent English expressions, for example, HOW-ARE-YOU? compared to How are you?

  VCASFC008 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCIDC008

  Translate familiar words and phrases, using visual cues and word lists, noticing how words may have similar or different meanings

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared reading of texts such as big books, and asking and answering questions about unfamiliar words and the number of words in translated texts, for example, Ada berapa kata? Apa kata ini?…sama atau tidak?
  • using visual dictionaries, word lists and pictures to translate meanings and compare similar or different meanings
  • noticing aspects of Indonesian and English that are the same, such as the alphabet and some sounds
  • discussing culture-specific words and practices (for example, mandi, guling) and terms of address, for example, Ibu/Bapak for teachers and parents

  VCIDC008 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCRAC008

  Translate familiar words and phrases, using visual cues and word lists, noticing how words may have similar or different meanings

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared reading of texts such as big books, and asking and answering questions about unfamiliar words and the number of words in translated texts
  • using visual dictionaries, word lists and pictures to translate meanings and compare similar or different meanings
  • noticing how aspects of the language studied and English are the same, such as the alphabet and some sounds
  • discussing culture-specific words and practices and terms of address

  VCRAC008 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCEALA384

  Employ a range of strategies to understand and learn unknown words

  Elaborations

  • using a bilingual dictionary to find an English equivalent for a word known in home language, or vice versa
  • checking meaning in both home language and English before using a word in speech or writing
  • recording vocabulary in a personal list that includes details such as translation in English and home language, pronunciation and meaning

  VCEALA384 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA304

  Employ a range of strategies to understand new or unknown words

  Elaborations

  • referring to written resources such as bilingual dictionaries, charts or own spelling lists
  • recording a vocabulary list that includes English, home language and other details such as an image or phonetic pronunciation
  • writing notes in home language about meaning and pronunciation when encountering new words in texts

  VCEALA304 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC505

  Identify some familiar words in different contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying familiar information in a text, for example recognising friends’ names on worksheets or belongings
  • locating specific words or information in a text, using questions or prompts as guidance

  VCEALC505 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC185

  Understand some familiar words in different contexts

  Elaborations

  • recognising a friend’s name on a birthday calendar, or reading a label to select the correct book

  VCEALC185 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALL025

  Borrow key words from previous speaker

  Elaborations

  • borrowing key words from questions to compose answers, such as Student 1: ‘Do you want to play chasey?’, Student 2: ‘Yeah, play chasey’

  VCEALL025 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL318

  Spell accurately common words encountered in the classroom

  Elaborations

  • spelling accurately high-frequency words and words learnt in class, such as ‘the’, ‘and’, ‘is’, ‘it’
  • using sound or visual features to spell new words, for example ‘evry’
  • referring to classroom charts and personal vocabulary lists to check or confirm spelling

  VCEALL318 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL047

  Identify repetitive words or phrases in known texts

  Elaborations

  • pointing to or counting repeated words in a text, for example ‘How many times can you see the word “me”?’
  • identifying characters or objects that are represented in both images and print text

  VCEALL047 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL713

  Use contextual cues to infer the meaning of unknown words

  Elaborations

  • using existing vocabulary knowledge to predict the meaning of compound words (such as ‘daydream’) or words with familiar base words (such as ‘unbroken’)
  • using information in the text, such as images, headings or adjacent sentences, to deduce meanings
  • inferring the meaning of unfamiliar words and reading on to maintain fluency, and then checking new words in a dictionary after reading

  VCEALL713 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL629

  Use topic-related compound words to extend vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • rehearsing and repeating learnt topic vocabulary
  • recognising familiar parts of topic-related compound words, such as ‘landform’, ‘earthquake’
  • using topic-related compound words in class discussions or spoken texts, with reference to classroom charts or vocabulary lists

  VCEALL629 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL367

  Read some common words or familiar phrases

  Elaborations

  • using previous knowledge to read familiar words or phrases in new texts, such as ‘next to the’, ‘she said’

  VCEALL367 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features