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• VCEALL234

  Use high-frequency words accurately, although sometimes repetitively

  Elaborations

  • using repetitive sentence beginnings
  • using some evaluative vocabulary, for example ‘good’, ‘nice’ ‘I like’

  VCEALL234 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL289

  Recognise the function of capital letters and full stops, and use them

  Elaborations

  • pausing at a full stop when reading
  • recognising words using capital letters, for example names and the beginning of sentences

  VCEALL289 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL282

  Use some of the terminology of reading

  Elaborations

  • understanding terminology such as ‘author’, ‘title’, ‘letter’, ‘word’, ‘sentence’
  • identifying features of a text in answer to questions such as ‘Who is the author of this book?’

  VCEALL282 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCELA086

  Know their written name (as a grapheme) and match the letters in their name

  Elaborations

  • matching letters that are the same
  • recognising that letters and numbers are different
  • learning to speak and communicate using simple sentence starters

  VCELA086 | Curriculum content | English | Level C | Writing | Language

• VCRAU063

  Recognise how stress works in the language and the use of intonation

  Elaborations

  • recognising where to place stress in complex sentences
  • reflecting on how intonation affects meaning

  VCRAU063 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU093

  Identify the characteristics of familiar text types, noting particular textual features distinctive to Chinese

  Elaborations

  • exploring features and conventions of Chinese texts, including lack of word spacing and punctuation, and variability in text direction, and comparing texts in traditional characters with texts in simplified characters
  • describing the major features of familiar text types in Chinese (for example, narratives), and experimenting with analysing Chinese texts, for example, recognising the ‘problem’ and the ‘resolution’ in a narrative
  • comparing textual features and language used in different types of written communication within and across languages, for example: How does the formatting of a letter and an email differ in English? Why are there such differences? How does the formatting of a letter in English compare to Chinese formatting?
  • discussing how the organisation of information reflects concepts of hierarchy and authority, for example, the placement of the date in personal correspondence; how the address is organised on a letter (小区名，楼号，楼, for example, 龙江小区蓝天园15栋2单元504室)
  • comparing textual and linguistic features in diverse forms of written Chinese texts, such as letters, emails and text messages, and exploring the use of visual symbols such as emoticons in digital correspondence
  • experimenting with features of text presentation in Chinese, for example, text direction, word spacing, punctuation, and overall paragraph format when using squared paper

  VCZHU093 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIC004

  Locate specific phrases and points of information in simple texts such as charts, lists, stories and songs, and use the information to complete guided oral and written tasks

  Elaborations

  • listening for specific information in stories, rhymes or songs, such as लाला जी ने केला खाया; एक कौआ प्यासा था; चूहा और शेर, using intonation, gestures and facial expressions to help understanding
  • recognising simple written words in familiar contexts, such as labels, captions and story titles
  • participating in shared readings of Big Book stories about familiar events or contexts, for example, पंचतन्त्र की कहानियाँ, using pictures, punctuation, intonation and contextual clues to predict meaning, and recording words associated with main characters and events
  • identifying key points in simple spoken, written or digital texts by miming, drawing, onscreen pointing, clicking or dragging

  VCHIC004 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCJAU141

  Recognise that texts such as stories, games and conversations have particular language features and textual conventions

  Elaborations

  • recognising features of familiar genres of Japanese texts such as picture books, digital books or games, video clips or songs
  • recognising differences between the layout and language features of different types of texts, including たてがき, よこがき
  • recognising the role played by different elements in texts to contribute to meaning-making, for example, the layout, title, illustration and use of punctuation in a picture book or the use of speech bubbles in a cartoon
  • recognising patterns in simple spoken or written texts in Japanese, for example, in relation to the use of particles, verb endings and other frequently occurring features

  VCJAU141 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCCCTR013

  Examine and use the structure of a basic argument, with an aim, reasons and conclusion to present a point of view

  Elaborations

  • drawing the structure of a basic argument using digital and non-digital technologies
  • dropping and dragging jumbled sentences from an argument into order and explaining and comparing different orderings using digital technologies or hard copy cards
  • providing a prompt and sentence starters to structure arguments for and against a claim, for example that “Ignoring teasing is the best response”

  VCCCTR013 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 3 and 4 | Reasoning

• VCEALA555

  Use home language to formulate speech in English and communicate ideas

  Elaborations

  • formulating original utterances to communicate ideas, combining English vocabulary with home language sentence patterns
  • referring to home language while formulating speech, which may be reflected in pauses and hesitation
  • translating word for word from home language to English, before adapting the translation using English sentence structure

  VCEALA555 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA145

  Model writing on other texts

  Elaborations

  • using words, phrases or sentence patterns from a teacher-modelled text, a favourite story or home language text
  • constructing a short, basic text type, following the structure of a model text, for example copying sentence beginnings in the same order

  VCEALA145 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA148

  Understand a small range of terminology of writing

  Elaborations

  • understanding terminology such as ‘letter’, ‘word’, ‘sentence’, ‘comma’
  • understanding a small range of more technical terminology in structured activities, such as underlining verbs in a short text
  • following instructions for writing, for example ‘Fill in your name’, ‘Write each sentence on a new line’

  VCEALA148 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC055

  Copy well-known symbols, words, phrases or short texts

  Elaborations

  • tracing or copying letters, words and sentences written by the teacher
  • copying out a short text jointly constructed by the class
  • copying and completing short, formulaic sentences to describe familiar images, such as ‘This is a …’
  • making corrections to own writing when copying text

  VCEALC055 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Communication

• VCEALC057

  Write a simple text that fulfils a function

  Elaborations

  • writing a simple description, recount or procedure after a shared class experience, for example a short text recounting making pancakes
  • writing the names of items depicted in images
  • copying and completing short, formulaic sentences to describe images, such as ‘This is a …’
  • choosing a sentence from a class text to use as a caption for an image

  VCEALC057 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Communication

• VCEALL662

  Organise the content of a topic at paragraph level, with teacher guidance, to reflect given or new information

  Elaborations

  • following a model text or scaffold for paragraph structure, for example including a topic sentence, main idea, elaboration and summary
  • writing a simple topic sentence introducing and sequencing the key idea of the paragraph, for example ‘Another main reason to ban cars is …’

  VCEALL662 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL052

  Recognise capital letters, spaces and full stops

  Elaborations

  • showing awareness that words are separated by spaces, such as by pointing to words or counting words
  • pointing to capital letters and full stops in a text
  • pausing at full stops when reading aloud
  • using spaces to count words in a sentence or on a line
  • using capital letters and full stops to count sentences

  VCEALL052 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL071

  Label drawings of everyday personal activities using language learnt in the classroom

  Elaborations

  • using drawings as a basis for oral explanations or captioning using simple writing, such as ‘live here’, ‘play’, ‘study’
  • writing the names of items depicted in images
  • copying and completing short, formulaic sentences to describe images, such as ‘This is a …’
  • choosing a sentence from a class text to use as a caption for an image

  VCEALL071 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL601

  Use single clauses, or use simple coordinating and subordinating conjunctions to combine clauses

  Elaborations

  • constructing compound sentences with a range of coordinating conjunctions (such as ‘and’, ‘but’), for example ‘They knocked on door but nobody answered’
  • constructing complex sentences using some common subordinating conjunctions (such as ‘as’, ‘when’, ‘until’), for example ‘When they arrived, they knocked on door’

  VCEALL601 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCCCTR004

  Examine words that show reasons and words that show conclusions

  Elaborations

  • asking what happened or was decided ‘in the end’ to show what a conclusion is
  • listening to sentences that show a conclusion and a reason and identifying which words or phrases show each

  VCCCTR004 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Reasoning

• VCEALA379

  Write using language that is beginning to reflect the features of written language more than the features of spoken language

  Elaborations

  • expanding vocabulary to incorporate more topic-specific words
  • developing simple plans to support writing with some structure and complexity at the text, paragraph and sentence level

  VCEALA379 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness